PA CDL Manual PDF

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA Commercial Driver’s Manual www.dmv.pa.gov PUB 223 (10-23) COMMERCIAL DRIVER’S LICENSE PROGRAM 1. The legal basis for CDL and CDL testing is found in 49 CFR 383 and in each U.S. jurisdiction’s constitutional power to legislate for the safety and welfare of its citizens. 2. The CDL tests are used to assist in the making of a licensing decision. 3. The CDL test meets all testing requirements set forth in 49 CFR 383. 4. The CDL test system is not designed to measure successful completion of the training requirements of: A. Truck or bus companies B. Truck or bus associations C. Commercial or private truck driver training schools D. FHWA’s Model Truck Driver Training Curriculum E. Professional Truck Driver Institute of America’s (PTDIA) truck driver training curriculum. 5. The knowledge and skill requirements for a professional truck or bus driver are much more extensive than set forth in 49 CFR 383. 6. CDL knowledge tests are designed to determine if the person meets the minimum knowledge requirements set forth in 49 CFR 383 for the safe operation of the commercial vehicle class and type the person expects to operate. 7. The CDL Manual is designed to contain all information required for CDL applicants to meet the minimum knowledge requirements set forth in 49 CFR 383 for the safe operation of different classes of commercial motor vehicles. In addition, the manual includes specialized knowledge required of drivers who wish to be qualified to drive buses, tank vehicles, vehicles transporting hazardous materials and/or a combination vehicle. 8. The CDL Manual provides all information needed by a CDL applicant to pass the CDL tests. 9. CDL skills tests are designed to determine if the person can demonstrate the minimum knowledge and skills set forth in 49 CFR 383 for the safe operation of the commercial vehicle class and type the person expects to operate. Trailers over 102” wide and combinations over 75’ long are Not Permitted at skills test testing sites. If you have a larger vehicle, please contact the Driver License Center directly to see if the testing site can accommodate your vehicle. Federal and State law require vehicles to be empty while operating on a commerical learner’s permit during the CDL skills test. Vehicles used in the transportation of hazardous materials displaying placards will not be tested. The vehicle must be empty. If it is a tank vehicle used in the transportation of hazardous materials, the tank must be purged. A letter stating that the tank has been purged including vehicle information, date and time is required. Purging of the tank vehicle must be performed prior to testing and within 72 hours. If the determination is made that the vehicle meets the criteria listed above, all placards on the vehicle must be covered prior to the CDL skills test. For information on a CDL or to schedule a CDL skills test please visit the Driver and Vehicle Services website: www.dmv.pa.gov Not sure if you have the most recent edition of the Commercial Driver’s Manual? The most current version of this publication can be found on our website at: www.dmv.pa.gov CDL Driver’s Manual Copyright © 2005 AMMVA. All Rights Reserved. In January 2015, an RV pulled into a truck stop in Virginia. Observant professional truck driver Kevin Kimmel recognized suspicious activity around that RV, which had pulled back by the truck line, and decided something was off. Instead of turning a blind eye, he made a call that brought law enforcement out to the scene within a few minutes. After interviewing the occupants of the vehicle, they discovered that a young woman, 20 years old, had been kidnapped from Iowa two weeks prior. She had been beaten, raped, her whole body burned by instruments heated on the RV stove, branded and starved. She was being sold by her traffickers, Laura Sorenson and Aldair Hodza, through sex ads on Craigslist, where men were purchasing her and then arriving at the RV to rape her. She was dying from malnutrition and the torture she was subjected to … had the call not been made that brought law enforcement out to that truck stop, doctors said she would have died within the next few days. Now a recovering survivor, this young woman calls Kimmel her guardian angel. He calls himself a Trucker Against Trafficking. Truckers Against Trafficking is a non-profit organization that has been working with the trucking industry since 2009 to provide the needed training and tools to enable members of the industry to both recognize human trafficking when they see it happening and to know what actions to take to enable law enforcement to effectively fight this crime. Through this training and these tools, truckers are becoming Everyday Heroes like Kevin Kimmel, who was also named TAT’s 2015 Harriet Tubman Award winner. One of the tools TAT provides is a wallet card with red flags to look for, questions to ask if you suspect someone is a victim and actionable information to report. This wallet card is available by App, from the appropriate App Store, on all smart phones, whether Android, iPhone or Windows format, as well as by emailing [email protected], for a version to carry in your wallet. Additionally, TAT provides a powerful, 26-minute training video on its website (www.truckersagainsttrafficking.org), which, when watched along with taking and passing a short test, certifies drivers as TAT-Trained, a designation which can go on your resume. Because professional drivers often find themselves in locations frequented and exploited by human traffickers, they are in a unique position to recognize the signs of human trafficking and to make the call that can lead to victim recovery and perpetrator arrests. Get your wallet card today. Be an Everyday Hero! Make the call (1-888-3737-888); save lives! Commercial Driver’s License Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................... 1-1 CLASSIFICATIONS............................................................ 1-3 ENDORSEMENTS/RESTRICTIONS............................................... 1-3 COMMERCIAL DRIVER LICENSE TESTS.......................................... 1-4 Knowledge Tests........................................................... 1-4 Skills Tests................................................................ 1-5 Vehicle Inspection Basic Vehicle Control On the Road Skills Test Applying for a CDL When You are Already Licensed in Pennsylvania................... 1-7 Applying for a PA CDL When Licensed in Another State............................. 1-7 Medical Documentation Requirements........................................... 1-8 DRIVER DISQUALIFICATIONS.................................................. 1-10 Alcohol, Leaving the Scene of an Accident and Commission of a Felony............... 1-10 Serious Traffic Violations.................................................... 1-11 Violation of Out-of-Service Orders............................................. 1-11 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Violations..................................... 1-11 Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Endorsement Background Check and Disqualifications... 1-11 Traffic Violations in Your Personal Vehicle....................................... 1-12 Other Safety Rules......................................................... 1-12 International Registration Plan................................................ 1-13 SECTION 2 - DRIVING SAFELY VEHICLE INSPECTION......................................................... 2-1 Why Inspect............................................................... 2-1 Types of Vehicle Inspection................................................... 2-2 What to Look For........................................................... 2-2 CDL Inspection Test......................................................... 2-5 Seven-Step Inspection Method................................................. 2-5 Inspection During a Trip..................................................... 2-11 After-trip Inspection and Report............................................... 2-11 BASIC CONTROL OF YOUR VEHICLE............................................ 2-12 Accelerating.............................................................. 2-12 Steering.................................................................. 2-12 Stopping................................................................. 2-12 Backing Safely............................................................ 2-12 SHIFTING GEARS............................................................ 2-13 Manual Transmissions...................................................... 2-13 Multi-speed Rear Axles and Auxiliary Transmissions............................... 2-14 Automatic Transmissions.................................................... 2-14 Retarders................................................................ 2-14 SEEING..................................................................... 2-15 Seeing Ahead............................................................. 2-15 Seeing to the Sides and Rear................................................. 2-16 COMMUNICATING............................................................ 2-17 Signal Your Intentions....................................................... 2-17 Communicating Your Presence............................................... 2-17 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) CONTROLLING SPEED........................................................ 2-19 Stopping Distance.......................................................... 2-19 Matching Speed to the Road Surface........................................... 2-19 Speed and Curves......................................................... 2-20 Speed and Distance Ahead.................................................. 2-20 Speed and Traffic Flow...................................................... 2-20 Speed on Downgrades...................................................... 2-21 Roadway Work Zones....................................................... 2-21 MANAGING SPACE........................................................... 2-21 Space Ahead............................................................. 2-21 Space Behind............................................................. 2-22 Space to the Sides......................................................... 2-23 Space Overhead........................................................... 2-23 Space Below.............................................................. 2-23 Space for Turns........................................................... 2-23 Space Needed to Cross or Enter Traffic......................................... 2-24 SEEING HAZARDS........................................................... 2-24 Importance of Seeing Hazards................................................ 2-24 Hazardous Roads.......................................................... 2-25 Drivers Who Are Hazards.................................................... 2-25 Always Have a Plan........................................................ 2-27 DISTRACTED DRIVING........................................................ 2-27 Distracted Driving Crash Problem.............................................. 2-28 Effects of Distracted Driving.................................................. 2-28 Types of Distractions....................................................... 2-28 Cell/Mobile Phones......................................................... 2-28 Texting.................................................................. 2-29 Don’t Drive Distracted....................................................... 2-29 Watch Out for Other Distracted Drivers......................................... 2-30 AGGRESSIVE DRIVERS/ROAD RAGE............................................ 2-30 What Is It?................................................................ 2-30 Don’t Be an Aggressive Driver................................................ 2-30 What You Should Do When Confronted by an Aggressive Driver..................... 2-30 NIGHT DRIVING AND DRIVER FATIGUE.......................................... 2-31 It’s More Dangerous........................................................ 2-31 Driver Factors............................................................. 2-31 Roadway Factors.......................................................... 2-33 Vehicle Factors............................................................ 2-34 Night Driving Procedures.................................................... 2-34 DRIVING IN FOG............................................................. 2-34 DRIVING IN WINTER.......................................................... 2-35 Vehicle Checks............................................................ 2-35 Driving................................................................... 2-35 DRIVING IN VERY HOT WEATHER.............................................. 2-36 Vehicle Checks............................................................ 2-36 Driving................................................................... 2-37 RAILROAD-HIGHWAY CROSSINGS.............................................. 2-37 Types of Crossings......................................................... 2-37 Warning Signs and Devices.................................................. 2-37 Driving Procedures......................................................... 2-38 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) Stopping Safely at Railroad Highway Crossings................................... 2-38 Crossing the Tracks........................................................ 2-39 Special Situations.......................................................... 2-39 MOUNTAIN DRIVING.......................................................... 2-39 Select a “Safe” Speed....................................................... 2-39 Select the Right Gear Before Starting Down the Grade............................. 2-40 Brake Fading or Failure..................................................... 2-40 Proper Braking Technique................................................... 2-40 DRIVING EMERGENCIES...................................................... 2-40 Steering to Avoid a Crash.................................................... 2-41 How to Stop Quickly and Safely............................................... 2-41 Brake Failure.............................................................. 2-42 Tire Failure............................................................... 2-42 ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEMS (ABS)........................................... 2-43 How Antilock Braking Systems Work........................................... 2-43 Vehicles Required to Have Antilock Braking Systems.............................. 2-43 How to Know If Your Vehicle Is Equipped with ABS................................ 2-43 How ABS Helps You........................................................ 2-43 ABS on the Tractor Only or Only on the Trailer................................... 2-43 Braking with ABS.......................................................... 2-44 Braking If ABS Is Not Working................................................ 2-44 Safety Reminders.......................................................... 2-44 SKID CONTROL AND RECOVERY............................................... 2-44 Drive-wheel Skids.......................................................... 2-44 Correcting a Drive-wheel Braking Skid.......................................... 2-45 Front-wheel Skids.......................................................... 2-45 ACCIDENT PROCEDURES..................................................... 2-45 Protect the Area........................................................... 2-46 Notify Authorities........................................................... 2-46 Care for the Injured......................................................... 2-46 FIRES...................................................................... 2-46 Causes of Fire............................................................. 2-46 Fire Prevention............................................................ 2-46 Fire Fighting.............................................................. 2-46 ALCOHOL, OTHER DRUGS, AND DRIVING........................................ 2-48 Alcohol and Driving......................................................... 2-48 Other Drugs.............................................................. 2-51 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RULES FOR ALL COMMERCIAL DRIVERS.................. 2-51 What Are Hazardous Materials?............................................... 2-51 Why Are There Rules?...................................................... 2-51 Lists of Regulated Products.................................................. 2-52 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) SECTION 3 - TRANSPORTING CARGO SAFELY INSPECTING CARGO.......................................................... 3-1 CARGO WEIGHT AND BALANCE................................................. 3-2 Definitions You Should Know.................................................. 3-2 Legal Weight Limits.......................................................... 3-2 Don’t Be Top-Heavy......................................................... 3-2 Balance the Weight.......................................................... 3-2 SECURING CARGO............................................................ 3-3 Blocking and Bracing........................................................ 3-3 Cargo Tiedown............................................................. 3-3 Header Boards............................................................. 3-3 Covering Cargo............................................................. 3-3 Sealed and Containerized Loads............................................... 3-3 CARGO NEEDING SPECIAL ATTENTION.......................................... 3-4 Dry Bulk.................................................................. 3-4 Hanging Meat.............................................................. 3-4 Livestock.................................................................. 3-4 Oversized loads............................................................ 3-4 PART TWO SECTION 4 - TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS SAFELY VEHICLE INSPECTION......................................................... 4-1 Vehicle Systems............................................................ 4-1 Access Doors and Panels..................................................... 4-1 Bus Interior................................................................ 4-1 Roof Hatches.............................................................. 4-1 Use Your Seatbelt!.......................................................... 4-1 LOADING and TRIP START...................................................... 4-2 Hazardous Materials......................................................... 4-3 Forbidden Hazardous Materials................................................ 4-3 Standee Line............................................................... 4-3 At Your Destination.......................................................... 4-3 ON THE ROAD................................................................ 4-3 Passenger Supervision....................................................... 4-3 At Stops.................................................................. 4-4 Common Accidents.......................................................... 4-4 Railroad-Highway Crossings Stops............................................. 4-4 Drawbridges............................................................... 4-4 AFTER-TRIP VEHICLE INSPECTION.............................................. 4-5 PROHIBITED PRACTICES....................................................... 4-5 USE OF BRAKE-DOOR INTERLOCKS............................................. 4-5 SECTION 5 - AIR BRAKES AIR BRAKE SYSTEM PARTS.................................................... 5-1 Air Compressor............................................................. 5-1 Air Compressor Governor..................................................... 5-1 Air Storage Tanks........................................................... 5-1 Air Tank Drains............................................................. 5-1 Alcohol Evaporator.......................................................... 5-2 Safety Valve............................................................... 5-2 The Brake Pedal............................................................ 5-2 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) Foundation Brakes.......................................................... 5-2 Supply Pressure Gauges..................................................... 5-3 Application Pressure Gauge................................................... 5-3 Low Air Pressure Warning.................................................... 5-3 Stop Light Switch........................................................... 5-3 Front Brake Limiting Valve.................................................... 