Week 2 CESC (1) PDF

Perspective of the community COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP  Objective 1 Define Community According to the Social Sciences’ Perspectives Subject Objective 2 Define Civil Society...

Perspective of the community COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP  Objective 1 Define Community According to the Social Sciences’ Perspectives Subject Objective 2 Define Civil Society Perspectives of Objectives Community Objective 3 Perspectives on Community at the Local and Grassroots Levels  Social Science Institutional Social Science A social science is any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. Anthropological Perspective Community being an organized social structure serves as the driving force for civilization. Human development came side by side with the development of communal orientation as well as with the evolution of socio- economic structures. Paleolithic Age Neolithic Age – (Old Stone Age) Agrarian Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) – Hunter Gatherers The earliest humans were able to create tools from rocks and other solid materials found elsewhere in their environment. Through sheer ingenuity these early people were able to produce tools for hunting and chopping. Such display of ingenuity must have been driven by their sense of community in which gathering of foods was no longer intended to feed one or two persons but the entire community. In the process, as the population continues to grow, the early humans were able to develop a system of holding the entire community together into one solid unit working collectively for the common good.  Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) In this period early people started using tools more advanced than those in the Paleolithic era. Because the population is getting bigger so as the demands for provisions which brought the idea of growing plants for food instead of just relying on what the nature can provide. This marked the transition of a community into an agricultural oriented social system which resulted also in inequality and conflict within and with other communities.  Neolithic Age – Agrarian This period is characterized by the advancement of technology which resulted to the large agricultural production and consequently led to social stratifications. People of the community saw how the large stockpile of agricultural products can translate to power. The situation created a competition that was decided by the size of land owned and technology used in order to produce more. From then on conflict and competition has played a big role in the community dynamics. Sociological Perspective Sociology is a branch of Social Science that analyzes the history, evolution, structure, and functions of societies. Sociologist studied community as a system and tried to generate empirical data to established theories on various social phenomena stemming from inter-human relationships as well as humans to institutions relationships  Social Social Class Stratification Sociological Perspective Social Deviance Mobility Gender Equality Movements Social Stratification Involves categorization of people in a community into groups based on several factors which include wealth, income, occupation, race, gender, power among others. Social stratification provides a view of the situations within the community system such as how power is obtained or shared including the distribution of race and gender in the population. Social Class Hierarchical categorization of people based on the income economic capacity. This includes the most basic classification such as upper class, middle class and lower class. Politicians and economic planners used this kind of categorization to have a clearer vision of how certain socio-economic policies will affect people in the economic system work or how certain policy will affect the people. Social Mobility Refers to the movement of an individual or group within or between social strata. It results in change in social status relative so one’s positions or location. One example of social mobility is the movement from one lower position to a higher position in a political system. Another manifestations of social mobility is the shift in social class of OFWs from lower to upper class of OFWs resulting from increased in financial capability. Social Mobility Refers to the movement of an individual or group within or between social strata. It results in change in social status relative so one’s positions or location. One example of social mobility is the movement from one lower position to a higher position in a political system. Another manifestations of social mobility is the shift in social class of OFWs from lower to upper class of OFWs resulting from increased in financial capability. Gender Equality Movements It involves how individuals view themselves in the light of their freedom to choose what gender view they will intend to follow or perform certain roles without having to confront any form of social repercussion. Deviance Any form of action or behavior that undermines social norms, laws or cultural orientations. Deviance can be a mere result of a person’s inclination to follow a personal view of a socially acceptable behavior and not necessarily an affront to the rules and customary order.  Political Science Perspectives Politics is about the interrelationship of power and the community. Political scientists view community as a system composed of people of diverse views that create conflicts and competitions. Such kind of interactions necessitate the need for an authority that will assume power in order to establish and preserve order. Political Perspectives Community as a political system composed of the following elements:  Population Teritory Refers to the people who are A geographical community bestowed with duties, rights and occupies a physical space within privileges in order to maximize which all social, economic and potentials to the benefits of the political views and activities may community. be practiced. Sovereignity Goverment At the community level it An institution at the community basically refers to the capacity of level that was empowered to the community to enforce rules ensure order within its territory. within its territory.  Economic Perspectives A community is a dynamic social grouping in which all the members strive to sustain daily living through different activities involving production, and exchanges of goods and services. Due to the limitations on the resources the community necessitated the adoption of a system that will ensure fair distribution of resources.  Educational Institution Perspectives Human survival is tied up to the different techniques and innovations the people can muster in order to provide for their needs. Through the advancement of intellect, people learned how to adapt to their environment and utilize all the resources around them to produce their daily necessities. As social beings, humans live in a community that they share with others for which they have to relinquish certain aspect of their freedom to be able to harmoniously coexist.  Religious Perspectives In as far as religious perspective is concerned, a community is consist of people who commit and practice a common belief system. The culture system wasn’t always a product of a social process but by a pre-established code handed down to the people through and enforced by an anointed leader.  What is Civil Society? Pertains to the third sector of the society aside from the government and the business sector which includes the civilian population moving towards a common end.  ADVOCACY ACTIVISM Movement based on certain Act of actively engaging in a principles intended to influence a certain purpose intended address certain action intended to cause issues and effect change in the change. process.  