Concepts of Prevention in Dentistry PDF

Concepts of Prevention in Dentistry Associate Professor Dr Nurul Asyikin Yahya BDS, MSc, DDPHRCS, PhD Department of Family Oral Health Faculty of Dentistry, UKM nurulasyi...

Concepts of Prevention in Dentistry Associate Professor Dr Nurul Asyikin Yahya BDS, MSc, DDPHRCS, PhD Department of Family Oral Health Faculty of Dentistry, UKM [email protected] NAY_DEC23 1 Lecture outline Definition of prevention in dentistry. Objectives of prevention Levels of prevention Prevention of dental diseases The impact of dental caries on individuals: Disability, handicap, rehabilitation NAY_DEC23 2 Prevention in Dentistry Prevention in dentistry refers to the systematic application of measures and strategies to avoid the development, progression, or recurrence of dental diseases and conditions. This proactive approach involves a combination of patient education, lifestyle modifications, routine examinations, and interventions designed to diminish risk factors associated with oral health issues. NAY_DEC23 3 Prevention in Dentistry Prevention in dentistry encompasses a broad spectrum of activities, including promoting optimal oral hygiene practices, advocating for healthy dietary choices, and implementing preventive treatments such as fluoride applications and dental sealants. Prevention in dentistry aligns with the philosophy of preserving natural teeth, reducing the need for extensive dental interventions, and promoting the long-term well-being of individuals. NAY_DEC23 4 Goal of prevention The overarching goal is to empower individuals to actively maintain their oral health, identify potential issues early on, and work collaboratively with dental professionals to minimise the impact of dental diseases. NAY_DEC23 5 The primary objectives 6 1. Promoting Optimal Oral Health Encouraging individuals to adopt and maintain proper oral hygiene practices. Educating patients about the importance of a balanced diet and its impact on oral health. Emphasizing the role of lifestyle choices, such as tobacco cessation and limiting alcohol intake, in promoting optimal oral well -being. NAY_DEC23 6 The primary objectives 2. Preventing the Onset of Dental Diseases Implementing primary prevention measures to eliminate or reduce risk factors for dental diseases. Advocating for community-based interventions like water fluoridation to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Applying dental sealants to protect vulnerable surfaces from decay. NAY_DEC23 7 The primary objectives 3. Early Detection of Oral Health Issues Conducting routine dental check-ups and screenings to identify signs of dental diseases at their earliest stages. Utilizing diagnostic tools, including X-rays and visual examinations, to detect hidden or developing issues. NAY_DEC23 8 The primary objectives 4. Minimising the Progression of Dental Diseases Implementing secondary prevention strategies to treat and manage dental diseases in their early stages. initial stage Providing non-invasive interventions for incipient cavities, such as fluoride treatments or remineralisation agents. Offering periodontal treatments to address early signs of gum disease. NAY_DEC23 9 The primary objectives 5. Reducing the Need for Extensive Dental Interventions Emphasizing proactive care to prevent the development of advanced dental diseases. Encouraging adherence to preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of requiring complex restorative or surgical procedures. NAY_DEC23 10 The primary objectives 6. Empowering Patients through Education Equipping individuals with knowledge about oral health, preventive practices, and the impact of lifestyle choices. Fostering a sense of responsibility and active participation in one's oral health journey. NAY_DEC23 11 The primary objectives 7. Improving Overall Well-Being Recognizing the interconnectedness of oral health with systemic health and well-being. Collaborating with patients to establish a comprehensive preventive dental care plan that aligns with their overall health goals. NAY_DEC23 12 Levels of prevention In dentistry, preventive measures are often categorised into three levels to address different stages of disease development and promote overall oral health. These levels are primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. NAY_DEC23 13 Primary Prevention Definition: Primary prevention in dentistry focuses on preventing the onset of dental diseases and promoting general oral health. It aims to eliminate or reduce risk factors before any disease manifests. Examples: Community water fluoridation to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent tooth decay. Promotion of