5-3 Spring Brakes.............................................................. 5-3 Parking Brake Controls....................................................... 5-4 Antilock Braking Systems (ABS)................................................ 5-4 DUAL AIR BRAKE............................................................. 5-6 INSPECTING AIR BRAKE SYSTEMS.............................................. 5-6 During Step 2 Engine Compartment Checks...................................... 5-6 During Step 5 Walkaround Inspection........................................... 5-6 Step 7 Final Air Brake Check.................................................. 5-7 USING AIR BRAKES........................................................... 5-8 Normal Stops.............................................................. 5-8 Braking with Antilock Brakes.................................................. 5-8 Emergency Stops........................................................... 5-9 Stopping Distance........................................................... 5-9 Brake Fading or Failure...................................................... 5-9 Proper Braking Technique (SNUB Braking)...................................... 5-10 Low Air Pressure........................................................... 5-10 Parking Brakes............................................................ 5-10 SECTION 6 - COMBINATION VEHICLES DRIVING COMBINATION VEHICLES SAFELY....................................... 6-1 Rollover Risks.............................................................. 6-1 Steer Gently............................................................... 6-1 Brake Early................................................................ 6-1 Railroad-Highway Crossings................................................... 6-2 Prevent Trailer Skids......................................................... 6-3 Turn Wide................................................................. 6-3 Backing with a Trailer........................................................ 6-4 COMBINATION VEHICLE AIR BRAKES............................................ 6-5 Trailer Hand Valve.......................................................... 6-5 Tractor Protection Valve...................................................... 6-5 Tractor Air Supply Control..................................................... 6-5 Trailer Air Lines............................................................. 6-5 Hose Couplers (Glad Hands).................................................. 6-6 Trailer Air Tanks............................................................ 6-7 Shut-Off Valves............................................................. 6-7 Trailer Service, Parking and Emergency Brakes................................... 6-7 ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEMS.................................................... 6-8 Trailers Required to Have ABS................................................. 6-8 Braking with ABS........................................................... 6-8 COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING.................................................. 6-9 Coupling Tractor-Semitrailers.................................................. 6-9 Uncoupling Tractor-Semitrailers............................................... 6-11 PINTLE HOOK............................................................... 6-12 Coupling a Pintle Hook...................................................... 6-12 Uncoupling a Pintle Hook.................................................... 6-12 Coupling a Drawbar........................................................ 6-13 Uncoupling a Drawbar...................................................... 6-14 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) INSPECTING A COMBINATION VEHICLE......................................... 6-15 Additional Things to Check During a Walkaround Inspection......................... 6-15 Combination Vehicle Brake Check............................................. 6-16 SECTION 7 - DOUBLES AND TRIPLES PULLING DOUBLE/TRIPLE TRAILERS............................................. 7-1 Prevent Trailer from Rolling Over............................................... 7-1 Beware of the Crack-the-whip Effect............................................ 7-1 Inspect Completely.......................................................... 7-1 Look Far Ahead............................................................ 7-1 Manage Space............................................................. 7-1 Adverse Conditions.......................................................... 7-1 Parking the Vehicle.......................................................... 7-2 Antilock Braking Systems on Converter Dollies.................................... 7-2 COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING.................................................. 7-2 Coupling Twin Trailers....................................................... 7-2 Uncoupling Twin Trailers..................................................... 7-3 Coupling and Uncoupling Triple Trailers.......................................... 7-3 Coupling and Uncoupling Other Combinations..................................... 7-4 INSPECTING DOUBLES AND TRIPLES............................................ 7-4 Additional Checks........................................................... 7-4 Additional Things to Check During a Walkaround Inspection.......................... 7-5 CHECKING TRIPLES AIR BRAKES................................................ 7-5 Additional Air Brake Checks................................................... 7-5 SECTION 8 - TANK VEHICLES INSPECTING TANK VEHICLES................................................... 8-1 Leaks.................................................................... 8-1 Check Special Purpose Equipment............................................. 8-1 Special Equipment.......................................................... 8-1 Driving Tank Vehicles........................................................ 8-1 High Center of Gravity....................................................... 8-1 Danger of Surge............................................................ 8-2 Bulkheads................................................................. 8-2 Baffled Tanks.............................................................. 8-2 Un-baffled Tanks............................................................ 8-2 Outage................................................................... 8-2 How Much to Load?......................................................... 8-2 SAFE DRIVING RULES......................................................... 8-3 Drive Smoothly............................................................. 8-3 Controlling Surge (Braking)................................................... 8-3 Curves.................................................................... 8-3 Stopping Distance........................................................... 8-3 Skids..................................................................... 8-3 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) SECTION 9 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OVERVIEW AND PROCEDURES................................................. 9-1 THE INTENT OF THE REGULATIONS............................................. 9-3 Contain the Material......................................................... 9-3 Communicate the Risk....................................................... 9-3 Assure Safe Drivers and Equipment............................................. 9-3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION—WHO DOES WHAT.................... 9-4 The Shipper............................................................... 9-4 The Carrier................................................................ 9-4 The Driver................................................................. 9-4 COMMUNICATION RULES...................................................... 9-4 Definitions................................................................. 9-4 Package Labels............................................................ 9-5 Lists of Regulated Products................................................... 9-5 The Shipping Paper......................................................... 9-8 The Item Description......................................................... 9-8 Shipper’s Certification........................................................ 9-9 Package Markings and Labels................................................. 9-9 Recognizing Hazardous Materials............................................. 9-10 Hazardous Waste Manifest................................................... 9-10 Placarding................................................................ 9-10 Placard Tables............................................................ 9-11 LOADING AND UNLOADING.................................................... 9-12 General Loading Requirements............................................... 9-12 BULK PACKAGING MARKING, LOADING AND UNLOADING.......................... 9-15 Markings................................................................. 9-15 Tank Loading............................................................. 9-15 Flammable Liquids......................................................... 9-15 Compressed Gas.......................................................... 9-15 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS - DRIVING AND PARKING RULES......................... 9-16 Parking with Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 Explosives.................................. 9-16 Parking a Placarded Vehicle Not Transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 Class A or B Explosives..................................................... 9-16 Attending Parked Vehicles................................................... 9-16 No Flares!................................................................ 9-16 Route Restrictions.......................................................... 9-17 No Smoking.............................................................. 9-17 Refuel with Engine Off...................................................... 9-17 10 B:C Fire Extinguisher..................................................... 9-17 Check Tires............................................................... 9-17 Where to Keep Shipping Papers and Emergency Response Information............... 9-17 Equipment for Chlorine...................................................... 