Introduction to Ocular Anatomy PDF

INTRODUCTION TO OCULAR ANATOMY Definition of Ocular Importance of Components of the Eye Anatomy Understanding Ocular Anatomy Ocular anatomy is the The eye consists...

INTRODUCTION TO OCULAR ANATOMY Definition of Ocular Importance of Components of the Eye Anatomy Understanding Ocular Anatomy Ocular anatomy is the The eye consists of various comprehensive study of the eye's Knowledge of ocular components including the structure and its associated anatomy is crucial for cornea, lens, retina, and tissues, essential for diagnosing eye diseases optic nerve, each playing a understanding vision. and developing effective vital role in the visual treatments, enabling process. healthcare professionals to enhance patient outcomes.  Function of the Eye Connection to Vision The eye functions as a complex Understanding ocular anatomy allows organ that captures light, focuses it, for a deeper comprehension of how and converts it into signals that are vision works and the factors that can processed by the brain, facilitating impair it, highlighting the eye's our perception of the world. importance in daily life.  INTRODUCING THE EYE THE EYE IS THE ORGAN OF VISION ▪ Theeyes let us see shapes, colours,and sizes of objects in the world. ▪ We use our eyes in almost every activity we perform, whether reading or writing, working in the kitchen, watching television,,,,,  LOOKING AT EYES Cornea (clear part over the Upper Pupil UpperEyelid Eyelid coloured part of the eye – (cover (black round hole that (coverof ofthe theeye) eye) window of the eye) gets smaller in bright light) Conjunctiva (Thin clear covering over sclera) Limbus Iris Where the cornea and (coloured part conjunctiva meet of the eye) Sclera Lower Eyelid White part of the eye – Punctum (cover of the eye) rubbery white shell (very small hole in lid close around the eye) to the nose) CUTTING THE EYE IN HALF Sclera Lens Choroid Cornea Retina Aqueous Optic nerve humor Iris Ciliary muscle Vitreous humor THE STRUCTURE OF THE EYE AccessoryStructuresoftheEyeincludethe: Orbits ▪ Orbits ▪ Eyelids and eyelashes ▪ Conjunctiva ▪ Lacrimal system ▪ Extraocular muscles 1. Accessory structures of the eye (Ocular adnexa) THE ORBIT ▪ The eye is enclosed by a bony socket in the skull called the orbit. Which has the shape of a four- sided pyramid ▪ The orbit helps to protect the eye. 1. Accessory structures of the eye (Ocular adnexa) EYE LASHES & EYEBROWS Eyelashes: hair ▪ The eyebrows are the arches of hair folliclesgrowing at located above each eye the end of the eyelids, protecting the eyeball from ▪ The eyebrows help to foreign bodies protect the eyefrom perspiration and perspiration(sweat) and direct sun ray foreign bodies.  1. Accessory structures of the eye (Ocular adnexa) THE EYELIDS The eyelids are two movable fold of tissue situated above and below the front of each eye. levator palpebrae THE EYELIDS CONSIST OF: skin superioris muscle ▪ Skin-The thinnest part of human body meibomian glands ▪ Muscles (Open & close the eyelid) orbicularis conjunctiva ▪ The orbicular oculi oculi muscle ▪ Levator palpebrae superioris tarsus Eyelashes ▪ A sheet of dense Connective tissue-Give rigidity & support (Tarsus) ▪ Conjunctiva-the mucous membrane acting as a lubricating film between the eyelid & sclera 1. Accessory structures of the eye (Ocular adnexa) FUNCTIONS OF THE EYELID: Offer mechanical protection to the anterior eye Maintain the proper position of the globe within the orbital contents. Spread the tear film over the conjunctiva and cornea with each blink. Contain the Meibomian glands, which provide the lipid component of the tear film. Prevent drying of the eyes. Contain the puncta through which the tear flow into the lacrimal drainage system. Regulate the amount of light allowed to enter the eye. Provide protection from airborne particles. Punctum (very small hole in Coverage of the eye during sleep. lid close to the nose) BLINKING  TEAR FILM THE TEAR FILM IS THE WATERY LAYER AT THE FRONT OF THE EYE keeps the outside of the eye wet provides nutrients to the cornea creates a smooth surface for light to pass through to the cornea provides protection from infection TYPES OF TEAR Some of the different types of tears the brain tells the eyes to produce are: 1. Basal tears that coat your eyes on a day-to-day basis to keep them moisturized. 2. Irritant/reflex tears that form in response to pain or to flush foreign objects out of the eye. Their composition is similar to basal tears, but they contain more healing properties. 3. Emotional tears that appear in response to feelings of sadness, stress, joy and extreme emotion THE STRUCTURE OF THE EYE 1. Accessory structures of the eye (Ocular adnexa) LACRIMAL APPARATUS Lacrimal sac Lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland: produces lacrimal fluid Lacrimal canals: drain lacrimal fluid from eyes Lacrimal canals Lacrimal sac: provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity Nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal duct: empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity TEAR FILM FLOW OF TEARS Lacrimal gland Lacrimal Ducts Lacrimal canals Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct Nasal cavity