COMM ENG L1 PDF

LESSON 1: Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship Society Community A group of people with a common territory and A group of people living in the same place or culture, interacting with one another having particular characteristics in co...

LESSON 1: Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship Society Community A group of people with a common territory and A group of people living in the same place or culture, interacting with one another having particular characteristics in common Members are diverse since it consists of many Members necessarily share common different communities characteristics among each other Interactions among members is a core element Interactions among members happen since it determines the connection between vast involuntarily since these people share many networks of people things in common There is a high diversity among members; hence, There is minimum diversity; hence it is it is heterogenous homogenous Definite locality becomes an essential factor, and Locality is not defined, and it is not an essential it provides a definite shape element Larger than community Smaller than society Types of Society 1.​ Tribal Society – A small, close-knit community where social organization is based on kinship, tradition, and survival needs. ​ Community Engagement Context: Participation often revolves around customs, oral traditions, and communal decision-making. Engagement must respect indigenous knowledge and cultural practices. 2.​ Agrarian Society – A society centered on farming, agriculture, and land ownership, often with hierarchical social structures. ​ Community Engagement Context: Issues may include land ownership, labor rights, and sustainable farming. Engagement efforts might focus on agricultural support, environmental conservation, and rural development. 3.​ Industrial Society – A society driven by manufacturing, factories, and urbanization, leading to economic expansion and class distinctions. ​ Community Engagement Context: Concerns often include labor rights, urban poverty, industrial pollution, and social inequality. Community programs may involve workers’ rights advocacy, housing projects, or environmental policies.  4.​ Post-Industrial Society – A knowledge-based society where services, information, and technology drive economic and social activities rather than agriculture or manufacturing. ​ Community Engagement Context: Digital inclusion, education, mental health, and corporate social responsibility become key concerns. Engagement efforts may focus on technological access, employment training, and sustainable urban development. Community Defined: ​ As a shared political territory and heritage ​ As a network of interpersonal ties based on common interest ​ As profound sharing of spiritual and/or emotional connection Types of Community 1.​ Interest – People who share common interests. ​ Example: The Negros Oriental Mountaineering Society, where hiking enthusiasts explore and promote eco-tourism in the province. 2.​ Action – People who wish to bring a change in society. ​ Example: GWAVE (Gender Watch Against Violence and Exploitation), an organization in Dumaguete advocating for women's and children's rights. 3.​ Place – People who come together through geographical boundaries. ​ Example: The Dumaguete City Neighborhood Associations, where residents collaborate on community programs, safety, and disaster preparedness. 4.​ Practice – People who undertake the same activities/profession come under the practice community. ​ Example: The Negros Oriental Federation of Fisherfolk, where local fishers work together for sustainable fishing practices and livelihood support.  5.​ Circumstance – People who come together through some external situation are a part of a circumstance community. ​ Example: Typhoon Survivors’ Support Groups in Negros Oriental, where affected families receive aid and emotional support after natural disasters like Typhoon Odette. -​ Sense of Community ​ “A feeling that members have belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group and a shared faith that members’ needs will be met through their commitment to be together.” 4 Elements of Sense of Community 1.​ Membership Ex: Landers ​ Boundaries - The carding system at landers ​ Emotional Safety ​ Belongingness and Identification - You feel like you belong to Landers because you have an ID ​ Personal Investment - The things you buy at Landers ​ Common Symbol System 2.​ Influence Ex: Grade 12 students look different from their grade 11 selves which is likely due to influence 3.​ Integration and Fulfillment of Needs -​ How a friend group or community fulfills your needs 4.