proper oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing. Application of dental sealants to protect the chewing surfaces of molars from cavities. Education campaigns encouraging a low-sugar diet to reduce the risk of dental caries. NAY_DEC23 14 Secondary Prevention Definition: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat dental diseases in their early stages, preventing their progression and minimising potential complications. Examples: Regular dental check-ups and screenings to identify early signs of decay, gum disease, or oral cancer. Diagnostic tools like X-rays to detect hidden cavities or issues between teeth. Early intervention through non-invasive treatments for incipient cavities, such as fluoride therapy or remineralisation agents. NAY_DEC23 15 Tertiary Prevention: Definition: Tertiary prevention is focused on managing and preventing the progression of advanced dental diseases and complications. It aims to restore oral health and function after the disease has developed. Examples: Restorative procedures like dental fillings, crowns, or bridges to repair damaged teeth. Periodontal treatments for advanced gum disease, such as scaling and root planning. Prosthodontic interventions like dental implants or dentures to replace missing teeth. Rehabilitation following oral surgery or treatments for oral cancers. NAY_DEC23 16 Prevention of Dental Diseases Dental Caries NAY_DEC23 17  Methods of prevention for caries Which of these are examples of a primary level of prevention? What would be examples of secondary and tertiary levels of prevention? Water Fluoridation Fluoride toothpaste Fluoride mouthwash Host Topical F application Fissure sealant Resistant Reduce carbohydrate intake Diet Plaque Oral hygiene practices Artificial sweeteners (use Dental prophylaxis with caution) control control Patient motivation Control patterns of food consumption NAY_DEC23 18  pemulihan Rehabilitation Rehabilitation in the context of dental caries involves interventions and treatments aimed at restoring oral health and minimising the functional limitations and disadvantages associated with the condition. Rehabilitation strategies may include: 1. Restorative Treatments: Dental fillings, crowns, or other restorative procedures to repair damaged teeth affected by caries. 2. Prosthodontic Interventions: Replacement of missing teeth with dental implants, bridges, or dentures. 3. Periodontal Treatment: Addressing gum disease, a common consequence of advanced dental caries, through scaling, root planning, or other periodontal procedures. 4. Pain Management: Addressing pain associated with dental caries through appropriate pain relief measures. 5. Patient Education: Empowering individuals with knowledge and skills to prevent further decay, maintain oral hygiene, and make lifestyle choices that support oral health. NAY_DEC23 19 The impact of dental caries Disability: In dental caries, disability refers to the functional limitations or impairments caused by cavities or other oral health issues. Disabilities may include pain, difficulty chewing, speaking, or maintaining oral hygiene. The severity of the disability can vary depending on the extent and progression of dental caries. NAY_DEC23 20 The impact of dental caries Handicap: Handicap refers to the social, economic, or personal disadvantages individuals with dental caries may experience. This can include limitations in daily activities, challenges in social interactions, and potential barriers to education or employment due to oral health issues. The impact of dental caries on one's quality of life and overall well -being contributes to the handicap associated with the condition. NAY_DEC23 21 Conclusion The prevention concepts in dentistry embody a comprehensive and proactive approach to maintaining optimal oral health. Through primary prevention, efforts are directed at eliminating or minimising risk factors before dental diseases manifest. This involves education, community-based interventions, and lifestyle modifications. Secondary prevention emphasises early detection and intervention to halt the progression of diseases in their initial stages, employing regular check-ups, diagnostic tools, and targeted interventions. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and preventing the progression of advanced diseases, aiming to restore oral health and function. NAY_DEC23 22  Books to read! 1. Murray, J.J., Nunn, J.H., & Steele, J.G. (2003). The prevention of oral disease. 2. Daly, Blánaid, and others. Essential Dental Public Health (Oxford, 2013) 3. Alison Chapman, Simon H. Felton. Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion, 3rd Edition. NAY_DEC23 23