Collection of Reviewers - 2nd QT (HUMSS) PDF

Local Government – encompasses provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. Local Government Code of 1991...

Local Government – encompasses provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. Local Government Code of 1991 ( RA 7160 ), Article X Barangay – the primary planning and implementing of government policies, plans, Transcripted by: Ariadne M. programs, projects, and activities in the.. Scope:.. Decentralization and Local Governance, communities. The Legislative Department, The Executive Basic unit of local government Department, The Judicial Department, Elections in the Must have at least 2,000 inhabitants Philippines ○ 5,000 for HUCs 1. Ordinance ( Bill ) – a law created by Government a local government. — Refers to the organized body of people 2. Plebiscite – a vote by which the that makes, enforces, and interprets laws. people of an entire country or district Organizes affairs, “carries the will of express an opinion for or against a the people” proposal especially on a choice of government; Article II When the ordinance is — Declaration of Principles and State approved it will turn into a Policies plebiscite, then comes the ➔ Section 4. The prime duty of the need for elections. government is to serve and protect the people. Municipal Government – collection of barangays. Decentralization and Local Average income of ₱2,500,000 Government City Government – higher rate of economic Decentralization – an idea where local growth, larger population, and territory. sectors of government are given power and Average income of ₱20,000,000 for adequate support by the national 2 years government in managing their affairs. Territory of 100 square km Process of distributing powers and Population of 100,000 functions from the national government to local governments. Purpose: To empower local government To provide more autonomy Efficiently deliver services Concept: to develop local governments.  3 Classifications of Cities Article VI. Section 2 of the Constitution CC Component cities – administered by ➔ The senate shall compose of twenty- the province. four senators who shall be elected at ICC Independent component cities – large by the qualified voters of the independent from the province. Philippines. Supervised by the president... Note:.. Voting process is staggered; only HUC Highly urbanized cities – completely 12 are elected for the purpose of having the independent. Compliance is remaining 12 composed of old senates; courtesy. To teach the newly elected senators. Provincial Government – group of Qualifications to be part of the Senate ( mamaya pala trip nyo mag senado edi e2 ) municipalities and cities. 1. Natural–born Filipino citizen Average income of ₱20,000,000.00 2. At least 35 years old at the day of Territory of 200 square km the elections Population of at least 250,000 3. Has lived in the Philippines for at least 2 years by the day of the elections The Philippine Government and its 4. Registered voter Branches 5. Must be literate Executive Legislative Term – two consecutive terms; 6 years per Judiciary term. The Legislative Branch House of Representatives ( Congress ) — The lawmaking body of the government. – the lower chamber. Article VI. Section 5, Paragraph 1 Branches of the Legislative Branch ➔ The house of representatives shall be composed of not more than 250 Senate members. House of Congress Shall be elected through a party list. Representatives As of now, there are 316 congress 1989 Constitution members due to the rise of new provinces. Senate – the upper chamber; Elected by the people Qualifications to be part of the House of How does a Bill become a Law? Representatives Step 01: The proposal ( create a bill ) ( oh eto nmn para sa mga trip mag congressman Step 02: Three readings; dyan ) 1st: reading of the bill title and 1. Natural–born Filipino citizen number – brought to the committee. 2. At least 25 years old on the day of 2nd: last voting the elections period of sponsorship 3. Have lived in the district for at least a period of debates – invites year organizations that have 4. Registered voter and is literate concerns about the bill 5. Bona fide member of a party or period of amendment – organization for at least ninety ( 90 ) revision of provisions days ( 3 months ) proceeding the 3rd: all House of Representatives day of the elections. members vote one by one; Senates also vote one by Terms – three consecutive terms; 3 years one in a different hearing per term. Step 03: Presidential action Becomes official after 15 Powers of the Legislative Branch days of publication. 1. Remove from office impeachable officials – alisin sa pwesto ang mga VETO – president denies a bill officials for misconduct / abuse of ➔ Congress can choose to deny the power. VETO; the bill still becomes a law. 2. Declare the existence of a State of In cases of presidential absence, after 30 War – kapag di pa dineclare ng days without signature, it automatically president, the senate / congress can becomes official; to serve its purpose. declare it in the president’s stead. 3. Revoke the president’s The Executive Department declaration of martial law – revoked when the senate finds the — It is tasked with the execution of the laws reasons unjustifiable. of the state. Martial law is applicable in “All executive power shall be vested to the times of rebellion; president.” Only for 60 days. 4. Authorize the president to Qualifications to run for President and exercise powers in times of war Vice President and national emergency – e.g 1. A natural–born Filipino citizen during the pandemic. 2. Must be a registered voter 5. Conduct hearings in aid of 3. Must be literate Legislation 4. Must be at least 40 years old by the 6. Approve the national budget day of the elections. 