Computer Architecture Lecture 1 PDF

Computer Architecture William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 10th Edition Lecture1 →architecture and performance Lecture3 →main memory Lecture4 → cash memory Lecture5 →control unit Lecture6 →Parallelism By Dr Hussein Omran, akhbar El Yom Academy, Egyp...

Computer Architecture William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 10th Edition Lecture1 →architecture and performance Lecture3 →main memory Lecture4 → cash memory Lecture5 →control unit Lecture6 →Parallelism By Dr Hussein Omran, akhbar El Yom Academy, Egypt  Computer Architecture Lecture1 →Chapter 1&2 —Introduction —Function and structure —Performance By Dr Hussein Omran, akhbar El Yom Academy, Egypt 2020  contents 1. Basic computer organization and design 2. program logic and organization 3. Computer performance 4. Assembly language 5. Memory organization 6. Central processor organization 7. Micro program control organization 8. Arithmetic processor design and algorithms 9. Pipeline and vector processing Objective 1. To understand why and how assembly language operate. 2. Identify role of each component and distinguish its effect 3. purpose and collaboration to execute computer instructions 4. Develop a simple application using assembly language 5. Implement in projects using assembly language (AI, Robotics, ML, )  The word computer is derived from word compute means to calculate, defined super fast calculator Application in industry, agriculture, learning, health, aviation, problem solving, recognition, movies, games communications, mathematics in physics, chemistry, doing business, artificial intelligence, communication,.. Embedded system is computer hardware system with software designed to perform a dedicated function to Robotics to create intelligent machine deals operation of computer systems to control, sensory feedback, and information processing assist humans in a variety of ways But where did this technology come from Possible Organization of an Embedded System Growth in Transistor, logic, memory, cpu  Introduction: computer components Computer: programmable machine accepts data raw, and figures and processes it to information can be use. Components of computer 1.Input: What goes into the computer to process. 2.Processing execute instructions on input operand ‘data’ 3.Temporary Storage: store what going to do (program) registers: to store instruction and data during execution. 4.Output: Numbers or pictures on screen, printouts,… System Software programs control function of computer 1.Operating System: control and manage resources 2.Utility Program: virus protection, compression, backup 3.Application programs: make a computer useful Microsoft Word, a word processing program, and Adobe 4.User programs: application instructions made by user Processor management Operating System Memory Management Utility Software File Management Computer Device Management Software Application Software Device Drivers User program applications Language Processor  User program to solve a problem Algorithm: step by step procedures to solve a problem Programming: convert algorithm to list of commands called high level language into text files “source code” as C++, python, java Processor is a logic gate controlled by strings (1or 0) Each processors family has Instruction Set Architecture for operations called ISA High level language by compiler Executable By HW results Machine language  Machine Instructions and assembly Programs Compiler convert source code high level language to machine language where Computer parts executes each instruction sequentially by machine language (or code), 1011000, 100001 By difficulty to programmer, symbolic representation of Assembly Language is low level language in symbolic code called mnemonics and more understandable form Instruction divided two fields, opcode and operand fields Assembler Machine code 0000 100111 011010 1111 010101 101011 What Do perand source destination Detail Structure of IAS instruction architecture set 1.Instruction address calculation: Determine the address of the next instruction to be executed. 2.Instruction fetch: Read instruction from its memory into processor. 3.Instruction operation decoding: Analyze instruction to determine type of operation and operand to be used. 4.Operand address calculation: If operation include reference to an operand in memory or I/O, then determine the address of the operand. 5.Operand fetch: Fetch operand from memory or read in I/O 6.Data operation: Perform operation indicated in instruction. 7.Operand store: Write result into memory or out to I/O.  Instruction Register Elements The instruction register contains the currently executing instruction – holds instruction while it is being decoded – opcode field provides input to control indicating operation to perform – contains addresses of operands to be used in operation – contains destination address of result – contains information about addressing modes to be used Register in the CPU which contains the actual current instruction. Simple 16-bit example: Instruction Elements Op Code + Address 8 4 4 OP code Source Dest What To Do Location of Data 1101 101101100100 addressing techniques, or modes: