Commercial Driver's License Manual 2005 (PDF)

Commercial Driver License Manual 2005 CDL Testing System (July 2014) CDL Driver’s Manual COPYRIGHT © 2005 AAMVA All Rights Reserved  This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration under Cooperative Agreemen...

Commercial Driver License Manual 2005 CDL Testing System (July 2014) CDL Driver’s Manual COPYRIGHT © 2005 AAMVA All Rights Reserved  This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration under Cooperative Agreement No. DTFH61-97-X- 00017. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. COPYRIGHT © 2005 AAMVA. All rights reserved This material has been created for and provided to State Driver License Agencies (SDLAs) by AAMVA for the purpose of educating Driver License applicants (Commercial or Non-Commercial). Permission to reproduce, use, distribute or sell this material has been granted to SDLAs only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without express written permission from the author / publisher. Any unauthorized reprint, use, distribution or sale of this material is prohibited. Human trafficking is modern-day slavery. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion to control their victims. Any minor engaged in commercial sex is a victim of human trafficking. Trafficking can occur in many locations, including truck stops, restaurants, rest areas, brothels, strip clubs, private homes, etc. Truckers are the eyes and the ears of our nation’s highways. If you see a minor working any of those areas or suspect pimp control, call the National Hotline and report your tip: 1-888-3737-888 (US) 1-800-222-TIPS (Canada) 01800-5533-000 (Mexico) For law enforcement to open an investigation on your tip, they need “actionable information.” Specific tips helpful when reporting to the hotline would include:  Descriptions of cars (make, model, color, license plate number, etc.) and people (height, weight, hair color, eye color, age, etc.)  Take a picture if you can.  Specific times and dates (When did you see the event in question take place? What day was it?)  Addresses and locations where suspicious activity took place Trafficking Red Flags to Look for:  Lack of knowledge of their community or whereabouts  Not in control of own identification documents (ID/passport)  Restricted or controlled communication--not allowed to speak for self  Demeanor: fear, anxiety, depression, submissive, tense, nervous Questions to Ask:  Are you being paid?  Are you being watched or followed?  Are you free to leave? Come and go as you please?  Are you physically or sexually abused? Are you or your family threatened? What is the nature of the threats? Report by Email: [email protected] Warning: Please do not approach traffickers. Call the hotline, and they will call the FBI and local police to deal with them and rescue the victims. Approaching traffickers is not only dangerous for you and their victims but could lead to problems in the eventual prosecution of traffickers. Go to www.truckersagainsttrafficking.org for more information. Make the Call, Save Lives.  Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1-1 Driving Safely...................................................................................................................................2-1 Transporting Cargo Safely...............................................................................................3-1 Transporting Passengers Safely...............................................................................4-1 Air Brakes.............................................................................................................................................5-1 Combination Vehicles............................................................................................................6-1 Doubles and Triples.................................................................................................................7-1 Tank Vehicles..................................................................................................................................8-1 Hazardous Materials................................................................................................................9-1 School Bus........................................................................................................................................10-1 Vehicle Vehicle Inspection.............................................................................................11-1 Basic Vehicle Control Skills Test............................................................................12-1 On-Road Driving.........................................................................................................................13-1 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System (GCWR) of 26,001 or more pounds falls in Group A Section 1 provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed is INTRODUCTION more than 10,000 pounds. Most Class A vehicles are trucks such as truck-tractor/semi-trailer or truck and trailer combinations. However, tractor-trailer This Section Covers buses may be found in a few communities. Driving a Class A vehicle requires considerably more skill Commercial Driver License Tests and knowledge than driving vehicles in Classes B Medical Requirements and C. Since these skills include those required to Driver Disqualifications drive a B and C vehicle, a driver who has a Class A Other Safety Rules license also may drive vehicles in Classes B and C. International Registration Program Class B Heavy Straight Vehicles. Any single Entry-Level Driving Training (ELDT) vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 or more pounds falls in Group B, or any such vehicle towing another There is a federal requirement that each state have vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds GVWR. minimum standards for the licensing of commercial Class B includes straight trucks and large buses, drivers. including articulated buses. Safely driving these heavy vehicles requires considerably more This manual provides driver license testing knowledge and skill than driving the small trucks information for drivers who wish to obtain a and buses found in Class C. Since they include the commercial learner’s permit (CLP) or a commercial skills required to drive Class C vehicles, drivers who driver license (CDL). This manual does NOT have qualified for a Class B license may also drive provide information on all the federal and state vehicles in Class C. requirements needed before you can drive a commercial motor vehicle (CMV). If you require Class C Small Vehicles. Any single vehicle with a additional information, please call (919) 715-7000. GVWR less than 26,001 pounds falls in Group C, or any such vehicle towing another vehicle not in You must have a CDL to operate: excess of 10,000 pounds GVWR. However, vehicles of this size are included in the CDL Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating program only if they are: 1) Designed to carry 16 or (GVWR) of 26,001 pounds or more. more passengers including the driver, or (2) Used to transport hazardous materials in quantities requiring A combination vehicle with a gross combination placarding under the Hazardous Materials weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 or more pounds, Regulations (49 CFR Part 172, Subpart F) or is provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed is carrying material listed as a select agent or toxin in in excess of 10,000 pounds. 42 CFR part 73. A vehicle designed to transport 16 or more There are a great variety of vehicles in Class C. passengers (including the driver). Any size vehicle Some rather large Class C vehicles may require which requires hazardous material placards or is more skill and knowledge to operate than do the carrying material listed as a select agent or toxin in smaller ones. However, the licensing category is 42 CFR part 73. Federal regulations through the based principally on the type of cargo carried. Department of Homeland Security require a Because of the seriousness of an accident involving background check and fingerprinting for the hazardous material or human passengers, the safe Hazardous Materials endorsement. Please visit the operation of even the smaller vehicles in Class C website https://www.tsa.gov/for-industry/hazmat- requires special knowledge and the drivers of these endorsement for more information. vehicles must have a CDL CDL Classifications CDL Endorsements & Restrictions The CDL vehicle classification included in the Endorsements federal standard, together with the type of cargo to be transported, determine what type of CDL license All commercial drivers who drive certain types of and endorsement an applicant must apply for. vehicles or haul certain types of cargo must add There are three basic vehicle classes or groups: endorsements to their CDL license and/or Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) to show that Class A Combination Vehicles. Any combination they have the specialized knowledge required for of vehicles with gross combination weight rating these operations. There are six kinds of CDL Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-1 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System endorsements that may be required, depending on pass a special written examination on how to the vehicle or type of cargo. recognize, handle, and transport hazardous materials The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) NOTE: The only endorsements that may be and the US Department of Transportation require added to a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) background checks on commercial drivers who are are: certified to transport hazardous materials. The Passenger (P); background checks include a review of criminal, School bus (S); and immigration and FBI records. If the driver is found to Tank vehicle (N). represent a security threat, TSA will notify the person and the state will deny issuance of an Double and Triple Trailers (T). Many drivers who endorsement. are qualified to drive Class A vehicles may wish to pull double or triple trailers. Research shows that Combination Hazardous Materials and Tank considerable additional knowledge and skill is Vehicle (X). Drivers of tank vehicles who haul necessary to safely pull double and triple trailers in hazardous materials or waste in amounts requiring various traffic conditions and driving environments. placards must add an X endorsement to their CDL, Consequently, adding the endorsement to the showing that they have passed the special licenses of Class A drivers is necessary if they wish knowledge examinations for both tank vehicles and to pull double or triple trailers. A special knowledge hazardous materials examination on the problems associated with pulling multiple trailers must be passed. School Buses (S). Drivers who wish to drive a school bus, must add a school bus endorsement to Tank Vehicle (N). Drivers of any commercial motor their CDL/CLP. They must pass a special vehicle that is designed to transport any liquid or knowledge examination on safety considerations gaseous materials within a tank or tanks having an when transporting passengers in a school bus and individual rated capacity of more than 119 gallons must pass skills tests in a school bus. The and an aggregate rated capacity of 1,000 gallons or endorsement applies to applicants who wish to drive more that is either permanently or temporarily a school bus in any class (A, B, or C). attached to the vehicle or the chassis must obtain NOTE: Administered by School Bus and Traffic this endorsement. Applies to Class A, B and C (only Safety Section ONLY. Contact (919) 715-7000 for applicable to Class C if the vehicle is hauling more information. hazardous materials) vehicles. Liquids in bulk cause driving control problems because the cargo is Restrictions heavy, prone to shifting, and has a high center of Restrictions may be added to Commercial Driver gravity. These drivers must pass a special Licenses/Permits based upon the type of vehicle knowledge examination on the problems posed by and equipment that the driver uses for the Skills large volume liquid cargos to add the endorsement Test. There are ten standardized restriction codes. to their CDL/CLP. NOTE: If a CLP is issued with a Passenger (P) or a Passengers (P). Drivers who wish to drive a vehicle School Bus (S) endorsement, it must also contain a having a design capacity to carry 16 or more people, (P) – No passengers in a CMV bus restriction. including the driver, must add a passenger If a CLP is issued with a Tanker (N) endorsement, it endorsement to their CDL/CLP. They must pass a must also contain a (X) – No cargo in a CMV tank special knowledge examination on safety vehicle. considerations when transporting passengers and must pass skills tests in a passenger vehicle. The (E) - No manual transmission. If an applicant endorsement applies to applicants who wish to drive performs the skills test in a vehicle equipped with an a bus in any class (A, B, or C). automatic transmission, the State must indicate on the CDL, if issued, that the person is restricted from operating a CMV equipped with a manual Hazardous Materials (H). Any driver, regardless of transmission. For the purposes of the skills test and the vehicle Class/Group (A, B, or C) who wishes to the restriction, an automatic transmission includes haul any material that has been designated as any transmission not operating fully on the gear shift hazardous under 49 U.S.C. 5103 and is required to and clutch principle. be placarded under subpart F of 49 CFR part 172; or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin 42 CFR Part 73 must add a hazardous materials endorsement to their CDL. S/he must Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-2 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System (K) - Intrastate only: If an applicant certifies their (V) - Medical Variance: If the State is notified status as either Non-Excepted Intrastate or according to § 383.73(o)(3) that the driver has been Excepted Intrastate, the state must indicate on the issued a medical variance, the State must indicate CDL, if issued, that person is restricted from the existence of such a medical variance on the operating a CMV in interstate commerce. CDLIS driver record and the CDL document, if issued, using the restriction code ‘‘V’’ to indicate (L) - No Air brake equipped CMV: If an applicant there is information about a medical variance on the does not take or fails the air brake component of the CDLIS driver record. knowledge test, or performs the skills test in a vehicle not equipped with air brakes, the State must (X) - No cargo in CMV tank vehicle: A CLP holder indicate on the CLP or CDL, if issued, that the with an N endorsement may only operate an empty person is restricted from operating a CMV equipped tank vehicle and is prohibited from operating any with any type of air brakes. For the purposes of the tank vehicle that previously contained hazardous skills test and the restriction, air brakes include any materials that has not been purged of any residue. braking system operating fully or partially on the air (Z) - No full air brake equipped CMV: If an brake principle. applicant performs the skills test in a vehicle (M) - No Class A passenger vehicle: If an equipped with air over hydraulic brakes, the State applicant applying for a passenger endorsement must indicate on the CDL, if issued, that the person performs the skills test in a passenger vehicle is restricted from operating a CMV equipped with requiring a Group B CDL, the State must indicate on any braking system operating fully on the air brake the CDL, if issued, that the person is restricted from principle. For the purposes of the skills test and the operating a passenger vehicle requiring a Group A restriction, air over hydraulic brakes includes any CDL. braking system operating partially on the air brake and partially on the hydraulic brake principle (N) - No Class A and B passenger vehicle: If an applicant applying for a passenger endorsement To Get a CDL or CLP performs the skills test in a passenger vehicle requiring a Group C CDL, the State must indicate on To get a CDL or CLP, you must pass knowledge and the CDL, if issued, that the person is restricted from skills tests. This manual will help you pass the tests, operating a passenger vehicle requiring a Group A however, it is not a substitute for a truck driver or B CDL training class or program. Formal training is the most reliable way to learn the many special skills (O) - No tractor trailer CMV: If an applicant required for safely driving a large commercial performs the skills test in a combination vehicle for vehicle and becoming a professional driver in the a Group A CDL with the power unit and towed unit trucking industry. connected with a pintle hook or other non-fifth wheel connection, the State must indicate on the CDL, if Figure 1.1 helps you determine if you need a CDL issued, that the person is restricted from operating a tractor-trailer combination connected by a fifth wheel that requires a Group A CDL An applicant who passes a skills test using a combination vehicle that is NOT a Truck Tractor Semi-Trailer combination, but is otherwise equipped with a fifth wheel, will be issued a CDL with an “O” restriction. (P) - No passengers in CMV bus: A CLP holder with a P endorsement is prohibited from operating a CMV carrying passengers, other than Federal/State auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the CDL holder accompanying the CLP holder as prescribed by § CFR 383.25(a)(1) of this part. A CLP holder with a S endorsement is prohibited from operating a school bus with passengers, other than Federal/State auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the CDL holder accompanying the CLP holder as prescribed by § CFR 383.25(a)(1) of this part. