Oilseed Crops PDF

AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy Oilseed Crpos Oilseed Crops: - These crops mainly grow for oil production. Name Family Origen Place Chro. Oil %...

AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy Oilseed Crpos Oilseed Crops: - These crops mainly grow for oil production. Name Family Origen Place Chro. Oil % Alkaloid Seed Rate Sesamum (Sesamum Pedaliaceae Africa 2n= 26 48 – 52% Sesamole 2-3kg for Branched indicum L.) 4-5kg for Unbranched Peanut (Arachis Leguminoseae Brazil 2n = 40 40-45% 20-26% Protein 60-80kg (Spreading), hypogaea) 80-100kg (Bunch) Linseed (Linum Linaceae AFG 2n = 30 33-47% Fiber- Flex and 15-20kg/ hac usitatissimum) Linean Caster (Ricinus Euphorbiaceae Africa 2n = 20 45-50% laxative 4-5kg/hac communis) Sunflower (Helianthus Compositae Mexico 2n= 34 45-50% Linoleic acid 10-12kg for local var. annuus) (68%) 8.0 kg for hybrid Safflower (Carthamus Compositae Afganistan 2n= 24 24-36% Linoleic acid 15-20 kg/ hac tinctorius) (78%) Soybean (Glycine max) Leguminacae China 2n = 40 20% Goitrogen 70-80Kg Taramera (Eruca sativa) Brassicaceae Africa 2n = 22 35% Erucic acid 8-10 Kg Mustard (Brassica spp.) Brassicaceae China, AFG, 2n = 16, 33-34% Erucic Acid 2.5- 3.0 Kg for INDIA 20, 36 Irrigated 4-5 Kg for unirrigated General Points: -  Revolution related to Oilseed: - Yellow Revolution  Queen of Oilseed crops: - Sesamum  King of oilseed crops:- Mustard  The main oilseed crop of Rajasthan is- Mustard.  The main oilseed crop of India is- Groundnut.  The world's main oilseed crop is soybean.  Most consumed oil in the world – Soybean  Most consumed oil in India- Groundnut  Mustard is the most commonly used oil in Rajasthan.  Sulfur element used to increase the amount of oil in oilseed crops.  Groundnut and soybean are oilseed and pulse crops.  Sunflower is a DNP plant.  Almost all oilseed having epigeal germination and C3 plants.  For weed management in oilseed crops mainly fluchlorelien (As PPI) and pendimethylien (As PE) are useful herbicides.  In India there are 9 oilseed crops in which 7 are edible and 2 are non-edible (Caster and linseed) oilseed crops. 1 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789 AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy  Only two oilseed crops are legumes (Soybean and groundnut).  Oilseed technology mission – 1986  Indian Oilseed Research Institute- Rajender nagar (Hyderabad)  Directorate of Groundnut Research (National Research Center for Groundnut) - Gujrat (Junagarh).  Directorate of Soybean (National Research Center for Soybean) - Indore (MP)  National Research Center for Mustard (NRCM) - Sewar (Bhartpur) Rajasthan.  NRCM converted into DRMR (Directorate Rapeseed and Mustard Research) - 2009.  Linseed is useful for both fiber and oil. Rapeseed - Mustard Botanical name: - Brassica spp. Inflorescence: - Resiem (Catcan) Family: - Brassicaceae Fruit Type: - Silicua. Origin: - China, India and AFG Indian Species Common Name Local Name Ch. No. Group 1. Sarson 1. B. campestris var. yellow sarson 1. Turnip rape 1. Yellow Sarson 1. 2n = 20 2. B. campestris var. brown sarson 2. Turnip rape 2. Brown Sarson 2. 2n = 20 2. Toria 3. B. campestris var. yellow toria 3. Indian rape 3. Yellow toria 3. 2n = 20 4. B. campestris var. black toria 4. Indian rape 4. Black toria or lahi 4. 2n = 20 3. Rai 5. Brassica juncea 5. Indian mustard 5. Rai or Raya 5. 