Complementary Feeding for Babies PDF

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING 02 Learning Objectives Be able to appreciate the importance of complementary feeding Be knowledgeable on complementary foods that could be used to augment nutritional requirement needed by an infant and young child 04 05  Wha...

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING 02 Learning Objectives Be able to appreciate the importance of complementary feeding Be knowledgeable on complementary foods that could be used to augment nutritional requirement needed by an infant and young child 04 05  What is COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING? Complementary feeding is defined as the process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed, along with breast milk (Shivakumar, 2023). What are the necessary criteria to ensure that COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING meets its purpose? What are the necessary criteria to ensure that COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING meets its purpose? 10 Timing (Timeliness) It refers to the period of starting the complementary feeding during the 6th month onwards Breastmilk sufficient to promote growth and development till 6 months Energy and nutrient gap appears after 6 months and widens thereafter The infant’s development and behavior make him ready for complementary food control over head and neck ability to sit up, either alone or supported automatic opening of mouth upon an approaching spoon bringing of object/s to the mouth shows grasping of objects such as toys and foods transferring food from the front to the back of the tongue to swallow swallowing food instead of pushing it back onto the chin chewing movements start 11 Timing of Complementary Food 12 Timing of Complementary Food 13 Timing of Complementary Food Disadvantages of adding foods too soon Decreases the intake of breast milk resulting in a low-nutrient diet Increases risk of illness especially diarrhea or gastrointestinal infections Disadvantages of adding foods too late Growth and development slow down or stops Risk of deficiencies and malnutrition 14 Timing of Complementary Food Wrap-Up 14 Timing of Complementary Food Wrap-Up Complementary feeding should begin soon after completing 6 months of age along with continued breastfeeding. 15 Adequate (Adequacy) This means that the complementary food is able to provide enough energy, protein, and micronutrients to meet the nutritional needs of infants: QUALITY (CONSISTENCY and VARIATION/DIVERSITY), FREQUENCY and AMOUNT. 16 Adequacy: Quality: Diversity of Complementary Food The dietary composition should be high in energy density with a balanced protein composition, vitamins and minerals. Minimum dietary diversity is met when infants receive foods from the following food groups: 17 Adequacy: Quality: Diversity of Complementary Food 18 Adequacy: Quality: Consistency of Complementary Food 6-8 months complementary food should be thick enough that it coats the spoon by 8 months, you may start giving finger foods 9-11 and 12-24 months finely chopped family foods, finger foods or sliced foods 19 Adequacy: Frequency and Amount 20 Adequacy of Complementary Food Wrap-Up 20 Adequacy of Complementary Food Wrap-Up Complementary feeding should be of right consistency, energy- dense, and diverse to provide all the nutrient demands of a growing child. 21 Safe Complementary Feeding a lot of considerations should be taken to ensure the safety of the growing infant as discussed by USDA (2019): hygienic feeding to prevent infections and not compromise food’s nut hypersensitivities/allergies food intolerances other adverse reactions 22 Safe Complementary Feeding Hypersensitivities/Allergies An adverse health effect arising from specific immune response from food source. Food Intolerances The difficulty in digesting food caused by an enzyme deficiency, a toxin, or a disease involving the immune system: lactose intolerance and celiac disease. Other Adverse Reactions food additives such as food colorings natural components such as caffeine or fiber substances or microorganisms that cause food poisoning 23 Safe Complementary Feeding Wrap-Up 23 Safe Complementary Feeding Wrap-Up Foods should be prepared, stored, and fed hygienically to the children, considering the possible allergens and intolerances. 24 Appropriateness and Active Feeding/Properly Fed Appropriateness When preparing food for infants, parents must do a lot of modifications to suit the child’s capability to eat and digest the food being given, thus, considerations on the SIZE and SHAPE of the food are important. Active Feeding/Properly Fed When feeding infants, parents must employ feeding techniques to encourage infants to eat the complementary food. 25 Appropriateness: Shape and Size of Complementary Food Chop into small squares not larger than half an inch (pasta, bread, or cooked vegetables Cylindrical-shaped foods must be cut into strips or may be softened first by cooking and cutting it into strips after Cylindrical-shaped foods must be cut into strips or may be softened first by cooking and cutting it into strips after Cheese must be grated first or cut into thin strips Spherical-shaped foods must be cut in half lengthwise and further cut into strips 26 Appropriateness: Active Feeding/Properly Fed Feed infants directly and assist older toddlers; be sensitive to hunger and satiety cues Feed patiently; encourage but do not force If child refuses, experiment with different food combinations, tastes, textures Minimize distractions during meals Talk to child during feeding; maintain eye contact 27 Appropriateness and Active Feeding/Properly Fed Wrap-Up 27 Appropriateness and Active Feeding/Properly Fed Wrap-Up Parents should be vigilant when giving food to infants as any size could become a choking hazard Infants should be fed patiently, giving adequate attention and time.