Competent Ethical Practice & Healthcare Team Relationships PDF

Lecturer Dr/ Fatma Mohamed Abdelhamid  Objectives  By the end of this lecture the students will be able to:  Recognize the Principles and Ethical Responsibilities of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs).  Understand the purpose of the ethical practice environments  Explain how t...

Lecturer Dr/ Fatma Mohamed Abdelhamid  Objectives  By the end of this lecture the students will be able to:  Recognize the Principles and Ethical Responsibilities of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs).  Understand the purpose of the ethical practice environments  Explain how to achieve the ethical practice environments  Outlines  The Principles and Ethical Responsibilities of Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs)  1. Responsibility to the Public  2. Responsibility to Clients  3. Responsibility to the Profession  4. Responsibility to Colleagues  5. Responsibility to Oneself  Ethical practice environments The Principles and Ethical Responsibilities of (LPNs)  1. Responsibility to the Public  2. Responsibility to Clients  3. Responsibility to the Profession  4. Responsibility to Colleagues  5. Responsibility to Oneself PRINCIPLE 1: Responsibility to the Public As self-regulating professionals, commit to provide safe,  effective, and ethical care to members of the public.  Maintain standards of practice, professional competence, and conduct.  Provide only those functions for which they are qualified by education or experience.  Demonstrate an understanding that community, society, and the environment are important factors in the health of individual clients.   Respect the rights of all individuals regardless of their diverse values, beliefs, and cultures.  Provide care directed toward the health and well- being of the person, family, and community.  Collaborate 2 with clients, their families (to the extent appropriate to the client’s right to confidentiality), and health care colleagues to promote the health and well- being of individuals, families, and the public. PRINCIPLE 2: Responsibility to Clients  Provide safe and competent care for their clients.  1. Respect the right and responsibility of clients to be informed and make decisions about their health care.  Respect and support client choices.  Assist and support client participation in making decisions about their health and wellbeing.   Respect and adhere to the jurisdictional legislation on capacity assessment and substitute decision-making when the client is  incapable of consent.  Consider with other health care professionals and substitute decision-makers the best interests of the client and any previously known wishes or advanced directives that apply in situations where the client is incapable of consent.  2. Advocate for the client to receive fair and equitable access to needed and reasonably available health services and resources.  3. Respect and protect client privacy and hold in confidence information disclosed except in certain narrowly defined exceptions.  Safeguard health and personal information by collecting, storing, using, and disclosing it in compliance with relevant legislation and employer policies.  Report any situation where private or confidential information is accessed or disclosed without appropriate consent or legal authority, whether deliberately or through error.  Ensure that any discussion/communication (verbal, written or electronic) is respectful and does not identify the client unless appropriate.  Maintain professional boundaries in the use of electronic media.  4. Act promptly and appropriately in response to harmful conditions and situations, including disclosing safety issues to appropriate authorities.  5. Report to appropriate authorities and take other action in a timely manner to ensure a client’s safety and quality of care.  6. Provide care to each client recognizing their individuality and their right to choose.  7. Develop trusting, therapeutic relationships, while maintaining professional boundaries.  8. Use evidence and judgement to guide nursing decisions.  9. Identify and minimize risks to clients.  10. Apply new knowledge, technology, and scientific advances to promote safety, client satisfaction and well- being. PRINCIPLE 3: Responsibility to the Profession  Licensed Practical Nurses have a commitment to their profession and foster the respect and trust of their clients, health care colleagues and the public.  Maintain the standards of the profession and conduct themselves in a manner that upholds the integrity of the profession.  Participate in activities allowing the profession to evolve to meet emerging healthcare needs.  Practice in a manner that is consistent with the responsibility of self-regulation.  Promote workplace practices and policies that facilitate professional practice in accordance with the principles, standards, laws, and regulations under which they are accountable. PRINCIPLE 4: Responsibility to Colleagues  Develop and maintain positive, collaborative relationships with nursing colleagues and other health professionals.  Take appropriate action to address the unprofessional conduct of other members of the interprofessional team.  Collaborate with colleagues in a cooperative, constructive, and respectful manner with the primary goal of providing safe, competent, ethical, and appropriate care to individuals, families, and communities.  Engage in opportunities to inform colleagues and other health professionals about the LPN role and capabilities.  Acknowledge colleagues’ roles and their unique contribution to the inter-professional team.  Respect the expertise of colleagues and share own expertise and knowledge. PRINCIPLE 5: Responsibility to Self  Recognize and function within their personal and professional competence and value systems.  Demonstrate honesty, integrity, and trustworthiness in all interactions.  Recognize their capabilities and limitations and perform only the nursing functions that fall within their scope of practice and for which they possess the required knowledge, skills, and judgement.  Accept responsibility for knowing and acting consistently with the principles, practice standards, laws, and regulations under which they are accountable.  Inform the appropriate authority in the event of becoming unable to practise safely, competently and/or ethically.  Engage in opportunities for career-long learning to continuously develop the competencies required to meet the ethical and regulatory requirements of the profession.  Maintain the required mental and physical wellness to meet the responsibilities of their role. Ethical Practice Environments  1. To underscore the nurse’s commitment to create, sustain, and continuously improve the ethical workplace environment in all practice settings.  