2n = 36 6. Brassica juncea var. rugosa 6. Rugosa 6. Paharai rai 6. 2n = 36 7. Brassica nigra 7. Black mustard 7. Banarsi rai 7. 2n = 16 General Infomation)  Maximum mustard production in world- Canada > India  Maximum mustard Area in world- India  Burning in eyes due to- Isothiocyanate  Yellow color in mustard oil – due to carotenoids.  Highest production in India – Rajasthan  Highest production in Rajasthan – Alwar  Harvesting index- 25%, test weight- 3-4 grams  Mustard is grown in all the states except Kerala.  Mustard is a long day effective and cross-pollinated crop.  The strong smell of mustard oil comes due to Sinigrien alkaloid.  Pungency or bitterness in mustard oil – due to glucosinolate.  Mustard oil is not suitable for heart patients due to the presence of Erucic acid in it. (Pusa Mustard-30 variety Low amount of Erucic acid) 2 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789 AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy  If the amount of glucosinolate in oil is more than 0.5%, it causes Goiter.  Contamination of mustard seed with Satyanashi seeds (Mexican poppy) causes dropsy. Climate-  Dry and cool weather and 18-25°C is the suitable temperature.  Most sensitive to cold and frost. Soil-  Loam and light loam, pH value 6-8.5 Seed Rate and Sowing Time Seed rate R×P Depth of Sowing time Unirrigated area Irrigated area seed Unirrigated area Irrigated area 4-5Kg 2.5-3 Kg 30-45 × 10-15 cm. 4-5 cm 15 Sept – 15 Oct 15 Oct – 31Oct Fertilizer- N P K S (Sulphur)* 20 kg/ha 60 kg/ha 30 kg/ha. 40 kg/ha Varieties: -  Varuna  Pusa Aapni  Vasundahra  Pusa Bold  NRCHB-101  Pusa Kalyani (Brown Mustard)  Arawali Mustard (RN-393)  Dhara  Basanti  Maya  Krishana  T-9 (Toria)  Lakshmi  Pusa Jya Kisan (Bio-902) - Developed from bio-technology from a variety Varun.  NRC-HB-506- First hybrid variety (Developed from Sewar, Bhartpur)  Pusa Gold, K-88, Benoy (Varieties of Yellow mustard) Weed Management – 1. Orabanchi/Broom Rape: - Total Root Parasite Control: - Pendimethylien @0.5 kg/ha. 2. Mexican Poppy (Satyanashi) Insects: - 1. Ara Makhi: - Anthelia promixa  Mostly damage at nursery stage (10-15 DAS) or seedling stage of mustard. 2. Aphid: - Lipapis ericiemi 3 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789 AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy  Most damaging insect of mustard. 3. Painted Bug: - Bugrada cruciferus Diseases - 1. White Rust: - Caused by Fungi  Pathogen- Albugo candida  It is a obligate parasite 2. Alternaria leaf spot: - Caused by Fungi Pathogen- Alternaria alternata 3. Powdery Mildew: - Caused by Fungi. Yield: - 20-25 qtl/hac. Groundnut (Peanut) Botanical Name: Arachis hypogaea Pollination- Self Pollination Family: Fabaceae Inflorocance- Reciam 2n – 40 Fruit type- Pod O.P – Brazil Germination- Epigeal Oil % - 40-45% Test Weight- 260-280gm Protein%- 20-26% Maximum Production- Gujrat (Rajkot) Photoperiodisum – Short Day Plant Seasion- Kharif Other Names: Poor man’s Almond, Manila nut, Earth nut.  Nitrogen in groundnut cake – 7.3%  The credit for bringing peanuts to India goes to - Joseph Father (16th century).  It is first in production and area of oilseeds grown in India.  Vitamin 'E' is found in larger quantity in peanuts.  India ranks second in peanut production (1st China).  National Research Institute for Groundnut – Junagarh (Gujarat)  Rajkot of Rajasthan is Lunkaransar (Bikaner).  