9-18 Stop Before Railroad Crossings............................................... 9-18 EMERGENCIES – HAZARDOUS MATERIALS...................................... 9-18 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)........................................ 9-18 Crashes/Incidents.......................................................... 9-18 Fires.................................................................... 9-19 Responses to Specific Hazards............................................... 9-20 Required Notification....................................................... 9-20 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS GLOSSARY........................................... 9-24 Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual Table of Contents (continued) PART THREE SECTION 10M - VEHICLE INSPECTION TEST INTERNAL INSPECTION..................................................... 10M-2 PASSENGER AND SCHOOL BUS ONLY......................................... 10M-5 SCHOOL BUS ONLY......................................................... 10M-6 LIGHTS AND OPERATION CHECK (ALL VEHICLES)............................... 10M-6 EXTERNAL INSPECTION (ALL VEHICLES)....................................... 10M-7 COMBINATION VEHICLES................................................... 10M-11 SECTION 11M - BASIC VEHICLE CONTROL SKILLS TEST SCORING................................................................. 11M-1 EXERCISES................................................................ 11M-2 SECTION 12 - ON ROAD DRIVING TEST HOW YOU WILL BE TESTED................................................... 12-1 PLACARD SUBSTITUTION GUIDES Table of Contents Commercial Driver’s License Manual PART ONE 1. Introduction 2. Driving Safely 3. Transporting Cargo Safely THIS PART IS FOR ALL COMMERCIAL DRIVERS Commercial Driver’s License Manual SECTION 1 ¬Introduction ¬KNOWLEDGE TESTS ¬CDL ¬GVWR ¬Serious Traffic Violations THIS SECTION IS FOR ALL COMMERCIAL DRIVERS Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION Determining Class of CDL Required This Section Covers Commercial Driver’s License Tests Figure 1.1 Medical Documentation Requirements Determining Class of CDL Required Driver Disqualifications Other Safety Rules Is the GCWR Is the GVWR 26,001 or of the trailer/ International Registration Program more YES towed unit YES CLASS “A” pounds? 10,001 or more pounds As a result of the Federal Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986, Pennsylvania established a Commercial Driver NO Licensing Program. This program has been developed to improve driver quality, ensure commercial drivers have the Is the GVWR of the power NO skills needed to operate commercial vehicles and to prevent unit 26,001 or YES CLASS “B” more pounds? drivers from having more than one driver’s license. The program requires you to have a CDL if you operate or plan to operate any of the following Commercial Motor Vehicles NO (CMVs): Is the vehicle transporting a) A combination of vehicles with a gross combination hazardous materials in a YES CLASS “C” weight rating (GCWR) of 26,001 pounds or more, placardable provided the vehicle being towed is in excess of quantity 10,000 pounds. NO b) A single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating Is the vehicle (GVWR) of 26,001 or more pounds. designed to transport 16 c) A vehicle designed to transport 16 or more persons, or more passengers YES including the driver. (11or more if CLASS “C” school bus) d) A school bus designed to carry 11 passengers or more, including the driver? including the driver. e) Any size vehicle, which transports hazardous materials and is required to be placarded in accordance with NO No CDL Required federal regulations. Gross combination weight rating (GCWR) f) Any size vehicle used in the transportation of any material Means the value specified by the manufacturer of the power unit, if the value is displayed on the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) certification label; or the sum that requires hazardous materials placards or any of the gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWRs) or the gross vehicle weights (GVWs) of the power unit and the towed unit(s), or any combination thereof, that produces the quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in highest value. 42 CFR 73. Federal regulations through the Department (The underlined and italicized text above is for use by roadside enforcement only for the of Homeland Security require a background check and purpose of determining whether the driver/vehicle is subject to CDL regulations. It is not used to determine whether a vehicle is representative for the purpose of Skills testing). fingerprinting for the Hazardous Materials endorsement. Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a single vehicle. To get a CDL, you must complete Entry Level Driver Training (if applicable), pass knowledge and skills tests. This manual NOTE: A bus may be a Class A, B, or C depending on whether the GVWR is over 26,001 pounds or is a combination vehicle. will help you pass the tests. This manual is not a substitute for a truck driver training class or program. Formal training is the most reliable way to learn the many special skills required for safely driving a large commercial vehicle and becoming a professional driver in the trucking industry. Figure 1.1 helps you determine if you need a CDL Section-1 Introduction 1-1 Commercial Driver’s License Manual Exemptions: You do not need a CDL to drive military equipment while in military uniform; certain fire and emergency equipment owned by a fire company; or recreational vehicles; implements of husbandry; or certain motorized construction equipment. This section examines the requirements of the CDL and how you can get your CDL. As part of the Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) amended the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) to require interstate commercial driver's license (CDL) holders, subject to the physical qualification requirements of the FMCSRs, to provide a current copy of their Medical Examiner's Certificate (also known as the U.S. DOT Physical card) to their State Driver Licensing Agency. Interstate is defined as trade, traffic or transportation in the United States: Between a place in a State and place outside of such State (including a place outside of the United States); or Between two places in a State through another State or a place outside of the United States; or Between two places in a State as part of trade, traffic, or transportation originating or terminating outside the State or the United States. In addition, Pennsylvania regulations (Title 67, Chapter 231: http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/067/chapter231/067_0231.pdf) relating to CDL holders who operate in intrastate commerce incorporate the FMCSRs by reference, therefore requiring, with limited exception, nearly all commercial drivers to submit a copy of their Medical Examiner's Certificate to PennDOT. These regulations will ensure that accurate and up-to-date information about the CDL holder's Medical Examiner's Certificate will be contained in the electronic driving record. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) established federal regulations requiring entry-level drivers to complete entry level driver training (ELDT) when they are seeking a Class A or B Commercial Driver License (CDL) for the first time, upgrading to a Class A or B CDL or obtaining a passenger (P), school bus (S) or a hazardous material (H) endorsement for the first time. FMCSA’s Entry Level Driver Training (ELDT) regulations set the baseline for minimum training requirements for entry-level drivers. Entry-level driver applicants must obtain training from a training provider listed on the Training Provider Registry (TPR). For the most updated information regarding ELDT federal regulations, please visit the FMCSA website at www.fmcsa.dot.gov. The information above is subject to change based on guidance from the FMCSA or any amendment to the federal rules and regulations. For information on CDL’s please see below: Call us at 717-412-5300 TTY callers - please dial 711 to reach us Monday through Friday: 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. Visit our website at www.dmv.pa.gov or write: PennDOT - Bureau of Driver Licensing CDL Program, P.O. Box 68679 Harrisburg, PA 17106-8679 1-2 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual CLASSIFICATIONS With the implementation of the Commercial Driver Licensing Program, Pennsylvania adopted the Federal classification system. CDL classifications include: CLASS A A Class A license is issued to those persons 18 years of age or older who have demonstrated their qualifications to operate any combination of vehicles with a GCWR of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the GVWR of the vehicle or vehicles being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds. The holder of a Class A license is qualified to operate vehicles for which a Class B or Class C license is issued. Where required, appropriate endorsements must be obtained. CLASS B A Class B license is issued to those persons 18 years of age or older who have demonstrated their qualifications to operate any single vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more or any such vehicle towing a vehicle having a GVWR of not more than 10,000 pounds. The holder of a Class B license is qualified to operate vehicles for which a Class C license is issued. Where required, appropriate endorsements must be obtained. CLASS C A Class C license is issued to those persons 18 years of age or older who have demonstrated their qualifications to operate any single vehicle with a GVWR of not more than 26,000 pounds or any combination of vehicles, except combination vehicles involving motorcycles, not meeting the definition of a Class A or Class B vehicle. Where required, appropriate endorsements must be obtained. NOTE: You must be 21 years of age or older to operate a Commercial Motor Vehicle interstate. This applies to ALL classes. In addition to the CDL classes, there are also special endorsements and restrictions you must have to drive certain types of commercial vehicles. They are: ENDORSEMENTS/RESTRICTIONS ENDORSEMENTS H - Required to drive a vehicle with hazardous materials placards (you must be 21 years of age). N - Required to drive a tank vehicle. (49 CFR 383.5 Definitions) T - Required to drive double and triple trailers. P - Required to drive a vehicle designed to carry 16 passengers or more, including the driver (buses). S - Required to drive a school