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-3 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-4 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System 1.1 – Commercial Driver License Tests traffic lanes, cones, barriers, or something similar. The examiner will tell you how each control test is to 1.1.1 – Knowledge Tests be done. You will have to take one or more knowledge tests, On-road Test. You will be tested on your skill to depending on what class of license and what safely drive your vehicle in a variety of traffic endorsements you need. The CDL knowledge tests situations. The situations may include left and right include: turns, intersections, railroad crossings, curves, up and down grades, single or multi-lane roads, The general knowledge test, taken by all streets, or highways. The examiner will tell you applicants. where to drive. The passenger transport test, taken by all bus driver applicants. Only one attempt at each knowledge test is allowed per day. If after three attempts, you have not The air brakes test, which you must take if your passed the general knowledge test, another vehicle has air brakes, including air over hydraulic application fee will be required to allow three more brakes. attempts. Similarly, each three attempts thereafter The combination vehicles test, which is required require another application fee. if you want to drive combination vehicles. You do not need an appointment for the knowledge The hazardous materials test, required if you want tests. to haul hazardous materials as defined in 49 CFR 383.5. In order to obtain this endorsement you are NOTE: All test scores are valid 90 days from the also required to pass a Transportation Security test date in NCDMV computer files. Administration (TSA) background check. The tank vehicle test, required if you want to haul Figure 1.2 details which sections of this manual you any liquid or gaseous materials in a tank or tanks should study for each particular class of license and having an individual rated capacity of more than 119 for each endorsement. gallons and an aggregate rated capacity of 1,000 gallons or more that is either permanently or. temporarily attached to the vehicle or chassis The doubles/triples test, required if you want to pull double or triple trailers. The School Bus test, required if you want to drive a school bus. (Administered by School Bus and Traffic Safety Section ONLY. Contact (919) 715- 7000 1.1.2 – Skills Tests If you pass the required knowledge test(s), you can take the CDL skills tests. There are three types of general skills that will be tested: Vehicle inspection, basic vehicle control, and on-road driving. You must take these tests in the type of vehicle for which you wish to be licensed. Any vehicle that has components marked or labeled cannot be used for the Vehicle Inspection Test. Vehicle Inspection. You will be tested to see if you know whether your vehicle is safe to drive. You will be asked to do a Vehicle inspection of your vehicle and explain to the examiner what you would inspect and why. Basic Vehicle Control. You will be tested on your skill to control the vehicle. You will be asked to move your vehicle forward, backward, and turn it within a defined area. These areas may be marked with Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-5 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System What Sections Should You Study? 1.2 – Medical Documentation LICENSE Requirements ENDORSEMENT TYPE Starting January 30, 2012 and no later than January Class A Class B Class C Materials Hazardous Double / Triple Tank Vehicles Passenger School Bus 30, 2014, if you are applying for a CDL Permit; or are renewing, upgrading, adding endorsements to a CDL; or transferring a CDL from another state, you are required to provide information to your State Driver’s License Agency (SDLA) regarding the type of commercial motor vehicle operation you drive in or expect to drive in with your CDL. Drivers Sections to Study 1 X X X operating in certain types of commerce will be required to submit a current medical examiner’s 2 X X X X X X certificate and/or any medical variance documents that you have been issued (i.e. Vision, Skills 3 X X X Performance or Diabetic waivers, or other exemptions) to your SDLA to obtain a “certified” 4 X medical status as part of your driving record. You must contact your State Driver Licensing Agency 5* X X X X (SDLA) to obtain information regarding the requirement for submitting these documents. 6 X X X If you are required to have a ”certified” medical status and fail to provide and keep up-to-date your 7 X medical examiner’s certificate you become ”not- certified” and may lose your CDL. 8 X For the purpose of complying with the new 9 X X requirements for medical certification, it is important to know how you are using the CMV. The following 10 X information will help you decide how to self-certify: 1.2.1 – Interstate or Intrastate Commerce 11 X X X X X Do you, or will you, use a CDL to operate a CMV in 12 X X X X X interstate or intrastate commerce? 13 X X X X X Interstate commerce is when you drive a CMV: *Study section 5 if you plan to operate vehicles From one State to another State or a foreign equipped with air brakes. country; Figure 1.2 – What to Study Between two places within a State, but during part of the trip, the CMV crosses into another State or foreign country; or Between two places within a State, but the cargo or passengers are part of a trip that began or will end in another State or foreign country. Intrastate commerce is when you drive a CMV within a State and you do not meet any of the descriptions above for interstate commerce. If you operate in both intrastate commerce and interstate commerce, you must choose interstate commerce. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-6 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System 1.2.2 – Inter/Intrastate Commerce: Status Non- If you answered no to all of the above activities, you excepted or Excepted? operate in non-excepted interstate commerce and are required to provide a current medical Once you decide whether you will operate in examiner’s certificate (49 CFR 391.45),commonly interstate commerce or intrastate commerce, referred to as a medical certificate or DOT card, to you must decide whether you will operate (or expect your State Driver Licensing Agency (SDLA). Most to operate) in a non-excepted or excepted status. CDL holders who drive CMVs in interstate This decision will tell you to which of the four types commerce are non-excepted interstate of commerce you must self-certify. commerce drivers. Interstate Commerce: If you operate in both excepted interstate commerce and non-excepted interstate You operate in excepted interstate commerce commerce, you must choose non-excepted when you drive a CMV in interstate commerce only interstate commerce to be qualified to operate in for the following excepted activities: both types of interstate commerce. To transport school children and/or school staff between home and school; Intrastate Commerce: As Federal, State or local government employees; You operate in excepted Intrastate commerce when you drive a CMV only in intrastate commerce