Computer Architecture lec1

What is the primary purpose of an embedded system?

What does architecture in computer organization primarily refer to?

Which of the following components is essential for executing computer instructions?

In the context of computer performance, what is NOT a focus area generally considered?

What is a key objective in learning assembly language?

Which component of a computer is responsible for executing instructions on input data?

What does a compiler do in the context of programming languages?

Which of the following terms describes the step-by-step procedures used to solve a problem?

In which stage of instruction processing does the processor analyze the instruction to determine the type of operation?

What is the role of utility programs in a computer system?

What is an operand in the context of instruction execution?

What is an example of a high-level programming language?

What is the primary function of an operating system within computer software?

Introduction

Computers are programmable machines that process raw data and figures into usable information.
Embedded systems are computer hardware systems designed for a specific function, like robotics.

Computer Components

Input: Provides data to the computer for processing.
Processing: Executes instructions on the received input.
Temporary Storage: Stores program instructions during execution using registers.
Output: Displays processed information, such as on a screen or printout.

System Software

Operating System: Controls and manages computer resources.
Utility Programs: Perform tasks like virus protection, compression, and backup.
Application Programs: Enhance computer usability, such as Microsoft Word.
User Programs: Instructions written by the user to solve a specific problem.

Algorithms and Programming Languages

Algorithm: Step-by-step procedures to solve a problem.
Programming: Converting algorithms into commands using programming languages like C++, Python, and Java.
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA): A set of operations understood by a specific processor family.

Machine Instructions and Assembly Language

Compiler: Converts high-level programming languages into machine language.
Machine Language: Consists of binary codes (0s and 1s) executed by computer hardware.
Assembly Language: Low-level language using symbolic codes called mnemonics, making programming more understandable.
Assembly Language Instructions: Divided into opcode and operand fields.

IAS Instruction Architecture

Determines the address of the next instruction.
Fetches the instruction from memory.
Decodes the instruction to identify the operation and operands.
Calculates the operand address if needed.
Fetches the operand from memory or I/O.
Performs the operation specified in the instruction.
Stores the result in memory or outputs it to I/O.

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of computer systems, including components like input, processing, and output. It also explores system software such as operating systems and utility programs, as well as the basics of algorithms and programming languages. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to process data.