bus designed to carry 11 passengers or more, including the driver. X - Represents a combination of the hazardous materials and tank vehicle endorsements (you must be 21 years of age). RESTRICTIONS A - Restricts the driver to only drive within an exempt intracity zone (49 CFR § 391.62). E - Prohibits driving a commercial motor vehicle equipped with a manual transmission. G - Indicates the driver is qualified medically by operation of 49 CFR § 391.62. K - Restricts driver to intrastate driving. L - Restricts the driver to vehicles not equipped with air brakes. M - Passenger endorsement restriction – cannot drive Class A buses. N - Passenger endorsement restriction – cannot drive Class A or B buses. O - Prohibits a Class A driver from driving a truck tractor-semi trailer combination with a fifth wheel connection. P - Prohibits a learning driver from driving a commercial motor vehicle bus containing passengers (will appear on commerical learner’s permit only. Q - Requires the driver to wear corrective lenses while driving a commercial motor vehicle. S - Restricts the driver to only operate school buses in the class or lower class indicated on license. (PA only restriction) V - Indicates the driver is qualified and has been issued a medical variance. (Medical variance documentation must be carried at all times when operating a commercial motor vehicle.) X - Prohibits a learning driver from driving tank vehicles carrying cargo (will appear on commercial learner’s permit only). Y - Requires the driver to wear a hearing aid(s) while driving a commercial motor vehicle. Z - Prohibits driving a commercial motor vehicle with full air brakes. Section-1 Introduction 1-3 Commercial Driver’s License Manual 1.1 – COMMERCIAL DRIVER LICENSE TESTS 1.1.1 – Knowledge Tests You will have to take one or more knowledge tests, depending on what class of license and what endorsements you need. The CDL knowledge tests include: General Knowledge Test: Commercial Driver’s License applicants must pass a written test to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the laws, rules and regulations regarding the operation of Commercial Motor Vehicle(s) you intend to drive. A Commercial Motor Vehicle is defined as follows: a) Has a gross combination weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more providing the GVWR of the vehicle being towed is in excess of 10,000; pounds or b) Has a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more; or c) Is designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver; or d) A school bus designed to carry 11 passengers or more, including the driver; or e) Any size vehicle used in the transportation of materials found to be hazardous for the purpose of the Hazardous Material Transportation Act, which require the motor vehicle to be placarded under the Hazardous Materials Regulations. Passenger Knowledge Test: Required by all bus drivers, including the operation of a School Bus as defined in Title 75 (PA Vehicle Code), Chapter 15, Sections 1508 and 1509. Air Brakes Knowledge Test: You must take the Air Brake Knowledge Test if your vehicle has air brakes, including air over hydraulic brakes. Combination Vehicle Knowledge Test: The combination vehicles test is required if you want to drive combination vehicles (Class A). Hazardous Materials Knowledge Test: The hazardous materials test is required if you want to haul hazardous materials or waste in amounts that require placarding or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR 73. In addition, to comply with federal requirements, you will need to provide proof of U.S. citizenship or appropriate immigration status; (refer to PUB 195NC) complete a Federal Security Threat Assessment (DL-288); pay additional federal fees; have your fingerprints taken; and successfully complete a federal criminal history background check. The Hazardous Materials endorsement must be recertified every four years. To recertify, you must take and pass the Hazardous Materials Knowledge Test and successfully complete the Security Threat Assessment. Tanker Knowledge Test: The tanker test is required if you want to haul a liquid or liquid gas in a permanently mounted cargo tank rated at 119 gallons or more or a portable tank rated at 1,000 gallons or more. Double / Triples Knowledge Test: The doubles/triples test is required if you want to pull double or triple trailers. 1-4 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual School Bus Knowledge Test: The School Bus test is required if you want to drive a school bus. New certification includes a minimum 14 hour classroom and minimum 6 hour in-bus training. A School Bus endorsement must be recertified every four years. To recertify, the applicant must take and pass the School Bus Knowledge Test, skills evaluation and must complete required 7 hours of classroom and 3 hours in-bus skills evaluation. 1.1.2 – Skills Tests If you pass the required knowledge test(s), you can take the CDL skills tests. There are three types of general skills that will be tested and must be completed and successfully passed in the following order: vehicle inspection, basic vehicle control and on-road driving. You must take these tests in the type of vehicle for which you want to be licensed. After receiving your learner’s permit, Pennsylvania law requires you wait 15 days before you may take your Class A, B or C skills testing. Any vehicle that has components marked or labeled cannot be used for the “Vehicle Inspection Test”. Please note if you make any changes and/or upgrades on your CDL learner’s permit the 15 day wait is recalculated based on the new issuance date of your CDL learner’s permit. Vehicle Inspection: You will be tested to see if you know whether your vehicle is safe to drive. You will be asked to do a inspection of your vehicle and explain to the examiner what you would inspect and why. You and the examiner will perform a walk around safety inspection of the test vehicle. The vehicle safety inspection shall consist of check- ing the exterior, the interior, and under the hood or engine compartment of the vehicle. If the vehicle is air brake equipped, you will be required to complete an air brake test on the vehicle. Basic Vehicle Control: Next you will be tested on your skill to control the vehicle. You will be asked to move your vehicle forward, backward and turn it within a defined area. These areas may be marked with traffic lanes, cones, barriers or something similar. The examiner will tell you how each control test is to be done. You will be required to perform four (4) required exercises in sequence. You will be scored on how well you stay within the exercise bound- aries, how many times you move forward and final vehicle position. The basic control skills will be administered based on the layout of the test site. On the Road Skills Test: Finally you will be taken over a route specified by the examiner. You will be tested on your skill to safely drive your vehicle in a variety of traffic situations. The situations may include: left and right turns; intersections; railroad crossings; curves; up and down grades; single or multi-lane roads; streets or highways. The examiner will score specific tasks: such as turns; merging into traffic; lane changes and speed control at specific places along the route. The examiner will also score whether you correctly do tasks such as signaling, searching for hazards, controlling speed and lane positioning. This manual will help you pass the CDL test. Figure 1.2 details which sections of this manual you should study for each particular class of license and for each endorsement. If you need the School Bus “S” endorsement, you need to also study the School Bus Driver’s Manual (PUB 117) and passenger vehicle information in Section 4 of this manual. When you have successfully completed all of your required CDL knowledge and skills tests, you will be issued a CDL Driving Document (camera card or photo license). Upon receipt of your camera card, you should go to a Photo License Center, have your picture taken and receive your CDL. You will need to take acceptable proof of identification to the photo license technician. Section-1 Introduction 1-5 Commercial Driver’s License Manual Note: There are questions and answers for specific tests that are found in other sections besides those specified in the “study sections” below. Figure 1.2 REQUIRED LICENSE AND STUDY AID CHART TYPE OF CDL IF YOU WANT TO DRIVE YOU NEED STUDY SECTION(S)* Any combination of vehicles with a CLASS A Section 2: Driving Safely GCWR of 26,001 or more pounds Section 3: Transporting Cargo Safely provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) Section 6: Combination Vehicles being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds With Double or Triple Trailers T Endorsement Section 7: Double or Triple Trailers Tank Vehicle N Endorsement Section 8: Tank Vehicles Hazardous Materials H Endorsement Section 9: Hazardous Materials With Air Brakes Section 5: Air Brakes With Partial Air Brakes Z Restriction Without Air Brakes L Restriction Any single vehicle with a GVWR of CLASS B Section 2: Driving Safely 26,001 or more pounds, or any bus Section 3: Transporting Cargo Safely or school bus, or any such vehicle towing a vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds Tank Vehicle N Endorsement Section 8: Tank Vehicles Carrying Passengers P Endorsement Section 4: Transporting Passengers School Bus P & S Endorsement Section 4: Transporting Passengers and the Pennsylvania School Bus Driver’s Manual (PUB 117) Hazardous Materials H Endorsement Section 9: Hazardous Materials With Air Brakes Section 5: Air Brakes With Partial Air Brakes Z Restriction Without Air Brakes L Restriction Any single vehicle with a GVWR of less CLASS C Section 2: Driving Safely than 26,001 pounds or any such vehicle Section 3: Transporting Cargo Safely towing a vehicle not in excess of 10,000 pounds, including any bus designed to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver or a school bus designed to transport 11 or more passengers, including the driver. Carrying Passengers P Endorsement Section 4: Transporting Passengers School Bus P & S Endorsement Section 4: Transporting Passengers and the Pennsylvania School Bus Driver’s Manual (PUB 117) Hazardous Materials H Endorsement Section 9: Hazardous Materials With Air Brakes Section 5: Air Brakes With Partial Air Brakes Z Restriction Without Air Brakes L Restriction * Study sections provided as a guide. Questions may be drawn from other related sections of the CDL Manual. 