To transport human corpses or sick or injured activities for which your State of licensure has persons; determined do not require you to meet the State’s Fire truck or rescue vehicle drivers during medical certification requirements. (contact your emergencies and other related activities; SDLA about their requirements). Primarily in the transportation of propane winter You operate in non-excepted intrastate heating fuel when responding to an emergency commerce when you drive a CMV only in intrastate condition requiring immediate response such as commerce and are required to meet your State of damage to a propane gas system after a storm or licensure’s medical certification requirements flooding; (contact your SDLA about their requirements). In Response to a pipeline emergency condition If you operate in both excepted intrastate requiring immediate response such as a pipeline commerce and non-excepted intrastate leak or rupture; commerce, you must choose non-excepted In custom harvesting on a farm or to transport farm intrastate commerce. machinery and supplies used in the custom harvesting operation to and from a farm or to 1.2.3 – Self-Certification Statements transport custom harvested crops to storage or market; When completing an application for your CDL, you will be required to check the box next to the Beekeeper in the seasonal transportation of bees; statement that describes your status. The actual Controlled and operated by a farmer, but is not a statements on your application may vary from those combination vehicle (power unit and towed unit), shown below: and is used to transport agricultural products, farm machinery or farm supplies (no placardable  Interstate non-excepted: I certify that I operate hazardous materials) to and from a farm and within or expect to operate in interstate commerce, 150 air-miles of the farm; that I am subject to and meet the Federal DOT medical card requirements under 49 CFR part As a private motor carrier of passengers for non- 391; and that I am required to obtain a medical business purposes ; or examiner’s certificate. To transport migrant workers.  Interstate excepted: I certify that I operate or If you answered yes to one or more of the above expect to operate in interstate commerce, but activities as the only operation in which you drive, engage exclusively in transportation or you operate in excepted interstate commerce and operations excepted under 49 CFR §§390.3(f), do not need a Federal medical examiner’s 391.2, 391.68 or 398.3 from all or parts of the certificate. qualification requirements of 49 CFR part 391; and that I am not required to obtain a medical examiner’s certificate. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-7 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System  Intrastate non-excepted: I certify that I operate You will be put out-of-service for 24 hours if you or expect to operate entirely in intrastate have any detectable amount of alcohol under.04%. commerce, that I am subject to and meet the medical requirements for my State; and that I 1.3.3 – Serious Traffic Violations am required to obtain a medical examiner’s certificate. Serious traffic violations are excessive speeding (15 mph or more above the posted limit), reckless  Intrastate excepted: I certify that I operate or driving, improper or erratic lane changes, following expect to operate entirely in intrastate a vehicle too closely, traffic offenses committed in a commerce, that I am not subject to the medical CMV in connection with fatal traffic accidents, requirements for my State; and that I am not driving a CMV without obtaining a CDL or having a required to obtain a medical examiner’s CDL in the driver’s possession, and driving a CMV certificate. without the proper class of CDL and/or endorsements. 1.3 - CDL Disqualifications You will lose your CDL: For at least 60 days if you have committed two 1.3.1 – General serious traffic violations within a three-year period involving a CMV. You may not drive a commercial motor vehicle if you are disqualified for any reason. For at least 120 days for three or more serious traffic violations within a three-year period involving a 1.3.2 – Alcohol, Leaving the Scene of an CMV. Accident, and Commission of a Felony 1.3.4 – Violation of Out-of-Service Orders It is illegal to operate a CMV if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is.04% or more. If you operate You will lose your CDL: a CMV, you shall be deemed to have given your [For at least 90 days if you have committed your first consent to alcohol testing. violation of an out-of-service order. You will lose your CDL for at least one year for a first For at least one year if you have committed two offense for: violations of an out-of-service order in a ten-year period. Driving a CMV if your blood alcohol concentration is.04% or higher. For at least three years if you have committed three or more violations of an out-of-service order in a ten- Driving a CMV under the influence of alcohol. year period]. Refusing to undergo blood alcohol testing. 1.3.5 – Railroad-highway Grade Crossing Driving a CMV while under the influence of a Violations controlled substance. Leaving the scene of an accident involving a CMV. You will lose your CDL: Committing a felony involving the use of a CMV. For at least 60 days for your first violation. Driving a CMV when the CDL is suspended. For at least 120 days for your second violation within a three-year period. Causing a fatality through negligent operation of a CMV. For at least one year for your third violation within a three-year period. You will lose your CDL for at least three years if the offense occurs while you are operating a CMV that These violations include violation of a federal, state is placarded for hazardous materials. or local law or regulation pertaining to one of the following six offenses at a railroad-highway grade You will lose your CDL for life for a second offense. crossing: For drivers who are not required to always stop, You will lose your CDL for life if you use a CMV to failing to stop before reaching the crossing if the commit a felony involving controlled substances. tracks are not clear. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-8 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System For drivers who are not required to always stop, If your privilege to operate your personal vehicle is failing to slow down and check that the tracks are revoked, cancelled, or suspended due to violations clear of an approaching train. of traffic control laws (other than parking violations) you will also lose your CDL driving privileges. For drivers who are always required to stop, failing to stop before driving onto the crossing. If your privilege to operate your personal vehicle is revoked, cancelled, or suspended due to alcohol, For all drivers failing to have sufficient space to drive controlled substance or felony violations, you will completely through the crossing without stopping. lose your CDL for 1 year. If you are convicted of a For all drivers failing to obey a traffic control device second violation in your personal vehicle or CMV or the directions of an enforcement official at the you will lose your CDL for life. crossing. If your license to operate your personal vehicle is For all drivers failing to negotiate a crossing revoked, cancelled, or suspended you may not because of insufficient undercarriage clearance. obtain a “hardship” license to operate a CMV. 1.3.6 – Hazardous Materials Endorsement Background Check and Disqualifications 1.4 – Other CDL Rules If you require a hazardous materials endorsement There are other federal and state rules that affect you will be required to submit your fingerprints and drivers operating CMVs in all states. Among them be subject to a background check. are: You will be denied or you will lose your hazardous You cannot have more than one license. If you materials endorsement if you: break this rule, a court may fine you up to $5,000 or put you in jail and keep your home state license and Are not a lawful permanent resident of the United return any others. States. You must notify your employer within 30 days of Renounce your United States citizenship. conviction for any traffic violations (except parking). Are wanted or under indictment for certain felonies. This is true no matter what type of vehicle you were driving. Have a