Climate 2-2 Thermal Energy and Earth PDF

Ch 10.3 Climate 2 Part 2 Video support textbook Thermal energy and Earth How is thermal energy transferred through the biosphere from the...

Ch 10.3 Climate 2 Part 2 Video support textbook Thermal energy and Earth How is thermal energy transferred through the biosphere from the equator to the poles? (global wind patterns, jet stream, Coriolis effect, weather systems, ocean currents, large bodies of water) D2.1 describe, in general terms, how thermal energy is transferred through the atmosphere (i.e., global wind patterns, jet stream, Coriolis effect, weather systems) and through the hydrosphere (i.e., ocean currents, large bodies of water) from latitudes of net radiation surplus to latitudes of net radiation deficit, resulting in a variety of climatic zones (e.g., analyze static and animated satellite images) D2.3 explain how thermal energy transfer through the atmosphere and hydrosphere affects climate Watch the first part and tell your partner why this happens. What causes this? Watch to the end.  This is called a convection current Thermal energy is transferred through the atmosphere through convection currents that form due to the unequal heating and cooling of the Earth. Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Remember this? Radiation brings energy into Earth from the sun, convection moves energy around Earth Land vs Sea breeze Why is the day a different direction from the night? Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Land vs Sea breeze Why is the day a different direction from the night? Water absorbs heat energy all day due to its high specific heat capacity and then releases heat in the night Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Wind Terminology As warm wind meets cooler, denser air and is forced upward, a jet stream occurs. Draw and explain a jet stream. Jet stream Play this video Jet streams are a special type of convection current where extremely fast-moving air in the stratosphere (50km up) forms at the boundaries of cold and warm air. Flow from west to east in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In winter, when the temperature difference between cold and warm air masses is greatest, the jet streams are larger and travel faster than they do in the summer. Changes in jet streams are important in predicting weather changes. Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Two major influences on wind: What is happening here? What is happening here? Increased atmospheric temperatures near the equator result in atmospheric gases becoming less dense and rising. In areas close to the poles the lower atmospheric temperatures result in air becoming more dense and falling. What is happening here? Watch this for 1 min. Take your guess! Watch the rest. Were you correct? What causes the Coriolis effect? How does it affect wind? The Coriolis Effect is the deflection of any object from a straight-line path due to the rotation of the Earth. Causes moving air to turn right in the Northern Hemisphere (counterclockwise spirals) and left in the Southern Hemisphere (clockwise spirals). FYI:The Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis. Global wind patterns Global wind patterns are the result of the unequal heating and cooling of the Earth and the Coriolis effect.  What about Ocean currents? Convection currents are the result of fluid warming to become less dense and rising transferring energy to colder, more dense fluid. Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Draw the Gulf Stream (a convection current in the ocean). How does it work? How does this affect the oceans? Thermal energy is transferred vertically through air and water by convection currents.  Ocean currents look like this! Warmer water is driven away from the equatorial (equator is 0°) regions towards the poles and cooler water is transferred from the poles to the equator by convection currents. With the rotation of Earth (Coriolis effect) AND the continents, this is what currents look like this: Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Draw the Gulf Stream (a convection current in the ocean). How does it work? Thermal energy is transferred vertically through air and water by convection currents. Gulf stream is an example. How does it work? Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Convection involves the distribution of thermal energy by moving bodies of air and water. Currents collect garbage! 11:43 min  Summary: For thermal energy to move in both of these areas, convection currents are created. In Air, the warm air moves from the equator to the poles and the cold air from the poles moves to the equator. In Water, the warm water from the equator moves to the colder regions and the cold water moves towards the equator Together with Earth’s rotation, we get the wind patterns and ocean currents we see today.