7th Grade Science Midterm Study Guide 2024-2025 PDF

MIDTERM EXAM 2024-25 - REVIEW GUIDE FOR SCIENCE ( GRADE 7) Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Part A: Elements 1. Know what is an Element A pure substance made up of one atom 2. Know atoms and molecules and how they are related to each other in elements...

MIDTERM EXAM 2024-25 - REVIEW GUIDE FOR SCIENCE ( GRADE 7) Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Part A: Elements 1. Know what is an Element A pure substance made up of one atom 2. Know atoms and molecules and how they are related to each other in elements and compounds Atom - basic unit of matter Molecule - made up of one or two atoms of the same element Relation - atoms cannot be broken down further but molecules can 3. Know how it is represented on periodic table letters 4. Know how elements are divided into three groups Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids 5. Know the property of each group Metals - shiny and luster surface Nonmetals - dull, can be gas solid or liquid Metalloids - located on the staircase, has both metal and nonmetal properties 6. Know the example of each group Metal - iron (Fe) Nonmetal - hydrogen (H) Metalloid - silicon (Si) 7. Know the vocabulary words - Malleability - can be shaped without breaking Ductility - can be drawn into a wire Lustrous - shiny physical properties - can be observed based on looks chemical properties - can be observed in a chemical reaction 8. Know what is a periodic table A table that organizes all elements into rows and columns 9. Know what is a compound A substance made from two or more elements that are chemically joined 10. Know the example of compounds Ex. 𝐻2𝑂 - Water, the 2 elements are hydrogen and oxygen 11. Know how to count the number of atoms in a compound. Ex. 𝐻2𝑂 - 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom = 3 atoms in total 12. Know how thermal energy changes states of matter By adding or removing heat 13. Know how many elements are in a compound and name each (name in the form of Symbol. For example- H2O has H and O. If you know the names, that is awesome!!) NaCl - 2 elements - Na and Cl 14. Know what is a molecule Molecule - made up of one or two atoms of the same element 15. Know what is a physical property physical properties - can be observed based on looks 16. Know what is a physical change Where the physical properties of matter change 17. Know the examples of physical change Ice melting into water 18. Know what is a chemical change When new substances are formed 19. Know the examples of chemical change Boiling an egg 20. Know what is a maillard reaction Chemical reaction when you cook something and it browns  21. Know the example of maillard reaction Baking a cake then it browns 22. Know the characteristics if chemical change AGAPE - altered molecules Gas formed Aroma, color changes Precipitate formed - (solid - liquid) Energy released or absorbed 23. Know what is aqueous solution When the solvent is water 24. Know the types of mixtures homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. 25. Know their definition Homogeneous - a mixture of substances blended so thoroughly that you cannot see individual substances Heterogeneous - opposite of homogeneous, you can see individual substances/ not blended well Speed , Velocity and Types of Forces Part A: Speed, Distance and Time: 26. Know what is speed Speed is the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time. 27. Know what is distance Total path covered by an object during its motion 28. Know what is time How long the object takes to travel a distance 29. Know their Units Speed - km/hr or mph Distance - meters or kilometers Time - hours and minutes and seconds 30. Know the conversion from one unit to another 1km -> 1000m 100cm -> 1m 31. Know the formula for speed Speed = distance / time 32. Know how to calculate average speed Overall speed of an object during a journey. 33. Know the formula for average speed Avg speed = total distance / total time 2. Velocity: 34. Know the differences between speed and velocity Speed is a scalar value that only measures how fast an object is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that measures both an object's speed and direction. 35. Know the examples of both and explain using an example Speed ex - a car traveling at "60 miles per hour velocity ex - a car traveling at 60 kilometers per hour north 3.Balanced and Unbalanced Forces a.Balanced Forces: Know what are balanced forces a situation where multiple forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, effectively canceling each other out and resulting in 0 Know the examples of it 2 people are pushing a table. They are both pushing it with 50N on each side. The table is not moving, resulting in 0. b.Unbalanced Forces Know what are unbalanced forces when the forces acting on an object are not equal in magnitude or direction, resulting in a net force that is not zero, causing the object to change its state of motion (speed up, slow down, and change direction) Know their examples 2 people are pushing a table. One person is pushing to the right with 100N, another person is pushing to the left with 50N. The table is moving to the right. Know newton’s 1st law of motion An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.  Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium 36. Know what is thermal equilibrium When two temperatures balance out and the heat from the warmer object goes to the cooler object making them the same temperature. 37. Know different methods by which energy is transferred Conduction, convection, and radiation 38. Know what is thermal expansion When things become hotter and get bigger 39. Know the units of measuring temperature Fahrenheit, celsius, and kelvin The Cell - Types, Structure and Functions Know the Cell theory CELL THEORY: 3 PARTS 1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells 2. All cells come from preexisting cells 3. Cell is the basic unit of life Know who discovered the cell Robert Hooke discovered the cell Know the different types of cells Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Know the examples of each types of cells Eukaryotic: animals, plants, and fungi Prokaryotic: bacteria and archaea Know what is a plant cell Building blocks of plants Know what is an animal cell A type of eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall Know prokaryotic and eukaryotic differences prokaryotic eukaryotic 1. unicellular 1. multicellular 2. one membrane 2. two membranes 3. no nucleus 3. has a nucleus 4. smaller and simpler 4. more complex 5. no membrane-bound organelles 5. membrane-bound organelles Know the names of different organelles for both plant and animal cells + functions Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Nucleus Vacuoles Lysosome Centrioles Chloroplast Cell membrane  Nucleolus Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cell wall FUNCTIONS: Endoplasmic reticulum - makes proteins and lipids Mitochondria - makes energy for the cell Golgi apparatus - sorts proteins Ribosomes - makes protein Nucleus - stores genetic information Vacuoles - stores water in plant cells Lysosome - breaks down unwanted material Chloroplast - Makes food using the process of photosynthesis Cell membrane - A thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from its environment Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes Plasma membrane - separates the cell from the environment Cytoplasm - The interior contents of the cell Cell wall - Rigid barrier that protects the cell Human Body Systems 40. Know the different systems of the human body and why are they classified as systems? 1. circulatory system 2. respiratory system 3. skeletal system 4. muscular system 5. digestive system 6. excretory system 7. reproductive system 8. Integumentary system 9. nervous system 10. endocrine system 41. Know the functions of the circulatory system? transport oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body, while removing waste products like carbon dioxide. Heart and blood vessels 42. Know the function(s) of the respiratory system? take in oxygen from the environment and take out carbon dioxide. Lungs, diaphragm, throat, nose, mouth, and voicebox. 43. Know function(s) of the skeletal system? To support the body, facilitate movement, protect internal organs, produce blood cells, and store minerals like calcium. Bones and ligaments. 44. Know the function(s) of the muscular system? movement, posture maintenance, joint stability, and heat production. muscles. 45. Know function(s) of the digestive system? break down food into smaller, absorbable components (like nutrients) by a process called digestion. mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine and anus 46. Know the function(s) of the excretory system? remove waste products, like urea and excess water, from the body through urine 47. Know the function(s) of the reproductive system? To produce offspring 48. Know the function(s) of the integumentary system? protect the body from physical damage, regulate body temperature. skin 49. Know the function(s) of the nervous system send messages from various parts of your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body to tell your body what to do. Brain and spinal cord 50. Know the function(s) of the endocrine system? to produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream. pancreas