conviction in military or civilian court for certain felonies. You must notify your motor vehicle licensing agency within 30 days if you are convicted in any other Have been adjudicated as a mental defective or jurisdiction of any traffic violation (except parking). committed to a mental institution. This is true no matter what type of vehicle you were Are considered to pose a security threat as driving. determined by the Transportation Security You must notify your employer within two business Administration. days if your license is suspended, revoked, or The background check procedures vary from canceled, or if you are disqualified from driving. jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Your licensing agency will You must give your employer information on all provide you with all the information you need to driving jobs you have held for the past 10 years. You complete the required TSA background check must do this when you apply for a commercial procedures. driving job. No one can drive a commercial motor vehicle 1.3.7 – Traffic Violations in Your Personal without a CDL. A court may fine you up to $5,000 or Vehicle put you in jail for breaking this rule. The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act (MCSIA) If you have a hazardous materials endorsement you of 1999 requires a CDL holder to be disqualified must notify and surrender your hazardous materials from operating a commercial motor vehicle if the endorsement to the state that issued your CDL CDL holder has been convicted of certain types of within 24 hours of any conviction or indictment in moving violations in their personal vehicle. any jurisdiction, civilian or military, for, or found not guilty by reason of insanity of a disqualifying crime listed in 49 CFR 1572.103; who is adjudicated as a mental defective or committed to a mental institution as specified in 49 CFR 1572.109; or who renounces his or her U. S. citizenship; Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-9 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Your employer may not let you drive a commercial motor vehicle if you have more than one license or 1.5 – International Registration Plan if you’re CDL is suspended or revoked. A court may International Fuel Tax Agreement fine the employer up to $5,000 or put him/her in jail for breaking this rule. If you operate a CDL required vehicle in interstate All states are connected to one computerized commerce, the vehicle, with few exceptions, is system to share information about CDL drivers. The required to be registered under the International states will check on drivers' accident records to be Registration Plan (IRP) and the International Fuel sure that drivers do not have more than one CDL. Tax Agreement (IFTA). These federally mandated programs provide for the equitable collection and You are not allowed to hold a mobile telephone to distribution of vehicle license fees and motor fuels conduct a voice communication or dial a mobile taxes for vehicles traveling throughout the 48 telephone by pressing more than a single button contiguous United States and 10 Canadian when driving. provinces. You are not allowed to send or read text messages while driving. Under the IRP, jurisdictions must register apportioned vehicles which includes issuing license You must be properly restrained by a safety belt plates and cab cards or proper credentials, at all times while operating a commercial motor calculate, collect and distribute IRP fees, audit vehicle. The safety belt design holds the driver carriers for accuracy of reported distance and fees securely behind the wheel during a crash, and enforce IRP requirements. helping the driver to control the vehicle and reduces the chance of serious injury or death. If Registrant responsibilities under the Plan include you do not wear a safety belt, you are four times applying for IRP registration with base jurisdiction, more likely to be fatally injured if you are thrown providing proper documentation for registration, from the vehicle. paying appropriate IRP registration fees, properly displaying registration credentials, maintaining Your state may have additional rules that you accurate distance records, and making records must also obey. available for jurisdiction review. Drug and Alcohol Clearinghouse The basic concept behind IFTA is to allow a licensee (Clearinghouse) (motor carrier) to license in a base jurisdiction for the reporting and payment of motor fuel use taxes. If you received a “prohibited” status in the Under the IFTA, a licensee is issued one set of Clearinghouse, you will lose your commercial credentials which will authorize operations through driving privileges for a minimum of 30 days and until all IFTA member jurisdictions. The fuel use taxes you compete the return-to duty (RTD) process. collected pursuant to the IFTA are calculated based on the number of miles (kilometers) traveled and the A prohibited status in the Clearinghouse is due to number of gallons (liters) consumed in the member one or more of the following violations entered onto jurisdictions. The licensee files one quarterly tax your record: return with the base jurisdiction by which the licensee will report all operations through all IFTA A refusal to test, including providing a member jurisdictions. specimen verified as adulterated or substituted, It is the base jurisdiction's responsibility to remit the A verified positive test result, taxes collected to other member jurisdictions and to Controlled substances use, represent the other member jurisdictions in the tax Alcohol use that violates 49 C.F.R. part 382, collection process, including the performance of subpart B, or audits. A violation based on an employer’s actual knowledge of prohibited alcohol or An IFTA licensee must retain records to support the controlled substances use, as defined in information reported on the IFTA quarterly tax return §382.107. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-10 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System The IRP registrant and the IFTA licensee may be In order to satisfy the requirements for Individual the vehicle owner or the vehicle operator. Vehicle Distance Records, these documents must include the following information: The requirement for acquiring IRP plates for a Distance vehicle and IFTA license for a motor carrier is determined by the definitions from the IRP Plan and Per Article IV of the IRP Plan the IFTA for Qualified Vehicle and Qualified Motor (i) Date of trip (starting and ending) Vehicle: (ii) Trip origin and destination – City and State or Province For purposes of IRP: (iii) Route(s) of travel (iv) Beginning and ending odometer or A Qualified Vehicle is (except as provided below) hubometer reading of the trip any Power Unit that is used or (v) Total distance traveled intended for use in two or more Member (vi) In-Jurisdiction distance Jurisdictions and that is used for the transportation (vii) Power unit number or vehicle identification of persons for hire or designed, used, or maintained number. primarily for the transportation of property, and: Fuel (i) has two Axles and a gross Vehicle weight or registered gross Vehicle weight in Per Section P560 of the IFTA Procedures Manual (ii) excess of 26,000 pounds (11,793.401.300 An acceptable receipt or invoice must kilograms), or include, but shall not be limited to, the following: (iii) has three or more Axles, regardless of weight,.005 Date of purchase or.010 Seller's name and address (iv) is used in combination, when the gross Vehicle.015 Number of gallons or liters purchased; weight of such combination exceeds 26,000.020 Fuel type pounds (11,793.401 kilograms)..025 Price per gallon or liter or total amount of sale While similar, the Qualified Motor Vehicle in IFTA.030 Unit number or other unique vehicle means a motor vehicle used, designed, or identifier maintained for transportation of persons or property.035 Purchaser's name and: An example of an IVDR that must be completed in 1) Having two axles and a gross vehicle weight its entirety for each trip can be found in Figure 1 or registered gross vehicle weight exceeding below. Each individual IVDR should be filled out for 26,000 pounds or 11,797 kilograms; or only one vehicle. The rules to follow when trying to determine how and when to log an odometer 2) Is used in combination, when the weight of reading are the