​ Shared Emotional Connection ​ Contact ​ Quality of Interaction -​ How you communicate with your community ​ Closure of Events -​ How a community resolves disputes and fights ​ Shared Valent Event Hypothesis -​ The more important the shared event is to those involved, the greater the community’s bond -​ Bonding over a common thing  ​ Investment -​ Investing something in a friend group -​ Can’t leave the friend group because they know too much ​ Effect of Honor and Humiliation to Members -​ When something good happens to a member, the members of a community are there for them -​ When a member is humiliated, the members of a community stands up for them ​ Spiritual Bond Community Structures Note: We will be required to identify these structures when we go out to the community Social Structure ​ Social Institution – Systems organizing society’s behavior. ○​ Example: Silliman University as an educational institution promoting community service, Dumaguete City Government implementing local ordinances, Catholic churches conducting outreach programs for the poor. ​ Social Groups – People sharing common identities or interests. ○​ Example: GWAVE (Gender Watch Against Violence and Exploitation) advocating for women’s rights, fisherfolk cooperatives in Bais City, youth groups like the Negros Oriental Youth Leaders Council. ​ Status – A person’s position in society, either ascribed or achieved. ○​ Example: A barangay captain in Bacong (achieved status), a child born into a family of sugarcane farmers (ascribed status). ​ Role – Duties associated with a status. ○​ Example: A barangay health worker conducting free check-ups in rural communities, a tourism officer in Dauin promoting marine conservation. Cultural Structure ​ Symbols and Language – Forms of communication shaping cultural identity. ○​ Example: The Buglasan Festival logo representing Negros Oriental’s cultural diversity, Binisaya as the dominant language in community gatherings. ​ Norms – Social expectations guiding behavior.  ○​ Example: The practice of “Mano po” (showing respect to elders), the community custom of helping neighbors rebuild homes after a calamity. ​ Values and Beliefs – Principles shaping decisions and community involvement. ○​ Example: The belief in “pagtinabangay” (mutual help) in times of need, valuing education as seen in many students pursuing higher studies at local universities like NORSU. ​ Rituals – Repeated cultural practices reinforcing identity. ○​ Example: The Sandurot Festival in Dumaguete celebrating cultural heritage, pamalandong (reflection) during Holy Week in mountain retreat areas like Valencia. ​ Artifacts – Tangible objects with cultural significance. ○​ Example: The Dumaguete Belfry, traditional hablon (woven textiles) from Canlaon, and antique sugar mills from the province’s hacienda era. Political Structures ​ Political Organizations – Groups influencing governance and policies. ○​ Example: Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) of Negros Oriental, environmental advocacy groups like Friends of the Environment in Negros Oriental (FENOr). ​ Citizenship Norms – Expected civic participation in governance. ○​ Example: Participating in barangay assemblies in Guihulngan, volunteering for local disaster response teams during typhoon season. ​ Power Relations – How authority is distributed in society. ○​ Example: The governor of Negros Oriental leading provincial development projects, indigenous leaders in Barangay Apolong, Valencia advocating for ancestral land rights. ​ Leadership Structure – Hierarchical roles in governance and community leadership. ○​ Example: Barangay captains in rural areas organizing livelihood programs, mayors leading urban planning initiatives in Dumaguete and Bayawan. Economic Structure ​ Capital Assets – Resources sustaining economic activities. ○​ Example: Sugarcane plantations in Bais and Tanjay, tourism-related businesses in Manjuyod and Apo Island. ​ Vulnerable Context – Economic instability factors affecting communities. ○​ Example: Farmers in Canlaon struggling with crop failure due to extreme weather, fisherfolk in Siaton affected by declining fish catch due to illegal fishing. ​ Business Climate – Economic conditions influencing entrepreneurship.  ○​ Example: Dumaguete’s growing IT-BPO industry, the rise of eco-tourism businesses in Zamboanguita and Dauin. ​ Trade – The exchange of goods and services supporting livelihoods. ○​ Example: Local fishermen selling fresh seafood in Malatapay Market, farmers from Mabinay supplying vegetables to Dumaguete’s public market. Community Typologies 1. Organic and Mechanical Solidarity Mechanical Solidarity – This refers to communities where people share similar values, beliefs, and social ties, leading to cohesion. In these communities, individuals are highly interconnected through their common roles and traditions. ​ Example: Rural communities like those in Siaton or Mabinay, where people engage in agriculture and share similar work practices, often creating strong bonds of solidarity and a collective sense of responsibility. Organic Solidarity – This type of solidarity occurs in more complex and modern societies where people are more diverse in their roles, but interdependent due to specialization. ​ Example: Dumaguete City, with its diverse population working in various sectors (education, tourism, business, healthcare), exhibits organic solidarity. Although people’s roles differ, they rely on each other to keep the city running smoothly. 2. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Gemeinschaft (Community) – These are close-knit communities where relationships are personal, direct, and often based on tradition or kinship. People share a strong sense of belonging and mutual responsibility. ​ Example: Barangays in rural Negros Oriental, like Apolong in Valencia, where everyone knows each other and social ties are deeply rooted in family connections and local traditions. People rely on one another for support in daily life. Gesellschaft (Society) – In contrast, Gesellschaft refers to more impersonal and formal communities where relationships are based on individual goals and activities, such as business and professional needs.  ​ Example: Dumaguete, as a university town, has elements of Gesellschaft, where people are often more engaged in individual pursuits such as academic or business interests, and relationships can be more transactional than communal. 3. Urban, Rural, Suburban, and Rurban Communities Urban Communities – These are densely populated areas with advanced infrastructure, economic activities, and a variety of services. ​ Example: Dumaguete City, with its bustling economy, educational institutions like Silliman University, vibrant market, and services like hospitals, is a classic urban community. Rural Communities – These are sparsely populated areas, often focused on agriculture or resource-based industries, with fewer services and infrastructure. ​ Example: Siaton and Mabinay, where most people rely on farming and fishing for their livelihood, and daily life revolves around family-based agriculture and small-scale businesses. Suburban Communities – These areas are located on the outskirts of urban centers, offering a mix of residential and semi-urban characteristics, with access to urban benefits but more spacious living. ​ Example: Bacong, a municipality close to Dumaguete, where residents live in less crowded conditions while still commuting to the city for work or services. Rurban Communities – A blend of rural and urban elements, where urbanization meets rural life, offering both agricultural activities and urban conveniences. ​ Example: Valencia, a municipality near Dumaguete, has the lush environment of the countryside but benefits from its proximity to the city, providing both farming opportunities and access to urban facilities. ​ (Miss Kim’s Discussion) Sibulan in the north and Bacong in the south. These are examples of Rurban communities because they are rural areas which are close or within the urban areas. Types of Communities 1. Local Communities -​ These are geographically bound communities where people live and interact in close proximity, sharing common resources, institutions, and local governance. ​ Example: Dumaguete City, where residents engage in civic activities, attend local markets, and participate in festivals like Buglasan. 2. Global Communities -​ These transcend geographical boundaries and are formed based on shared interests, culture, or digital interaction, often influenced by globalization. ​ Example: Negros Oriental tourism industry’s global network, where local resorts, dive shops, and eco-tourism sites in Dauin and Apo Island connect with international travelers, environmentalists, and researchers. 3. Community Sectors -​ Communities function through different sectors that serve various social needs. ​ Public Sector (Government Institutions): The sector responsible for public welfare, infrastructure, and policy-making. Example: Negros Oriental Provincial Government, Dumaguete City Hall, and barangay councils managing public services like healthcare, disaster response, and local education programs. ​ Private Sector (Businesses and Corporations): Privately owned organizations that contribute to economic growth through commerce and industry. Example: Teletech Dumaguete (BPO sector), energy companies in Valencia, hotels and dive resorts in Zamboanguita and Siaton supporting local tourism. ​ Voluntary Sector (Non-Governmental Organizations and Non-Profit Groups): Organizations that operate for social good rather than profit, often focusing on advocacy, charity, or community service. Example: GWAVE (Gender Watch Against Violence and Exploitation), Red Cross Negros Oriental, and environmental groups like FENOr (Friends of the Environment in Negros Oriental). 4. Social Space -​ A setting where people gather and interact, shaping community engagement and relationships. Social spaces can be physical (parks, plazas) or digital (online communities). ​ Example: Quezon Park in Dumaguete, where residents meet for public events; Facebook groups like “Dumaguete City Forum”, where locals discuss news and concerns.