1-6 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual 1.1.3 Applying for a CDL When You are Already Licensed in Pennsylvania You must be licensed as a non-commercial driver in Pennsylvania in order to obtain a CDL. You will apply for your permit(s) using form DL-31CD, Application for Commercial Learner’s Permit. In addition, you must also self-certify the type of driving in which you intend to engage using a DL-11CD.The most current version of these forms can be found on our website at www.dmv.pa.gov. Forms are also available at our Driver License Centers and at most messenger services and auto clubs in Pennsylvania. The DL-31CD is also used by licensed PA CDL drivers to upgrade or add endorsements to current CDL privileges. When completing an application for the permits needed to upgrade your non-commercial driver’s license to a CDL, you will need to pay an increased annual license fee and a photo fee, in addition to the permit fees for any privileges requested. The increase fee required as part of your higher annual fee will be prorated based on how many years, full or partial, are remaining on your current non-commercial drivers license. The actual license for a Commercial driver must always contain the correct information. While you may have received an endorsement card when information changed on your non-commercial driver’s license, once you pass your testing for your CDL, you will receive a new photo driver’s license to reflect your new CDL status. (This requirement also means that if you hold a CDL and have a change of name or address, you will need to apply for a duplicate driver’s license to record your change.) The fee for your CDL permit(s) will be based on how many privileges you apply for as part of your application. There are fees for each class, endorsement and restriction removal. Any knowledge testing required must be completed prior to you being eligible for skills testing. When your application is processed, you will be issued a knowledge test authorization if any privileges applied for require a knowledge test. Once you successfully complete your knowledge test(s), the Driver License Center will issue you the skill permit for your skills testing. NOTE: The FMCSA final rules require license holders to (in-person) prove citizenship or legal presence in the form of a birth certificate, with a raised seal (U.S. issued by an authorized government agency, including U.S. territories or Puerto Rico), passport, naturalization documents or current immigration documents. (Please note that Non-U.S. birth certificates will not be accepted. No other birth documents will be accepted.) All new CDL applicants and current holders required to renew or make any changes or upgrades to their CDL will need to do so in person unless the documents have already been presented to PennDOT. The requirements to prove citizenship or legal presence for permanent residents and citizens will only need to be done once as a notation will be made on your record confirming the verification was made and the date it was made. Additionally, residency documents will be required initially, at renewal and anytime an address change occurs. Proof of residency can be accomplished by providing one of the following: Tax Records, Lease Agreements, Mortgage Documents, W-2 Form, Current Weapons Permit, Current Utility Bills (water, gas, electric, cable, etc.), your renewal notice or current license. 1.1.4 Applying for a PA CDL When Licensed in Another State If you are a new resident and wish to apply for a Pennsylvania CDL, you must surrender all valid driver’s licenses issued to you by any other state(s). The Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act requires that no person shall have more than one valid driver’s license at any time. Pennsylvania can prohibit issuance of driver license products to an out-of-state address. To surrender your out-of-state driver’s license and to apply for a Pennsylvania Driver’s License, you should go to a PennDOT Driver License Center and take the following documents with you: (1) Your valid out-of-state driver’s license, (3) Proof of identity, and (2) Your Social Security Card, (4) Two proofs of residency (Non-U.S. citizens will have additional requirements.) Acceptable proof of identity includes: Birth Certificate with raised seal (U.S. issued by an authorized government agency, including U.S. Territories or Puerto Rico. Non-U.S. birth certificates will not be accepted.) Please note effective PennDOT no longer accepts Puerto Rico birth certificates issued before July1, 2010. Certificate of U.S. Citizenship (BCIS/INS Form N-560) Certificate of Naturalization (BCIS/INS Form N-550 or N-570) Valid U.S. Passport NOTE: Only valid passports and original documents will be accepted. Acceptable documents for proof of residency include: Current Utility Bills (water, gas, electric, cable, phone, etc.) Mortgage Documents Tax Records W-2 Form Lease Agreements Current Weapons Permit Section-1 Introduction 1-7 Commercial Driver’s License Manual NOTE: If you reside with someone, and have no bills in your name, you will still need to provide two proofs of residency. One proof is to bring the person with whom you reside along with their drivers license or photo ID to the Driver License Center. You will also need to provide a second proof of residency such as official mail (bank statement, tax notice, etc.) that has your name and address on it. The address must match that of the person with whom you reside. If the driver’s license you surrender is a valid CDL, you will then be required to undergo a vision screening. Additional testing will be required to be licensed to transport hazardous material(s) or drive a school bus. If the driver’s license you surrender is not a CDL, you will be issued a non-commercial driver’s license and you will have to apply for the proper learner’s permit before you will be permitted to operate a commercial motor vehicle in Pennsylvania. The learner’s permit entitles you to drive only the type of vehicle for which you have applied. To drive with a commercial learner’s permit, you must be accompanied by a person who has a valid driver’s license for the type of vehicle you are driving. This person must occupy the seat beside you and be at least 21 years of age. 1.2 – MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS If you are applying for a CDL Permit; or are renewing, upgrading, adding endorsements to a CDL; or transferring a CDL from another state, you are required to provide information to your State Driver’s License Agency (SDLA) regarding the type of commercial motor vehicle operation you drive in or expect to drive in with your CDL. Drivers operating in certain types of commerce will be required to submit a current medical examiner’s certificate and/or any medical variance documents that you have been issued (i.e. Vision, Skills Performance or Diabetic waivers, or other exemptions) to your SDLA to obtain a “certified” medical status as part of your CDLIS driving record. If you are required to have a ”certified” medical status and fail to keep your medical examiner’s certificate up-to-date you will become ”not-certified” and your CDL will be downgraded. For the purpose of complying with the new requirements for medical certification, it is important to know how you are using the CMV. The following information will help you decide how to self-certify: 1.2.1 – Interstate or Intrastate Commerce Do you, or will you, use a CDL to operate a CMV in interstate or intrastate commerce? Interstate commerce is when you drive a CMV: From one State to another State or a foreign country; Between two places within a State, but during part of the trip, the CMV crosses into another State or foreign country; or Between two places within a State, but the cargo or passengers are part of a trip that began or will end in another State or foreign country. Intrastate commerce is when you drive a CMV within a State and you do not meet any of the descriptions above for interstate commerce. If you operate in both intrastate commerce and interstate commerce, you must choose interstate commerce. 1.2.2 – Inter/Intrastate Commerce: Status Non-excepted or Excepted? Once you decide whether you will operate in interstate commerce or intrastate commerce, you must decide whether you will operate (or expect to operate) in a non-excepted or excepted status. This decision will tell you to which of the four types of commerce you must self-certify. Interstate Commerce: You operate in excepted interstate commerce when you drive a CMV in interstate commerce only for the following excepted activities: To transport school children and/or school staff between home and school; As Federal, State or local government employees; 1-8 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual To transport human corpses or sick or injured persons; Fire truck or rescue vehicle drivers during emergencies and other related activities; Primarily in the transportation of propane winter heating fuel when responding to an emergency condition requiring immediate response such as damage to a propane gas system after a storm or flooding; In Response to a pipeline emergency condition requiring immediate response such as a pipeline leak or rupture; In custom harvesting on a farm or to transport farm machinery and supplies used in the custom harvesting operation to and from a farm or to transport custom harvested crops to storage or market; Beekeeper in the seasonal transportation of bees; Controlled and operated by a farmer, but is not a combination vehicle (power unit and towed unit), and is used to transport agricultural products, farm machinery or farm supplies (no placardable hazardous materials) to and from a farm and within 150 air-miles of the farm; As a private motor carrier of passengers for non-business purposes ; or To transport migrant workers. If you answered yes to one or more of the above activities as the only operation in which you drive, you operate in excepted interstate commerce and do not need a Federal medical examiner’s certificate. If you answered no to all of the above activities, you operate in non-excepted interstate commerce and are required to provide a current medical examiner’s certificate (49 CFR 391.45), commonly referred to as a medical certificate or DOT Physical card, to your State Driver Licensing Agency (SDLA). Most CDL holders who drive CMVs in interstate commerce are non-excepted interstate commerce drivers. If you operate in both excepted interstate commerce and non-excepted interstate commerce, you must choose non- excepted interstate commerce to be qualified to operate in both types of interstate commerce. Intrastate Commerce: You operate in excepted Intrastate commerce when you drive a CMV only in intrastate commerce activities for which your State of licensure has determined do not require you to meet the State’s medical certification requirements. You operate in non-excepted intrastate commerce when you drive a CMV only in intrastate commerce and are required to meet your State of licensure’s medical certification requirements. If you operate in both excepted intrastate commerce and non-excepted intrastate commerce, you must choose non- excepted intrastate commerce. 