Communication Models and Forms PDF

Communication Models and Forms  Shannon and Weaver Communication Model The first major model for communication. The model was designed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949 mirroring radio and telephone technologies.  Shannon and Weaver Communication Model 1. source, which is the...

Communication Models and Forms  Shannon and Weaver Communication Model The first major model for communication. The model was designed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949 mirroring radio and telephone technologies.  Shannon and Weaver Communication Model 1. source, which is the producer of the message 2. transmitter, which encodes the message into signals 3. channel, which adapts signals for transmission 4. and feedback, where the message arrives. 5. There could be an interference or noise in the transmission of the message.  SMCR Communication Model designed by David Berlo in 1960 which is an expansion of the Shannon and Weaver communication model. The participants in the communication process (the sender and the receiver) are governed by factors like communication skills, attitude, knowledge, social system, and culture when they communicate. The message includes factors like content, elements, structure and codes  Schramm Communication Model Designed by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 which describes communication along different major dimensions. It outlines what types of things are communicated (message), by whom (sender), in which form (form), through which medium (channel), and to whom (receiver).  Schramm Communication Model Message has an impact to the receiver, which could either be desirable/undesirable. Communication may include sharing of knowledge and ideas, giving of advice or commands, or asking questions, among others. This model shows that communication is a social interaction where the communicators share a common set of understanding or interpretation of the message  Transactional Communication Model Proposed by Barnlund in 1970, and it posits that how the individual communicates determines the way the message will be interpreted. Both the sender and the receiver have their own personal filters when they send or receive messages. These filters may include factors like gender, age, culture, and value system, among many others, which may alter the intended meaning of the message. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL There is conscious interaction between a sender and a receiver to generate meaning. The people involved engage in a transaction makes the communication simultaneous. Verbal Communication It makes use of language in expressing ideas or emotions. Communicators utilize speech to express or communicate what they wish to say or communicate. Verbal Communication Written Communication. If you need a permanent record or proof of the interaction, if the content of your message is complex and confidential, and if you want a formal response The spoken communication is more fluid and simultaneous. Nonverbal Communication Does not make use of language to communicate. Other than words, nonverbal communication involves body language, gestures, appearance, and silence. There are types of nonverbal communication, namely proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, and haptics. Types of Nonverbal Communication Proxemics Kinesics Chronemics Haptics  Proxemics The signs and signals we convey to others using our personal and social space. We determine these signs and signals based on the situation, such as work or school, or how close the relationships are to us. As an example, proxemics determines intimacy between people, but this is not the case if you are on a train full of people. Kinesics Kinesics refers to the use of body parts, such as hands, arms, body, and face movements, in communicating ideas or emotions. We interpret a great deal of meaning through body movement. However, communication through body language might be interpreted differently in different settings and cultures, so be cautious. For instance, some cultures value eye contact in communication, while others view it as a sign of disrespect.  Chronemics Chronemics looks at how people use time. It enables us to comprehend how people conceptualize and organize time in their interactions and interpersonal relationships. Another example is that punctuality reveals a lot about someone's interest, so if you arrive late for an interview, you know what the interviewer will think of you. Haptics Haptics refers to the use of the sense of touch in communication. In interpersonal interactions, haptics play a key role in expressing physical intimacy. But similar to kinesics, communication through touch might be interpreted differently in different settings and cultures, so be cautious. Wrap Up Verbal communication refers to communication that makes use of language in expressing ideas or emotions. Other than words, nonverbal communication involves body language, gestures, appearance, and silence. The signs and signals we convey to others using our personal and social space are referred to as proxemics. Kinesics refers to the use of body parts, such as hands, arms, body, and face movements, in communicating ideas or emotions. Wrap Up Chronemics looks at how people use time. It enables us to comprehend how people conceptualize and organize time in their interactions and interpersonal relationships. Haptics refers to the use of the sense of touch in communication. It is a type of nonverbal communication in which people communicate through touch.