2. To support nurses by offering tools and resources with which they can fulfil that commitment. Organizational leaders must take the following actions:  1. Provide ongoing education in ethics concepts and ethical practice for nurses in all roles and all settings.  2. Strongly encourage use of the Code as an ethical framework for nursing.  3. Demonstrate zero tolerance of lateral violence for nurse safety and well-being.  4. Create safe spaces for discussing ethics issues  Every nurse must learn about the existing resources in their practice setting for resolving situations involving ethical conflicts, learn how to use them, and collaborate with colleagues at all levels to institute approaches to such conflict resolution as needed. Approaches include:  a. Establishment of an ethics consult service  b. Creation of ethics committees  c. Policy development, such as  1. culture policies  2. End-of-life treatment policies, including those that minimize unwanted, or unnecessary medical treatment and patient suffering Definition of team: A team is defined as two or more individuals who work  together to achieve specified and shared goals, have task- specific competencies and specialized work roles, use shared resources, and communicate to coordinate and to adapt to change  Teamwork refers to the behaviors (e.g., communicating and sharing information, checking for understanding), attitudes (e.g., belief in the collective ability of the team and need for teamwork), and cognitions (e.g., shared mental models) teams use to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate their efforts to achieve shared, collective goals  An effective teamwork is essential for patient safety:  An effective teamwork is essential for patient safety as it minimizes adverse events caused by miscommunication with others caring for the patient, and misunderstandings of roles and responsibilities.  teamwork processes within health care is important because the quality of teamwork is associated with the quality and safety of care delivery systems. Health care teams:   Health care teams involve physicians, nurses, social workers and other health care professionals — all of whom play various clinical and administrative roles in the care of a single patient at one or several sites of care. Characteristics of health care teams:  the team members need to share certain characteristics, which include:  Trust.  Respect.  Collaboration.  Possess specialized knowledge and skills and often function under high-workload conditions.  Know their role and the roles of others in the team(s) and interact with one another to achieve a common goal.  Act as a collective unit, as a result of the interdependency of the tasks performed by team members.  Possess specialized and complementary knowledge and skills. Benefits of effective teamwork:  a. Organizational benefits:  - Reduced time and costs of hospitalization.  - Reduction in unexpected admissions.  - Services are better accessible to patients.  b. Team benefits:  - Improved coordination of care.  - Efficient use of health-care services.  - Enhanced communication and professional diversity.  c. Patient benefits:  - Enhanced satisfaction with care.  - Acceptance of treatment.  - Improved health outcomes and quality of care Reduced medical errors.  d. Benefits to team members:  - Enhanced job satisfaction.  - Greater role clarity.  - Enhanced well-being. Components of Successful Teamwork :  Open communication  Clear direction  Clear and known roles and tasks for team members  Respectful atmosphere  Shared responsibility for team success  Appropriate balance of member participation for the task at hand  Clear specifications regarding authority and accountability  Clear and known decision making procedures  Regular and routine communication and information sharing  Enabling environment, including access to needed resources  Mechanism to evaluate outcomes and adjust accordingly Different types of teams can be identified in health care systems:  1. Core teams  These are directly involved in caring for the patient.  They usually consist of team leaders and members who are direct-care providers such as nurses, dentists, pharmacists, doctors, assistants…etc. They also include case managers.  2. Coordinating teams  The group responsible for operational management, coordinating functions and resource management for core teams.  3. Contingency teams - Formed to deal with emergencies or specific events (e.g. cardiac-arrest teams, disaster-response teams,. etc).  4. Ancillary teams/services - The group supports services that facilitate patient care such as cleaners or domestic staff.  key relationships for the provision of humane and healthcare:  1. Nurse’s relationship with self.  2. Relationships with team members.  3. Relationships with patients and families. Enhanced professional relationships and communication skills influence patient care outcomes  Inter-professional collaboration and open communication can only strengthen and improve the delivery of safe, consistent, and efficient patient care. Healthy relationships increase nurses’ ability to make care decisions based on ethical principles. Role of nurse as part of a collaborative healthcare team:  Nurses are positioned to lead and partner in teams that provide services across the continuum of care (hospitals, ambulatory care, public health, schools, long-term care, and home health).  Communication in teams is more than just efficient work. It allows everyone on the team to be educated on any topic that may affect their work. Moreover, it develops trust, the team members,, and helps employees stay engaged in the workplace. Collaboration between health care team:  Collaboration between physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals increases team members’ awareness of each others’ type of knowledge and skills, leading to continued improvement in decision making. Nurse-physician collaboration can be defined as  interactions between nurses and physicians that work together to achieve shared problem-solving, decision- making, communication and coordination. Common Barriers to Inter-professional Communication and Collaboration :  Differences in requirements, regulations, and norms of professional education  Differences in accountability, payment, and rewards  Concerns regarding clinical responsibility  Complexity of care  Personal values and expectations  Personality differences  Culture and ethnicity  Generational differences  Gender  Differences in language  Differences in schedules and professional routines  Varying levels of preparation, qualifications Strategies for Effective Health Communication  Be Humble  Ask Open-Ended Questions  Speak in Plain Language  Keep Communications Confidential  Communicate Like a Leader in Healthcare Settings Thank You