Shelling percentage - 70% (Percentage of edible groundnut grain).  Arechis- Greek word meaning legume (pod).  Hypogea- Greek word- meaning below ground.  Pegging: - Process of peg formation in groundnut.  Pegging - 50-55 DAS.  In ground nut flowering occurs on the surface of soil but fruiting take place under soil surface. 4 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789 AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy  Peg is female stigma of flower.  Peanut protein has the highest biological value as compared to other vegetable proteins and it is compared to Casein milk protein. Types of Groundnut: - There are two types of groundnut cultivatable. 1. Spreading Type: - Late maturity and dormancy is also present. Earthing up is not required. MH (Mallic hydrazide) is use for braking dormancy. 2. Bunch Type: - Early maturity and Dormancy not present. Earthing up is required. Note.1. Popping: - Due to deficiency of Calcium pods remains blank in ground nut is called popping. Treatment: - Application of Gypsum @200-400kg/Hac (250 kg/hac) Note.2. SSP (Single super phosphate) and gypsum is use in groundnut for quality groundnut production. Because SSP contains Sulphur and phosphorus. Soil and climate: - Sandy soil is best for groundnut production. Temperature: - 21-26C for better growth. Note.3. Pegging stops when temperature below 20C. Seed Rate and Spacing: - Ground nut Seed Rate Spacing Spreading Type 60-80Kg/Hac 45 X 15cm Bunch Type 80-100 Kg/Hac 30 X 10 cm Varieties: - 1. Spreading Type: - Punjab- 1, Girnar-1, Chandra, Chitra, RS-1, GJ-3. 2. Bunch Type: - Jyoti, AK-12-24, TMV-7, TMV-2, TMV-6, Pol-2, Kopergene-2, Gunagarh- 2, TAG-24, GUNJ- 23. Weed Management: - Lasso (Allachlor), Tok-E-25 (Nitrofen). Diseases: - 1. Collar Rot- Aspergillus niser (Fungus) It is also called root rot and black root disease. 2. Tikka Disease: - It is also known as leaf spot disease which is caused by fungus (Cercospora sp.). Tikka Disease having two types. A. Early leaf spot- Pathogen- Cercospora arachidicola B. Late leaf spot- Pathogen- Cercospora personata 3. Wilt: Pathogen- Fusarium oxysporum (Fungus) 4. Bud Necrosis- It is a viral disease. 5 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789 AGRI DARPAN JET/CUET-ICAR/Agriculture Supervisor Agronomy This disease is transmitted by aphid. Note.4. Alfa-toxins: - Due to groundnut store at high moisture level a fungus Aspergillus flavis infection occurs which produces a toxin called Alfa-toxin (Myco-toxin). It is a field and storage disease of groundnut. Insects: - 1. White Grub: - It is polyphagous insect which damages all kharif crops. Body Shape- “C” Sci. Name- Holotrechia consungunia 2. Termites: - It is polyphagous insect which feed on woody parts of plant. Sci. Name- Odentotermis obesis Taramira (Rocket Kresh) Botanical Name: Eruca sativa Pollination- Cross-Pollination Family: Brassicaceae Inflorocance- Reciam 2n – 22 Fruit type- Pod O.P – Africa Maximum Production- TN Oil % - 35% Seasion- Rabi Photoperiodisum – Long Day Plant  Most drought tolerant oilseed crop. Seed Rate: - 4kg/hac R X P: - 30 X 10cm Sowing Time- Sept- Oct Varieties: -  T- 27 (For unirrigated area)  T-9  RTM-141 (Narendar Tara)  ITSAT-27  RTM-314 (Karan Tara) Yield: - 8-10qtl/Hac 6 Mini Mayapuri Near Bus stand, Sri Ganga Nagar (Rajasthan) Mob. 9587000789