following: such combination exceeds 26,000 pounds or 11,797 kilograms gross vehicle or registered ▪ At the beginning of the day gross vehicle weight. Qualified Motor Vehicle ▪ When leaving the state or province does not include recreational vehicles. ▪ At the end of the trip/day If the vehicle you operate is registered under IRP Not only do the trips need to be logged, but the fuel and you are a motor carrier licensed under IFTA, purchases need to be documented as well. You must then you are required to comply with the obtain a receipt for all fueling and include it with your mandatory record keeping requirements for completed IVDR. operating the vehicle. A universally accepted method of capturing this information is through the Make sure that any trips that you enter are always completion of an Individual Vehicle Distance filled out in descending order and that your trips Record (IVDR), sometimes times referred to as a include all state/provinces that you traveled through Driver Trip Report. This document reflects the on your route. distance traveled and fuel purchased for a vehicle that operates interstate under apportioned (IRP) registration and IFTA fuel tax credentials. There are different routes that a driver may take, and most of the miles may be within one state or Although the actual format of the IVDR may vary, the province. Whether or not the distance you travel is information that is required for proper record keeping primarily in one jurisdiction or spread among several does not. jurisdictions, all information for the trip must be recorded. This includes the dates, the routes, odometer readings and fuel purchases. Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-11 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System By completing this document in full and keeping all records required by both the IRP and the IFTA, you For additional information on the IRP and the will have ensured that you and your company are in requirements related to the IRP, contact your base compliance with all State and Provincial laws jurisdiction motor vehicle department or IRP, Inc. surrounding fuel and distance record keeping the official repository for the IRP. Additional requirements. information can be found on the IRP, Inc. website at www.irponline.org. There is a training video on the The IVDR serves as the source document for the website home page available in English, Spanish calculation of fees and taxes that are payable to the and French jurisdictions in which the vehicle is operated, so these original records must be maintained for a For additional information on IFTA and the minimum of four years. requirements related to IFTA, contact the appropriate agency in your base jurisdiction. You In addition, these records are subject to audit by the will also find useful information about the taxing jurisdictions. Failure to maintain complete Agreement at the official repository of IFTA at and accurate records could result in fines, penalties http://www.iftach.org/index.php. and suspension or revocation of IRP registrations and IFTA licenses. Figure 1 – Individual Vehicle Mileage & Fuel Record (Example) Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-12 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System 1.6 – Entry – Level Driver Training (ELDT) Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-8 Version: July 2013 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System which interferes with his/her ability to control and 1.7 - CDL Requirements for Obtaining a operate a commercial motor vehicle safely. Commercial A, B or C 8. Has no established medical history or clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or any other condition which is Age: Must be 21, however, at age 18 a client may likely to cause loss of consciousness or any loss of obtain a CDL but they would not be eligible for the ability to control a commercial motor vehicle. Hazardous Materials Endorsement and they will be restricted to drive inside North Carolina only 9. Has no mental, nervous, organic, or functional (Restriction K, Intrastate Only). disease or psychiatric disorder likely to interfere with his/her ability to drive a commercial motor vehicle Residence: Must be a resident of North Carolina safely. Physical Qualifications and Evaluations by an 10. Has a minimum distant visual acuity of 20/40 Exemption Review Officer (Snellen) in each eye without corrective lenses or visual acuity separately corrected to 20/40 (Snellen) A client is physically qualified to drive a commercial or better with corrective lenses, distant binocular motor vehicle if that person: acuity of at least 20/40 (Snellen) in both eyes with or without corrective lenses, field of vision of at least 1. Has no loss of a foot, a leg, a hand, or an arm, or 70 degrees in the horizontal meridian in each eye, has been granted a skills performance evaluation and the ability to recognize colors of traffic signals certificate pursuant to 49 C.F.R., Part 391.49. and devices showing standard red, green, and amber. 2. Has no impairment of: I. A hand or finger which interferes with 11. First perceives a forced whispered voice in the prehension or power grasping; or better ear at not less than 5 feet with or without the use of a hearing aid or, if tested by use of an II. An arm, foot, or leg which interferes with audiometric device, does not have an average the ability to perform normal tasks hearing loss in the better ear greater than 40 associated with operating a commercial decibels at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz with or motor vehicle; or any other significant limb without a hearing aid when the audiometric device defect or limitation which interferes with the is calibrated to American National Standard ability to perform normal tasks associated (formerly ASA Standard) Z24.5-1951. with operating a commercial motor vehicle; or has been granted a skills performance 12. i) Does not use any drug or substance identified evaluation certificate pursuant to 49 C.F.R., in 21 CFR 1308.11 Schedule I, an amphetamine, a Part 391.49. narcotic or other habit-forming drug. (ii) Does not use any non-Schedule I drug or substance that is 3. Has no established medical history or clinical identified in the other Schedules in 21 part 1308 diagnosis of diabetes mellitus currently requiring except when the use is prescribed by a licensed insulin for control medical practitioner, as defined in §382.107, who is familiar with the driver's medical history and has 4. Has no current clinical diagnosis of myocardial advised the driver that the substance will not infarction, angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, adversely affect the driver's ability to safely operate thrombosis, or any other cardiovascular disease of a commercial motor vehicle. a variety known to be accompanied by syncope, dyspnea, collapse, or congestive cardiac failure. 13. Has no current clinical diagnosis of alcoholism. 5. Has no established medical history or clinical To receive consideration for an intrastate only diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction likely to commercial driver's license (CDL), you must furnish interfere with his/her ability to control and drive a an Exemption Review Officer with the following: commercial motor vehicle safely. (i) Completed DOT physical report, or 6. Has no current clinical diagnosis of high blood submit a DOT physical report not over 60 pressure likely to interfere with his/her ability to days old, which indicates the operate a commercial motor vehicle safely. disqualification of medical disability(ies). 