Civil Society Perspective The United Nations fully recognized the importance of partnering with the civil society in advancing development agenda in any parts of the world that needed such action. Being the third estate it is expected that the civil society has no innate motives that may affect the delivery of programs to the expected recipients. Its history may be traced back to the time of the Sophist philosophers (a group of Greek philosophers who were secular, cynical, and believed in relativism.) who believed that wisdom may be learned. It was a reaction to the issue on immoral and abusive leaders at the helm of the government. The Sophists believe that through discourses on wisdom persons may be able to acquire the most important quality a leader must have. The Greeks and the Romans went to continue the discourses with intention to come up with the general view on the dynamics of human relations. Consequently they arrived at the idea of civility being directed towards the concept of common good and responsible citizenship. In the modern era, civil society take on a more dynamic personality covering all aspects of physical and social realities. It is now associated with actions intended to bring out issues for public debates and effect changes in social structures. Civil Society Movements in the Philippines The basis for civil society in the Philippines was founded from the Filipino concepts of pakikipagkapwa or holistic interaction with others and kapwa or the inner self (ADB-Civil Society Briefs Philippines. 2013). Written records show that the modern concept of civil society was introduced by the Christian Missionaries in the Source: centerforpartnership.org The Greenpeace International believes that a better future for all is achievable through collective actions by people. Source: greenpeach.org country in the 16th century. The missionaries established institutions that will help protect the welfare of the people, although limited at that time to the elites.  Trade Unions The biggest organization of labor unions in the country is the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) which was established in 1975. It is affiliated with other international organizations such as the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the International Trade Union Confederation. The TUCP believed in the significant roles of workers in the development process. For the workers to become productive members of the community, their welfare has to be recognized and promoted.  Women’s and Gender The traditional views that relegate women on the lower level of social echelon helped create an atmosphere of abuse against women. Civil society movements believed that eradicating such mindset is one of the steps towards the creation of a gender tolerant society. And the movement shall not only be confined in small pockets of socio-political organization. It shall be done on a wider scale since women has significant part to the development of the entire country.  Legal Network for Truthful Elections (LENTE) It is a network of volunteer lawyers, law students and paralegals from different parts of the country. The volunteers were trained and deployed to monitor elections. In the process they bring to open different elected related problems for public discourse and for actions from the competent authorities and concerned groups or individuals. Perspectives of Community at the Local and Grassroots Levels When we say local and grassroots levels we are talking about the lowest levels of political and social organizations. They are closer to the general population which is why their roles in the community development process are very crucial. Urban communities are commonly located in cities. Barangay is lowest governmental unit that serve as bridge in the delivery and facilitations of programs for development. In this module we will try to analyze how community is being viewed at the local and grassroots levels as reflected in selected programs that will be discussed. These programs and projects are implemented by concerned sectors in the locality. Local Youth and Child Welfare Programs  Bahay Pag-Asa It is an institution where children in conflict with the law (CICL) are sent for rehabilitation. The program is run by social workers and most are supported by the local government units. The CICL will stay in the facility to undergo the process of rehabilitation. They are also given skills development training to enable a smooth process of integration to the society when they leave the facility. This is a display of respect to the idea that minors who violate laws must be helped and should not be confined to the detentions for criminals. Under the laws of the country minors are exempted from any criminal liabilities but need to undergo rehabilitation program in an institution to make them functional members of the society.  World Vision It is an international NGO that provides program for overall growth of the children in the community. Included in its programs is the scholarship grants to children through donations from numerous sponsors around the world. To make the program effective the NGO worked with their local staff and families. The World Vision was founded in 1950 by Rev. Robert Pierce, an American Baptist minister to serve as a service group to meet the emergency needs of Christian missionaries. Development work, especially in the poor countries was added in its programs in 1975.  Local Environmental Programs The city of Pasig has been an active advocate of environmental programs at the grassroots level. Together with eight other Southeast Asian cities the city has been working with the ICLEI to develop and model climate action planning from the grassroots levels. One of the key strategies was to involve community level stakeholders through a system of consultations and workshops. The program encourages active participation of people from sectors and walks of life. Included in the activities are the variety of sustainable initiatives such as solid waste management program, urban gardening and inclusive urban planning. The city started the Greenheart Savers Program which is active in all public schools as part of raising awareness on environmental issues among the students. The program also encourages recycling in which those who will be actively participating are given rewards.  Local Peace and Order Programs Drug addiction and trafficking are among the major causes of criminality in many communities. Many heinous crimes are associated with drug abuse which is why anti-drug abuse campaigns are part of the efforts of the LGU in fighting criminality. Through relevant ordinances the ADCOP (The Anti-Drug Abuse Council of Pasig) was provided with necessary capabilities to implement programs within the locality. There is a system of rehabilitation and other supports provided to victims and violators of drug related laws and ordinances.  Project Tagamasid ng Pasig The project was launch in response to the call of the national government to intensify efforts in eradicating the drug related problems in the city. It is meant to encourage civilians to join the fight against the social menace. The government look at the active and collective participation of community people as an effective tool in the success of anti-drug campaigns. Groups were formed by concerned citizens in the efforts of cleaning up the community of any issues on drug addiction and peddling. It is a collective efforts at the community level in which the people are encouraged to report activities of drug Pasigcity.gov.ph pna.gov.ph pushers in their area while ensuring their protection. It also engages the barangay government for stronger anti-drug efforts.