1.2.3 – Self-Certification Statements When completing an application for your CDL, you will be required to check the box next to the statement that describes your status. NI - Interstate non-excepted: I drive a commercial vehicle both in and outside the boundaries of Pennsylvania, and I currently carry a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (DOT PHYSICAL CARD). NA - Interstate excepted: I drive a commercial vehicle only within the boundaries of Pennsylvania, and I currently carry a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (DOT PHYSICAL CARD). EI - Intrastate non-excepted: I drive a commercial vehicle both in and outside the boundaries of Pennsylvania, and I DO NOT carry a Medical Examiner’s Certificate. EI - Intrastate excepted: I drive a commercial vehicle only within the boundaries of Pennsylvania, and I DO NOT carry a Medical Examiner’s Certificate. Section-1 Introduction 1-9 Commercial Driver’s License Manual 1.3 – DRIVER DISQUALIFICATIONS 1.3.1 – General You may not drive a commercial motor vehicle (CMV), if you are disqualified for any reason. 1.3.2 – Alcohol, Leaving the Scene of an Accident and Commission of a Felony It is illegal to operate a CMV if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is.04% or more. If you operate a CMV, you shall be deemed to have given your consent to alcohol testing. You will lose your CDL for at least one (1) year for a first offense for: Driving a CMV if your blood alcohol concentration is.04% or higher. Driving a CMV under the influence of alcohol. Refusing to undergo blood alcohol testing. Driving a CMV while under the influence of a controlled substance. Leaving the scene of an accident involving a CMV. Committing a felony involving the use of a CMV. Crashes involving death or personal injury while driving a CMV. Crashes involving damage to unattended vehicle or property while driving a CMV. Driving a CMV while your driving privilege is suspended, revoked, cancelled or recalled or while subject to disqualification of an out-of-state service order. Using a CMV to commit a felony. You will lose your CDL for at least three (3) years if the offense occurs while you are operating a CMV that is placarded for hazardous materials. You will lose your CDL for life for a second offense. You will lose your CDL for life if you use a CMV to commit a felony involving controlled substances. You will be put out-of-service for 24 hours if you have any detectable amount of alcohol under.04%. If you drive a school vehicle or school bus when your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0.02% or more, you are driving under the influence of alcohol. If you drive any other type of commercial vehicle and your BAC is 0.04% or more, you are driving under the influence of alcohol. You will lose your CDL for one year for your first offense. If your blood alcohol concentration is less than 0.02% for school bus and school vehicle drivers, or less than 0.04% for other commercial motor vehicle drivers, but you have any detectable amount, you can be placed out-of-service for up to 30 days. Pennsylvania’s Implied Consent Law As a commercial driver, it is very important that you understand PA’s “Implied Consent” law. If a police officer has reasonable ground to believe that you were driving a CMV while having any alcohol in your system and you refuse to take one or more chemical tests of breath, blood or urine, your driving privilege will be suspended for one (1) year (12 months), or 18 months if you have a prior refusal or DUI conviction on your driving record. A single refusal violation, combined with a DUI conviction would cause your driving privilege to be suspended for at least two (2) years (longer, if you have a prior refusal or DUI convictions). The law covering chemical testing says you have agreed to take such a test just by being licensed to drive in Pennsylvania. Even if you are found not guilty of driving while under the influence, your driving privilege will be suspended for at least one (1) year if you refuse to take a blood, breath or urine test. In addition, if you are involved in a crash involving a motor carrier vehicle or CMV, and a police officer is required to investigate, you will be required to submit to testing for alcohol or controlled substances, with the cost for testing to be paid by your employer. If you refuse to submit to alcohol or controlled substance testing, and are convicted under Section 3756, you will be subject to fines of up to $200 (plus costs). These rules will improve highway safety for you and all highway users. 1 - 10 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual NOTE: The penalties identified in this publication may be revised, in whole or in part, by the General Assembly at any time. Please refer to Title 75 PA Vehicle Code, or the PA Bulletin for specific regulations and updates. 1.3.3 – Serious Traffic Violations Serious traffic violations are excessive speeding (15 mph or more above the posted limit), reckless driving, improper or erratic lane changes, following a vehicle too closely and traffic offenses committed in a CMV in connection with fatal traffic accidents. You will lose your CDL: For at least 60 days if you have committed two serious traffic violations within a three-year period involving a CMV. For at least 120 days for three serious traffic violations within a three-year period involving a CMV. “Serious traffic violations” include but are not limited to: traffic offenses committed in a CMV in connection with fatal traffic accidents, excessive speeding, reckless driving or eluding the police. 1.3.4 – Violation of Out-of-Service Orders You will lose your CDL: For at least 90 days if you have committed your first violation of an out-of-service violation order. For at least one (1) year if you have committed two (2) out-of-service violation orders in a (10) year period. For at least three (3) years if you have committed three or more out-of-service violation orders in a (10) year period. 1.3.5 – Railroad-highway Grade Crossing Violations You will lose your CDL: For at least 60 days for your first violation. For at least 120 days for your second violation within any three-year period. For at least one year for your third violation within any three-year period. These violations include violation of a federal, state or local law or regulation pertaining to one of the following six offenses at a railroad-highway grade crossing: For drivers who are not required to always stop, failing to stop before reaching the crossing if the tracks are not clear. For drivers who are not required to always stop, failing to slow down and check that the tracks are clear of an approaching train. For drivers who are always required to stop, failing to stop before driving onto the crossing. For all drivers failing to have sufficient space to drive completely through the crossing without stopping. For all drivers failing to obey a traffic control device or the directions of an enforcement official at the crossing. For all drivers failing to negotiate a crossing because of insufficient undercarriage clearance. 1.3.6 – Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Endorsement Background Check and Disqualifications If you require a hazardous materials endorsement, you will be required to submit your fingerprints and be subject to a background check. You will be denied or you will lose your HAZMAT endorsement if you: Are not a lawful permanent resident of the United States. Renounce your United States citizenship. Are wanted or under indictment for certain felonies. Have a conviction in military or civilian court for certain felonies. Have been adjudicated as lacking mental capacity or have been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility as specified in 49 CFR 1572.109. Are considered to pose a security threat as determined by the Transportation Security Administration. The background check procedures vary from state to state. (Jurisdiction to Jurisdiction) Section-1 Introduction 1 - 11 Commercial Driver’s License Manual 1.3.7 – Traffic Violations in Your Personal Vehicle The Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act (MCSIA) of 1999 requires a CDL holder to be disqualified from operating a commercial motor vehicle if the CDL holder has been convicted of certain types of moving violations in their personal vehicle. If your driving privilege to operate your personal vehicle is revoked, cancelled or suspended due to violations of traffic (other than parking violations) you will lose your CDL driving privilege. If your driving privilege to operate your personal vehicle is revoked, cancelled or suspended due to alcohol violations, controlled substance or felony you will lose your CDL for one (1) year. If you are convicted of a second alcohol conviction in your personal vehicle you will lose your CDL for life. If your license to operate your personal vehicle is revoked, cancelled, or suspended you may not obtain a “hardship” license to operate a CMV. 1.4 – OTHER SAFETY RULES There are other federal and state rules that affect drivers operating CMVs in all states. Among them are: You cannot have more than one (1) license. If you break this law, a court may fine you up to $5,000 or put you in jail and keep your home state license and return any others. You must notify your employer within 30 days of conviction for any traffic violations (except parking). This is true no matter what type of vehicle you were driving. You must notify PennDOT within 30 days if you are convicted in any other jurisdiction of any traffic violation (except parking). This is true no matter what type of vehicle you were driving. You must notify your employer if your driver’s license is suspended, revoked, or canceled or if you are disqualified from driving. You must give your employer information on all driving jobs you have held for the past 10 years. You must do this when you apply for a commercial driving job. No one can drive a CMV in Pennsylvania without a CDL. A court may fine you up to $5,000 or put you in jail for breaking