7. Has no established medical history or clinical (ii) Statement from treating physician(s) diagnosis of rheumatic, arthritic, orthopedic, including: how long they have been treating muscular, neuromuscular, or vascular disease you, a brief explanation of disability, Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-9 Version: July 2013 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System prescribed medications (if any), and a Form MCSA-5871, signed by an ophthalmologist or recommendation regarding your driving optometrist and, utilizing independent medical needs and abilities judgment, apply the following standards in determining whether the individual may be certified (iii) A letter from your employer including: as physically qualified to operate a commercial how long you have been employed, type of motor vehicle vehicle driven by you, working hours, and driving needs including region within the The examination must begin not more than 45 days state and/or radius of miles. (If you are after an ophthalmologist or optometrist signs and self employed, a letter is still needed.) dates the Vision Evaluation Report, Form MCSA- 5871. Upon receipt of all required information, applicant will be notified of a decision as soon as possible. The recorded vision finding is included as part of the medical examiner’s physical qualifications, and if All information must be forwarded to the following the examiner finds the individual meets the physical address: qualification standards, may issue a Medical Examiner’s Certificate, form MCSA-5876, for a N.C. Division of Motor Vehicles maximum of 12 months. Medical Review Unit Attn: Exemption Review Officer This rule eliminates the need for the current Federal 3112 Mail Service Center vision exemption program, as well as the Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-3112 grandfather provision in 49 CFR 391.64 for drivers (919) 715-7000 operating under the previously administered vision waiver study program On March 22, 2022, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration amending it vision qualifications. The new regulation permits individuals who do not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the existing distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, to be physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle. The individual must be evaluated by a license ophthalmologist or license optometrist. During the evaluation of the individual, the ophthalmologist or optometrist must complete the Vision Evaluation Report, Form MCSA-5871 Upon completion of the Vision Evaluation Report, Form MCSA-5871, the ophthalmologist or optometrist must sign and date the Report and provide the ophthalmologist or optometrist's full name, office address, and telephone number on the Report Examination by a me medical examiner. At least annually, an individual who does not satisfy, with the worse eye, either the distant visual acuity standard with corrective lenses or the field of vision standard, or both, must be medically examined and certified by a medical examiner as physically qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle. The medical examiner must determine whether the individual meets the physically qualification to operate a commercial motor vehicle. In making that determination, the medical examiner must consider the information in the Vision Evaluation Report, Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-10 Version: July 2013 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System 1.8 – Where are Commercial Skills Tests Given? Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-11 Version: July 2013 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System 1.9 – Endorsements, Restrictions, and Fees Section 1 - Introduction Page 1-12 Version: July 2013 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System breakdown on the road that will cost time and Section 2 dollars, or even worse, a crash caused by the DRIVING SAFELY defect. Federal and state laws require that drivers inspect This Section Covers their vehicles. Federal and state inspectors also may inspect your vehicles. If they judge the vehicle Vehicle Inspection to be unsafe, they will put it "out of service" until it is Basic Control of Your Vehicle fixed. Shifting Gears 2.1.2 – Types of Vehicle Inspection Seeing Communicating Vehicle Inspection. A Vehicle inspection will help Space Management you find problems that could cause a crash or breakdown. Controlling Your Speed Seeing Hazards During a Trip. For safety you should: Distracted Driving Watch gauges for signs of trouble. Aggressive Drivers/Road Rage Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, Night Driving & Driver Fatigue smell, feel). Driving in Fog Check critical items when you stop: Winter Driving Tires, wheels and rims. Hot Weather Driving Brakes. Railroad-highway Crossings Lights and reflectors. Brake and electrical connections to trailer. Mountain Driving Trailer coupling devices. Driving Emergencies Cargo securement devices. Antilock Braking Systems Skid Control and Recovery After-trip Inspection and Report. You should do an after-trip inspection at the end of the trip, day, or Accident Procedures tour of duty on each vehicle you operated. It may Fires include filling out a vehicle condition report listing Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving any problems you find. The inspection report helps a motor carrier know when the vehicle needs Hazardous Materials Rules repairs. This section contains knowledge and safe driving 2.1.3 – What to Look For information that all commercial drivers should know. You must pass a test on this information to get a Tire Problems CDL. This section does not have specific information on air brakes, combination vehicles, Too much or too little air pressure. doubles, or passenger vehicles. When preparing for Bad wear. You need at least 4/32-inch tread depth the Vehicle Inspection Test, you must review the in every major groove on front tires. You need 2/32 material in Section 11 in addition to the information inch on other tires. No fabric should show through in this section. This section does have basic the tread or sidewall. information on hazardous materials (HazMat) that all drivers should know. If you need a HazMat Cuts or other damage. endorsement, you should study Section 9. Tread separation. 2.1 – Vehicle Inspection Dual tires that come in contact with each other or parts of the vehicle. 2.1.1 – Why Inspect Mismatched sizes. Safety is the most important reason you inspect Radial and bias-ply tires used together. your vehicle, safety for yourself and for other road users. Cut or cracked valve stems. A vehicle defect found during an inspection could Re-grooved, recapped, or retreaded tires on the save you problems later. You could have a front wheels of a bus are prohibited. Section 2 – Driving Safely Page 2-1 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Wheel and Rim Problems Suspension System Defects. The suspension system holds up the vehicle and its load. It keeps Damaged rims. the axles in place. Therefore, broken suspension Rust around wheel nuts may mean the nuts are parts can be extremely dangerous. Look for: loose--check tightness. After a tire has been Spring hangers that allow movement of axle from changed, stop a short while later and re-check proper position. See Figure 2.2. tightness of nuts. Missing clamps, spacers, studs, or lugs means danger. Mismatched, bent, or cracked lock rings are dangerous. Wheels or rims that have had welding repairs are not safe. Bad Brake Drums or Shoes Cracked drums. Shoes or pads with oil, grease, or brake fluid on them. Shoes worn dangerously thin, missing, or broken. Steering System Defects Missing nuts, bolts, cotter keys, or other parts. Bent, loose, or broken parts, such as steering column, steering gear box, or tie rods. If power steering equipped, check hoses, pumps, and fluid level; check for leaks. Figure 2.2 Steering wheel play of more than 10 degrees (approximately 2 inches movement at the rim of a Cracked or broken spring hangers. 20-inch steering wheel) can make it hard to steer. Missing or broken leaves in any leaf spring. If one- fourth or more are missing, it will put the vehicle "out of service", but any defect could be dangerous. See Figure 2.3. Figure 2.1 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.3 Section 2 – Driving Safely Page 2-2 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Broken leaves in a multi-leaf spring or leaves that 2.1.4 – CDL Vehicle Inspection Test have shifted so they might hit a tire or other part. In order to obtain a CDL you will be required to pass Leaking shock absorbers. a Vehicle inspection test. You will be tested to see if you know whether your vehicle is safe to drive. You Torque rod or arm, u-bolts, spring hangers, or other will be asked to do a Vehicle inspection of your axle positioning parts that are cracked, damaged, or vehicle and explain to the examiner what you would missing. inspect and why. The following seven-step Air suspension systems that are damaged and/or inspection method should be useful. leaking. See Figure 2.4. 