Islam Unit Review PDF

Islam Review 1. What is the root meaning of the name Islam? a. submission to god 2. Describe the Qur’an’s size and structure, and identify its original language. a. original language is classical arabic and it contains the psalms of david(zabur) the and the...

Islam Review 1. What is the root meaning of the name Islam? a. submission to god 2. Describe the Qur’an’s size and structure, and identify its original language. a. original language is classical arabic and it contains the psalms of david(zabur) the and the torah of moses(tawrat) both from judaism, the scrolls of abraham(shuhufi ibrahim), and the gospels of jesus/isa (injil). The prophet mohammed PBUH came with the addition of the hadith which are his notes and revelations as well as the sunnah which is the religious code 3. What is the literal meaning of the term Qur’an? a. that which is meant to be read 4. When and where was Muhammed born? a. 570 AD mecca 5. Briefly describe the Night of Power and Excellence. a. the night the Qur’an was revealed to the prophet muhammad PBUH 6. What is the Hijra, and why is it important? a. the hijrah was the journey from mecca to medina of muhhamad PBUH after early muslims faced persecution. this marks the beginning of the islamic calendar 7. Why is Muhammed referred to as the Seal of the Prophets? a. Islam is similar to a continuation of the other two abrahamic religions with the prophets Judaism, then the additional prophets of Christianity, and the last prophet muhammad forging Islam. 8. What is the Sunnah of the Prophet? a. moral code, actions of the prophet, interpretation of Qur’an 9. Why is Allah thought to be genderless? a. Allah is unlike anything represented on earth as an omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient being, he is all powerful and is unimaginable therefore he cannot be quantified by human characteristics. 10. Identify at least two of Islam’s prophets other than Muhammed. a. Isa(jesus) and Ibrahim(abraham) 11. Who is Ishmael, and what is his place in Islam? a. son of abraham that was almost sacrificed(celebrated through eid-al-adha) b. built the kaaba 12. How do Muslims interpret the Fall from perfection in the Garden of Eden? a. regular story except no original sin and they were forgiven but still had to live with the consequences 13. Briefly describe what Muslims expect to happen before and on the Day of Judgment. a. mahdi will appear alongside isa b. a false messiah will spread curroption c. sun will rise from the west d. trumpet from israfil(angel) e. all people living and dead will be gathered together f. they will be weighed with a cosmis scale using the book of deed then cross a bridge to heaven or fall in the middle 14. What is the Muslim view of the natural world? a. essential as the creator is in all creations and therefore must be taken care for 15. What determines inclusion in the Umma? a. beliefs and shahada 16. Identify two modern nations whose government is based on the Shari’a. a. saudi arabia b. iran 17. What is the English translation of the Muslim declaration of faith? a. there is no deity but god, and muhhamad is the messenger of god(shi’a muslims add Ali is the custodian of god) 18. Briefly describe the Muslim practice of daily prayer. a. facing the mecca, bowing, sunrise, midday, midafternoon, sunset, night 19. What is Ramadan? a. during the ninth month of the islamic calendar allah rewards you ten times more as the gates of hell are locked. (The islamic calendar follows the lunar cycles.) b. FASTING CYCLES suhoor(meals before dawn) →DAWN/FAHJR and fahjr prayer→FASTING→MAGHRIB/DUSK→dried dates like prophet→IFTAR c. Fasting because of discipline, health, 8-gates of paradise called ar-rayyan, reach taqwa and faith imaan d. oldies, sick, women pregnant, children, and people travelling are exceptions e. then eid-al-fitr for celebration 20. What is required of Muslims according to the pillar of sharing wealth? a. zakat 21. What is the hajj, and what is its religious significance? 22. Summarize two Muslim teachings on the care of the body. a. No use of intoxicants b. no animals with cruel death or death without invoking allah c. no pork 23. With regard to Muslim perspectives on women, what are the three specific points of contention commonly cited by critics? a. modesty b. general freedoms like driving and justice after murder(shia killings) c. inheritance laws and roles 24. Define the word jihad. a. holy war - used originally to define the moslem expansion yet know used by extremist groups to justify genocide and terrorism also means personal struggle 25. What was the extent of Islamic expansion one century after Muhammed’s death? a. abu-bakr, umar, uthman, ali b. concqured byzantine(syria and egypt), sassanian(persia), and north african (tunisia, algeria, morroco) empires as well as spain andj portugal c. central asia and india d. continued islamic expansion until the golden ages of islam 26. What is Sunnism? a. sunni branch of islam b. believe in inerrancy and are the more conservative of the branches  27. What is the meaning of the term shi’i? a. shi’i or shi’a refers to shiat ali meaning party of ali b. belief of infallible imam for religion and blood 28. Describe the figure of the Imam. a. prayer leader is said to be confident and wears head covering muezzin calls people to prayer by reciting the adhan and iqan in a tower called a minaret and they face an arch called mihrab to know where the mecca is. imam is a prayer leader adn on fridays he gives a speech called the kutbah on the minbar(pillar thing where ppl talk) Jihad: Spiritual struggle or holy war. Sunni/Shia: Two major branches of Islam. Ummah: Muslim community. Eid: Islamic festival. Caliph: Successor to Prophet Muhammad(SWT) Fatwa: Legal opinion or decree. Sunnah: Practices of Prophet Muhammad. Wudu: Ritual washing before prayer. Adhan: Call to prayer. Minaret: Tower of a mosque. Dawah: Islamic outreach/invitation. Taqwa: God-consciousness. Quiblah- a wall in the mosque that faces the Ka’ba in Mecca - prophet muhhamad was different from other prophets as he utilized the ummah(muslim community) for politics and military - created constitution for medina and seen as peacemaker/diplomat SUNNIS VERSUS SHIAHS SHIAHs - said mohamed gave a speech before his death stating his family and quran was what he left pointing towards ali as the caliph - 15% SUNNIS - 85% - believe that the prophet never proclaimmed how the ummah would be left after his death - support abu-bakr his friend as the main caliph