this law. If you have a hazardous materials endorsement, you must notify and surrender your hazardous materials endorsement to the state that issued your CDL within 24 hours of any conviction or indictment in any jurisdiction, civilian or military, or found not guilty by reason of insanity of a disqualifying crime listed in 49 CFR 1572.103; who is adjudicated as lacking mental capacity or have been involuntarily committed to a mental health facility as specified in 49 CFR 1572.109; or who renounces their U. S. citizenship. Your employer may not let you drive a CMV if you have more than one (1) license or if your CDL is suspended or revoked (this includes cancellations and disqualifications). A court may fine the employer up to $5,000 or put them in jail for breaking this rule. All states are connected to one (1) computerized system to share information about CDL drivers. PennDOT will check on your driving records to be sure that you do not have more than one CDL. Commercial drivers engaged in certain types of driving are required to also submit a valid Medical Examiner's Certificate in order to maintain commercial licensure. NI - Non-Excepted Interstate Transportation: Interstate drivers who are subject to the Federal Physical Qualifications and Examination regulations. A Medical Examiner's Certificate must accompany the Self-Certification Form (DL-11CD). NA - Non-Excepted Intrastate Transportation: Intrastate drivers who are subject to the Federal Physical Qualifications and Examination regulations. A Medical Examiner's Certificate must accompany the Self-Certification Form (DL-11CD). You are not allowed to hold a mobile telephone to conduct a voice communication or dial a mobile telephone by pressing more than a single button when driving. You are not allowed to send or read text messages while driving. You must be properly restrained by a safety belt at all times while operating a commercial motor vehicle. The safety belt design holds the driver securely behind the wheel during a crash, helping the driver to control the vehicle and reduces the chance of serious injury or death. If you do not wear a safety belt, you are four times more likely to be fatally injured if you are thrown from the vehicle. Your state may have additional rules that you must also obey. 1 - 12 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual (Additional information, including examples, is available in the commercial driver information center on our website at www.dmv.pa.gov.) 1.4.1 Hours of Service Regulations PROPERTY CARRYING - DRIVERS 1-Hour Driving Limit. May drive a maximum of 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty. 14-Hour Driving Limit. May not drive beyond the 14th consecutive hour after coming on duty, following 10 consecutive hours off duty. Off-duty times does not extend the 14-hour period. Rest Breaks. May drive only if 8 hours or less have passed since end of driver's last off-duty or sleeper berth period of at least 30 minutes. Does not apply to drivers using either of the short-haul exceptions in 395.1(e). (49 CFR 397.5 mandatory "in attendance" time may be included in break if no other duties performed). PASSENGER-CARRYING DRIVERS 10-Hour Driving Limit. May drive a maximum of 10 hours after 8 consecutive hours off duty. Off duty time is not in- cluded in the 15-hour period. 15- Hour Driving Limit. May not drive after having been on duty for 15 hours, following 8 consecutive hours off duty. Off duty time is not included in the 15-hour period. 60/70 - Hour Limit May not drive after 60/70 hours on duty in 7/8 consecutive days. A driver may restart a 7/8 con- secutive day period after taking 34 or more consecutive hours off duty. 1.4.2 Whistle blower Protection The right of an employee to question the safety practices of an employer without the employee's risk of losing a job or being subject to reprisals simply for stating a safety concern (29 CFR Part 1978) 1.5 – INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION PLAN INTERNATIONAL FUEL TAX AGREEMENT If you operate a CDL required vehicle in interstate commerce, the vehicle, with few exceptions, is required to be registered under the International Registration Plan (IRP) and the International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA). These federally mandated programs provide for the equitable collection and distribution of vehicle license fees and motor fuels taxes for vehicles traveling throughout the 48 contiguous United States and 10 Canadian provinces. Under the IRP, jurisdictions must register apportioned vehicles which includes issuing license plates and cab cards or proper credentials, calculate, collect and distribute IRP fees, audit carriers for accuracy of reported distance and fees and enforce IRP requirements. Registrant responsibilities under the Plan include applying for IRP registration with base jurisdiction, providing proper documentation for registration, paying appropriate IRP registration fees, properly displaying registration credentials, maintaining accurate distance records, and making records available for jurisdiction review. The basic concept behind IFTA is to allow a licensee (motor carrier) to license in a base jurisdiction for the reporting and payment of motor fuel use taxes. Under the IFTA, a licensee is issued one set of credentials which will authorize operations through all IFTA member jurisdictions. The fuel use taxes collected pursuant to the IFTA are calculated based on the number of miles (kilometers) traveled and the number of gallons (liters) consumed in the member jurisdictions. The licensee files one quarterly tax return with the base jurisdiction by which the licensee will report all operations through all IFTA member jurisdictions. It is the base jurisdiction's responsibility to remit the taxes collected to other member jurisdictions and to represent the other member jurisdictions in the tax collection process, including the performance of audits. An IFTA licensee must retain records to support the information reported on the IFTA quarterly tax return Section-1 Introduction 1 - 13 Commercial Driver’s License Manual The IRP registrant and the IFTA licensee may be the vehicle owner or the vehicle operator. The requirement for acquiring IRP plates for a vehicle and IFTA license for a motor carrier is determined by the definitions from the IRP Plan and the IFTA for Qualified Vehicle and Qualified Motor Vehicle: For purposes of IRP: A Qualified Vehicle is (except as provided below) any Power Unit that is used or intended for use in two or more Member Jurisdictions and that is used for the transportation of persons for hire or designed, used, or maintained primarily for the transportation of property, and: (i) has two Axles and a gross Vehicle weight or registered gross Vehicle weight in (ii) excess of 26,000 pounds (11,793.401 kilograms), or (iii) has three or more Axles, regardless of weight, or (iv) is used in combination, when the gross Vehicle weight of such combination exceeds 26,000 pounds (11,793.401 kilograms). While similar, the Qualified Motor Vehicle in IFTA means a motor vehicle used, designed, or maintained for transportation of persons or property and: 1) Having two axles and a gross vehicle weight or registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 26,000 pounds or 11,797 kilograms; or 2) Is used in combination, when the weight of such combination exceeds 26,000 pounds or 11,797 kilograms gross vehicle or registered gross vehicle weight. Qualified Motor Vehicle does not include recreational vehicles. If the vehicle you operate is registered under IRP and you are a motor carrier licensed under IFTA, then you are required to comply with the mandatory record keeping requirements for operating the vehicle. A universally accepted method of capturing this information is through the completion of an Individual Vehicle Distance Record (IVDR), sometimes times referred to as a Driver Trip Report. This document reflects the distance traveled and fuel purchased for a vehicle that operates interstate under apportioned (IRP) registration and IFTA fuel tax credentials. Although the actual format of the IVDR may vary, the information that is required for proper record keeping does not. In order to satisfy the requirements for Individual Vehicle Distance Records, these documents must include the following information: Distance Per Article IV of the IRP Plan (i) Date of trip (starting and ending) (ii) Trip origin and destination – City and State or Province (iii) Route(s) of travel (iv) Beginning and ending odometer or hubometer reading of the trip (v) Total distance traveled (vi) In-Jurisdiction distance (vii) Power unit number or vehicle identification number. Fuel Per Section P560 of the IFTA Procedures Manual.300 An acceptable receipt or invoice must include, but shall not be limited to, the following:.005 Date of purchase.010 Seller's name and address.015 Number of gallons or liters purchased;.020 Fuel type.025 Price per gallon or liter or total amount of sale.030 Unit number or other unique vehicle identifier.035 Purchaser's name 1 - 14 Section-1 Introduction Commercial Driver’s License Manual An example of an IVDR that must be completed in its entirety for each trip can be found in Figure 1.3 below. Each individual IVDR should be filled out for only one vehicle. The rules to follow when trying to determine how and when to log an odometer reading are the following: At the beginning of the day When leaving the state or province At the end of the trip/day Not only do the trips need to be logged, but the fuel purchases need to be documented as well. You must obtain a receipt for all fueling and include it with your completed IVDR. Make sure that any trips that you enter are always filled out in descending order and that your trips include all state/provinces that you traveled through on your route. There are different routes that a driver may take, and most of the miles may be within one state or province. Whether or not the distance you travel is primarily in one jurisdiction or spread among several jurisdictions, all information for the trip must be recorded. This includes the dates, the routes, odometer readings and fuel purchases. By completing this document in full and keeping all records required by both the IRP and the IFTA, you will have ensured that you and your company are in compliance with all State and Provincial laws surrounding fuel and distance record keeping requirements. The IVDR serves as the source document for the calculation of fees and taxes that are payable to the

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