Exam 2 Allergies PDF

Exam 2 Allergies s/s - Pruritus/ itchy, urticaria/ hives, watery eyes/ epiphora - Causes: environmental causes - Meds: Antihistamine: Benadryl/ Diphenhydramine adverse effects don't drive causes drowsiness dry mouth, palpation -...

Exam 2 Allergies s/s - Pruritus/ itchy, urticaria/ hives, watery eyes/ epiphora - Causes: environmental causes - Meds: Antihistamine: Benadryl/ Diphenhydramine adverse effects don't drive causes drowsiness dry mouth, palpation - Epi-pen - IM site, maintain airway (etube if needed), Diagnostic - Cbc: eosinophil, total serum IgE Treatments: - Oxygen -Epinephrine -Histamines (benadryl) - Corticosteroids Anaphylaxis -penicillin is used for anaphylaxis - Sudden in onset ( minutes - hours) - Flushing - Urticaria - Angioedema - Hypotension - Bronchoconstriction ( wheezing and stridor) Preventions - Standard : epi subq or IM Rebound anaphylactic occurs 4-8 hrs later O- = universal donor AB+ = universal receiver Look at meds slide #32 IgE - looks for allergies Antigens are foreign Graft vs host Oncology Benign = noncancerous cells Malignant = cancerous Stages - S1: A carcinogen damages the DNA by changing a specific gene. Becomes permanently mutated but does not cause cancer - S2: The process by which carcinogens are introduced results in one of the following change : reversible or irreversible - S3: Invasion- the cells continue to divide; increased bulk, pressure and secretion of enzymes result in local spread and invasion of surrounding structures Metastasis: is the production of secondary tumors at distant sites ((spreadss)) Breast cancer: Increased age is the primary risk factor for developing breast cancer in both women and men. Prevention: - Education, diet, healthy lifestyle, no smoking - Secondary: PSA, self breast exam, mammos, pap smears, get tested - Tertiary: education after diagnosis Caution: refers to the seven warning signals of cancer C-change in bowel or bladder habits A-a sore that does not heal U-unusual bleeding or discharge T-thickening of lump in breast or elsewhere I-indigestion or difficulty swallowing O-obvious change in wart or mole N-nagging cough or hoarseness Goals of therapy Cure – to eliminate the cancer cells in the body Control – contain the growth of cancer cells without complete elimination Palliation – for comfort and relief of symptoms- improve quality of life Prophylactic surgery - Prophylactic surgery involves removing non vital tissues or organs that are likely to develop cancer Emotional support Radiation + side effects = Xerostomia,myelosuppression Chemo + side effects = TERATOGENIC,  Monitor lab values – monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances, monitor for myelosuppression Monitor for s/s N/V/D and anorexia- treat Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection, especially in the neutropenic patient Monitor for “Mucositis” Cognitive status assessment Stem cell transplant - Wait for stem cells to produce new blood cells- called engraftment- can take up to 5 weeks - Infection prevention, hand washing- teach family- no plants or flowers, raw meat Post complications - pancytopenia ( decreased in all cells), - Mucositis (complication but expected) - Graft versus host disease (GVHD)- donor T cells recognize recipient’s tissues as foreign and attack- highest with unrelated donors- acute or chronic- difficult to treat- give prophylactic immunosuppressant days before transplant ((give steroid cyclosporine difficult to treat) Anemia - yk the s/s - A fall in the hemoglobin(Hgb)and hematocrit Hct) - Obtain baseline CBC with differential & monitor - Assess patient for s/s of anemia and teach patient to report s/s - Assess patient for bleeding - If the hgb