7. Appointment of government 5. Has lived in the Philippines for no officials less than 10 years before the elections. Powers of the President The Cabinets of the Philippines 1. Control over all executive — Composed of executive departments that departments, bureau, and offices deal with various aspects of governance 2. Power to nominate, appoint, and and address specific issues. remove officials 3. Budgetary and fiscal power Department of Agriculture (DA) 4. Military power 5. Power to contract or guarantee Department of Budget and Management foreign loans (DBM) 6. Pardoning power 7. Power of general supervision over Department of Education (DepEd) local governments and autonomous regions. Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Environment and Natural Types of Pardoning Resources (DENR) Pardon – forgiving the guilty / convicted ( *after conviction ) Department of Finance (DOF) Conditional pardon – with conditions to follow Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) Absolute pardon – free of crime and charges Department of Health (DOH) Commutation – lowering of a sentence Department of Human Settlements and Reprieve – temporary suspension of a Urban Development (DHSUD) sentence Amnesty – pardoning of officials who have Department of Information and committed political crimes Communications Technology (DICT) Term limits of the President and Vice Department of the Interior and Local President Government (DILG) President – 1 term; 6 years Vice President – 2 terms; 6 years Department of Justice (DOJ) Department of Labor and Employment Functions of the Vice President (DOLE) ( aside sa magpagawa ng 10 mil libro abt sa bff nya ) Section 3. May be appointed as a member Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) of cabinet. Section 8. If the president–elect is unable Department of National Defense (DND) to qualify, died, personally disabled, removed from office, or resigned, the vice Department of Public Works and president–elect may become the president. Highways (DPWH) ( wag. ) Department of Science and Technology (DOST)  controversies involving human rights Department of Social Welfare and which are legally demandable. Development (DSWD) 3. Assign temporary judges of lower Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) courts to other stations – so that no seats are left unfilled or empty. Department of Tourism (DOT) 4. Order the change of venue or place of trial to avoid the miscarry of Department of Transportation (DOTr) justice 5. Appoints all officials and employees of the judiciary in accordance with the civil service law The Judiciary Branch — The power to interpret laws. Article III: Bill of Rights According to the constitution, the Section 1. No person shall be deprived of judiciary branch makes sure there life, liberty, or property without due process are no violations of human rights. of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the law. Supreme Court – highest court in the Philippines. Rights of the Accused Supreme arbiters 1. Right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. Incumbent justices — 15 justices; 2. Right to be informed of the nature 1 chief justice; and cause of the accusation they are ○ Alexander Gesmundo facing. 14 associate justice 3. Right to personally defend himself 4. Right to testify in his or her behalf Qualifications to be a part of the 5. Right to refuse to testify Supreme Court 6. Right to confront or cross–examine 1. A natural–born Filipino citizen the witness against them 2. At least 40 years of age 7. Right to be guaranteed of the 3. 15 years or more as a judge of a attendance of witnesses and other lower court or has engaged in the evidences practice of law in the Philippines 8. Right to be guaranteed a speedy, 4. Person of proven competence, objective, and transparent trial integrity, probity, and independence 9. Right to appeal in all cases allowed by the law.. Note:.. Chiefs have no term limit but there is a mandatory retirement at the age of 70. Elections in the Philippines Powers of the Supreme Court A formal and democratic decision–making 1. Judicial review – checks the process by which people select public activities of the higher branches, the officials through voting. constitutionality. 2. Adjudicatory review – to settle Article V of the 1989 Philippine Constitution elections for those who need to perform vital ➔ The right to Suffrage — our right to tasks on the election day. participate in the elections. Every second monday of May – elections in the Philippines Qualifications of Voters Basis: Executive Order no. 157, and 1. Citizen of the Philippines Republic Act no. 9189 2. At least 18 years old. 3. A resident for at least 1 year. This is applicable for: 4. Residing in the place where they OFWs Happens one propose to vote. month before. ( Kunwari taga SF ka, dun ka dapat mag vote. ) Other government Happens one week 5. Not disqualified by the law. officials – before. COMELEC workers Disqualifications of Voters Law enforcement / 1. Have been imprisoned for at least 1 Police force year without pardon or amnesty. Applies to convicted Media Personnel criminals, those without (Journalists) convictions are still allowed to vote and run for position. Commission on Elections (COMELEC) 2. Committed crimes against national — Main government agency that oversees security. the elections in the country. 3. Have been deemed mentally Primary goal is to ensure a free, fair, incapable to vote. and honest election. By a professional, all disqualifications go through a Issues and Challenges court screening; you will be Electoral Fraud – illegal intervention on deemed mentally incapable elections. only if a trusted physician, Vote buying therapist, psychologist of the Election based violence court deems so. ○ The assassination of other running politicians. Types of Electoral Systems 1. Plurality system – relies on Voter’s Education – the dissemination of popularity; whoever gets the most information, materials, and programs votes wins. designed to inform voters about the 2. Proportional representation – specifics and mechanics. quota is needed to be met. KKK – Karakter, Kakayahan, You have to get a certain Katapatan number of votes; Partylists are the only ones that fall under this system. Absentee Voting This is an election held before the day of the