Citigov Notes PDF

Citigov NOtes State - Largest unit of human Organization History of World and states Anarchy - longest, natural, ottal autonomy Small states - settling down, majority of map no governance(after agricultural revolution) Era of expansion - Governed > Ungoverned areas Era of Gover...

Citigov NOtes State - Largest unit of human Organization History of World and states Anarchy - longest, natural, ottal autonomy Small states - settling down, majority of map no governance(after agricultural revolution) Era of expansion - Governed > Ungoverned areas Era of Governance -nation states(today) Westphalian System - Principle in national law used by states(and the philippiens) today A state has: Inherent powers: Territory Government - with inherent powers that are taxation police power eminent domain - power of government to take private proper with lcoal compensation population Sovereignty -internal and external(border control and representation in foreign affairs/councils) recognition of authority Philippine Territory Full sovereignty Terrestial, flavian, and aerial is 12 nautical miles according to 1982 constitution Contiguous sovereignty - 24 nautical miles state can exercise control to prevent infringements in immigration fiscal and sanitary laws EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone) - 200 nautical miles exclusive resource rights others can navigate but cant exploit resources without permission Philippine Government's 3 departments 1. Legislative - lawmaking  Congress(24, 2CT, 6Y) House of Representatives(316(253 district)(63 Party-list), 3 CT, 3Y) 2. Executive - Law implementation & Enforcement President(17 so far)(6Y), Vice President(6Y), Cabinet Senators 3. Judiciary - Law interpretation and settles controversy and violations and misunderstandings Supreme Court and Lower courts Lawyers, Judgesm Prosecuters etc. Presidential Powers Chief Executive Commander in Chief of AFP Architecture of Foreign policy Powers Veto Pardon Appoint Deportation Alien Issuance Supervision to LGVS Pardoning Power Presidential Law of Succession 1. President 2. VIce President 3. Senate President 4. House of Representative Speaker Filipino Citizenship needs Natural Birth - atleast 1 filipino Parent FIlipino Citizen durinhg start of 1987 COnstitution Nationalization - Foreigners becoming citizens Jius Sanguini - Based on blood Jius Soli = Place Philippine Sovereignty  Sovereign authority resides and emanates from people 1. AFP protects people and state 2. Independent Foreign Policy - protection of national sovereignty Philippine Government structure Is a Democratic Republic State - THe people vote people who will serve and represent them 1. Democratic Process(Demos+kratos=people power) From greece Universal Citizen participation Direct democracy 2. Republic Structur(Res republica = Public affair) Representative Democracy Law andd institutional governance Separation of powers into branches Visions of the republic of the Philippines Just humane society Inherited land/territory Democracy and independence of present and future posteriority Embodies Ideals and aspirations Rule of law Regime of truth, justice, equality, and peace Human rights characteristics Inherent Universal Inalienable - may be limited but never fully forfeited Interdependent Universal Declaration of Human rights institutent of human rights Dec 10, 1948(after the holocaust) 30 Articles Milestone(In humanities and progressz)  Universal Standard Separationa nd Distinction in Human rights 1-10 - Civil 19-21 Political 22-26 Economic and Social 27-28 Cultural 29-30 Duty to state/people around you Rights Protection 1. Derogable rights May be temporarily restricted by states in times of distress Freedom of movement Peaceful Assembly Privacy 2. Non-Derogable Life Torture/Cruel Degrading treatment Slavery 1987 Constitution Art III Bill of rights - Legally Binding human rights unlike UDHR 22 sections Coverss: Civil and political scope life, liberty, property, Privacy torture equal protection Free speech and expression Voting freedom and civilian participation Assembly and association Due process Protecting human rights Government function Demanding accountability Political Awareness  Domestic Courts and law Domestic Agencies Commission in human rights If this fails go to International Human rights Mechanism(Needs cooperation of member state and lengthy process with limited resources) For crimes such as Genocide Crimes against humanity War crimes Crimes of aggression Non Judicial Methods Media - Advocacy documentaiton Public protests and demonstrations Grassroots organizing and community mobilization Artistic Expression Powers and responsibilities of various offices 1. Congress Propose debate on bills Hearings: Investigate district issues 2. Senators Budget Review, amends, and notes Budget bills Impeachment Jurors in impeachment trial for high ranking officials 3. House of Represntatives Initiate, review, draft, the general appropriations bill/Budget Initiate impeachment Impeachable high ranking officials  President Vice President Supreme Court Constitutional Commission Ombudsman Requirements for running for office 1. Senator(6 Year max 2CT) Philippine Citizen for 2 years At least 25 years old and literate 2. House of Representative (3 year term, 3 CT) Citizen 25 Years and Literate Member of party list for at least 90 days(If party-list representative) Candidates must have when voting Education attainment/specialized training Experience in government/leadership role for position they're running for Legislative Experience in the past and Committee/Session/Hearing involvement(verbal) Voting/statement Consistency for above ^ Support from public and groups/sponsors Legal and ethical standing Financial Transparency and Integrity Party affiliation(who they're running with) and platform(Promises and what they and their party is running for) Human rights Record