Organizational Theories PDF

**1. Organizational Theories** Organizational theories explain how organizations work, focusing on structure, efficiency, and people. **a. Classical Theories** - **What is it?**\ Focuses on strict structure, clear hierarchy, and efficiency in tasks. - **Key Proponents**: - **F...

**1. Organizational Theories** Organizational theories explain how organizations work, focusing on structure, efficiency, and people. **a. Classical Theories** - **What is it?**\ Focuses on strict structure, clear hierarchy, and efficiency in tasks. - **Key Proponents**: - **Frederick Taylor**: Believed in breaking tasks into small parts for efficiency (*Scientific Management*). - **Henri Fayol**: Introduced 14 principles of management, like division of work, authority, and discipline (*Administrative Theory*). - **Max Weber**: Focused on rules, authority, and a structured chain of command (*Bureaucracy*). - **Key Points to Remember**: Think of this as a factory setup: clear roles, rules, and focus on productivity. **b. Neoclassical Theories** - **What is it?**\ Highlights the importance of workers\' emotions and group dynamics in the workplace. - **Key Proponents**: - **Elton Mayo**: Discovered that workers perform better when they feel cared for (*Hawthorne Studies*). - **Chester Barnard**: Focused on cooperation among people in an organization (*Cooperative Systems*). - **Key Points to Remember**: This theory treats workers like people, not machines. **c. Modern Theories** - **What is it?**\ Brings systems thinking, flexibility, and adaptability to management. - **Key Proponents**: - **Peter Drucker**: Stressed the importance of goal-setting (*Management by Objectives*). - **Herbert Simon**: Emphasized rational decision-making within limits (*Bounded Rationality*). - **Key Points to Remember**: Modern theories focus on adapting to change and improving decision-making. **d. Postmodern Theories** - **What is it?**\ Focuses on diversity, decentralization, and different perspectives. - **Key Proponents**: - **Michael Foucault**: Highlighted how power works in organizations. - **Gareth Morgan**: Used metaphors (e.g., organizations as cultures or organisms) to understand them. - **Key Points to Remember**: It's about breaking traditional structures and looking at organizations in new ways. **1. Organizational Theories** **Mnemonic**: **\"Clever New Methods Prevail\"** - **C** - Classical (Taylor, Fayol, Weber) - **N** - Neoclassical (Mayo, Barnard) - **M** - Modern (Drucker, Simon) - **P** - Postmodern (Foucault, Morgan) **Quick Concept Mnemonic for Organizational Theories**:\ **\"Structure First, People Next, Change More, Perspectives Perfect!\"** - Structure = Classical - People = Neoclassical - Change = Modern - Perspectives = Postmodern