2.1.5 – Seven-step Inspection Method Method of Inspection. You should do a Vehicle inspection the same way each time so you will learn all the steps and be less likely to forget something. Approaching the Vehicle. Notice general condition. Look for damage or vehicle leaning to one side. Look under the vehicle for fresh oil, coolant, grease, or fuel leaks. Check the area around the vehicle for hazards to vehicle movement (people, other vehicles, objects, low-hanging wires, limbs, etc.). Vehicle Inspection Guide Step 1: Vehicle Overview Figure 2.4 Review Last Vehicle Inspection Report. Drivers Any loose, cracked, broken, or missing frame may have to make a vehicle inspection report in members. writing each day. The motor carrier must repair any items in the report that affect safety and certify on Exhaust System Defects. A broken exhaust the report that repairs were made or were system can let poison fumes into the cab or sleeper unnecessary. You must sign the report only if berth. Look for: defects were noted and certified to be repaired or not needed to be repaired. Loose, broken, or missing exhaust pipes, mufflers, tailpipes, or vertical stacks. Step 2: Check Engine Compartment Loose, broken, or missing mounting brackets, Check That the Parking Brakes Are On and/or clamps, bolts, or nuts. Wheels Chocked. Exhaust system parts rubbing against fuel system You may have to raise the hood, tilt the cab (secure parts, tires, or other moving parts of vehicle. loose things so they don't fall and break something), or open the engine compartment door. Exhaust system parts that are leaking. Check the following: Emergency Equipment. Vehicles must be equipped with emergency equipment. Look for: Engine oil level. Fire extinguisher(s). Coolant level in radiator; condition of hoses. Spare electrical fuses (unless equipped with circuit Power steering fluid level; hose condition (if so breakers). equipped). Warning devices for parked vehicles (for example, Windshield washer fluid level. three reflective warning triangles or 6 fusees or 3 Battery fluid level, connections and tie downs liquid burning flares). (battery may be located elsewhere) Cargo (Trucks). You must make sure the truck is Automatic transmission fluid level (may require not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and engine to be running). secured before each trip. If the cargo contains Check belts for tightness and excessive wear hazardous materials, you must inspect for proper (alternator, water pump, air compressor)--learn how papers and placarding. Section 2 – Driving Safely Page 2-3 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System much "give" the belts should have when adjusted Interaxle differential lock (if vehicle has one). right, and check each one. Horn(s). Leaks in the engine compartment (fuel, coolant, oil, Windshield wiper/washer. power steering fluid, hydraulic fluid, battery fluid). Lights. Cracked, worn electrical wiring insulation. Headlights. Lower and secure hood, cab, or engine Dimmer switch. compartment door. Turn signal. Step 3: Start Engine and Inspect Inside the Cab Four-way flashers. Get In and Start Engine Parking, clearance, identification, marker switch(es). Make sure parking brake is on. Put gearshift in neutral (or "park" if automatic). Start engine; listen for unusual noises. If equipped, check the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) indicator lights. Light on dash should come on and then turn off. If it stays on the ABS is not working properly. For trailers only, if the yellow light on the left rear of the trailer stays on, the ABS is not working properly. Look at the Gauges Oil pressure. Should come up to normal within seconds after engine is started. See Figure 2.5 Air pressure. Pressure should build from 50 to 90 psi within 3 minutes. Build air pressure to governor cut-out (usually around 120 – 140 psi. Know your vehicle’s requirements. Ammeter and/or voltmeter. Should be in normal range(s). Coolant temperature. Should begin gradual rise to Figure 2.5 normal operating range. Check Mirrors and Windshield. Inspect mirrors Engine oil temperature. Should begin gradual rise to and windshield for cracks, dirt, illegal stickers, or normal operating range. other obstructions to seeing clearly. Clean and Warning lights and buzzers. Oil, coolant, charging adjust as necessary. circuit warning, and antilock brake system lights should go out right away. Check Emergency Equipment Check for safety equipment: Check Condition of Controls. Check all of the Spare electrical fuses (unless vehicle has circuit following for looseness, sticking, damage, or breakers). improper setting: Three red reflective triangles, 6 fusees or 3 liquid Steering wheel. burning flares. Clutch. Properly charged and rated fire extinguisher. Accelerator ("gas pedal"). Check for optional items such as: Brake controls. Chains (where winter conditions require). Foot brake. Tire changing equipment. Trailer brake (if vehicle has one). List of emergency phone numbers Parking brake. Accident reporting kit (packet). Retarder controls (if vehicle has them). Transmission controls. Section 2 – Driving Safely Page 2-4 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Check Safety Belt. Check that the safety belt is Front securely mounted, adjusts; latches properly and is Condition of front axle. not ripped or frayed. Condition of steering system. Step 4: Turn Off Engine and Check Lights No loose, worn, bent, damaged or missing parts. Must grab steering mechanism to test for Make sure the parking brake is set, turn off the looseness. engine, and take the key with you. Turn on headlights (low beams) and four-way emergency Condition of windshield. flashers, and get out of the vehicle. Check for damage and clean if dirty. Step 5: Do Walk-around Inspection Check windshield wiper arms for proper spring tension. Go to front of vehicle and check that low beams Check wiper blades for damage, "stiff" rubber, and are on and both of the four-way flashers are securement. working. Lights and reflectors. Push dimmer switch and check that high beams work. Parking, clearance, and identification lights clean, operating, and proper color (amber at front). Turn off headlights and four-way emergency Reflectors clean and proper color (amber at front). flashers. Right front turn signal light clean, operating, and Turn on parking, clearance, side-marker, and proper color (amber or white on signals facing identification lights. forward). Turn on right turn signal, and start walk-around Right Side inspection. Right front: check all items as done on left front. General Primary and secondary safety cab locks engaged Walk around and inspect. (if cab-over-engine design). Clean all lights, reflectors, and glass as you go Right fuel tank(s). along. Securely mounted, not damaged, or leaking. Fuel crossover line secure. Left Front Side Tank(s) contain enough fuel. Driver's door glass should be clean. Cap(s) on and secure. Door latches or locks should work properly. Condition of visible parts. Left front wheel. Rear of engine--not leaking. Condition of wheel and rim--missing, bent, broken Transmission--not leaking. studs, clamps, lugs, or any signs of misalignment. Exhaust system--secure, not leaking, not touching Condition of tires--properly inflated, valve stem and wires, fuel, or air-lines. cap OK, no serious cuts, bulges, or tread wear. Use wrench to test rust-streaked lug nuts, indicating Frame and cross members--no bends or cracks. looseness. Air-lines and electrical wiring--secured against Hub oil level OK, no leaks. snagging, rubbing, wearing. Left front suspension. Spare tire carrier or rack not damaged (if so Condition of spring, spring hangers, shackles, equipped). u-bolts. Spare tire and/or wheel securely mounted in rack. Shock absorber condition. Spare tire and wheel adequate (proper size, Left front brake. properly inflated). Condition of brake drum or disc. Cargo securement (trucks). Condition of hoses. Cargo properly blocked, braced, tied, chained, etc. Header board adequate, secure (if required). Section 2 – Driving Safely Page 2-5 Version: July 2014 Commercial Driver’s License Manual – 2005 CDL Testing System Side boards, stakes strong enough, free of damage, Taillights clean, operating, and proper color (red at properly set in place (if so equipped). rear). Canvas or tarp (if required) properly secured to Right rear turn signal operati