Circulatory System: Textbook Notes PDF

Blood and Circulation: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chapter 3 Student’s book page 70-83  Why do we need circulatory system? The ratio of supply to demand surface area : volume The area of the cell’s surface determines how much oxygen the organism can get (the supply rate)...

Blood and Circulation: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Chapter 3 Student’s book page 70-83  Why do we need circulatory system? The ratio of supply to demand surface area : volume The area of the cell’s surface determines how much oxygen the organism can get (the supply rate) The volume of the cell determines how much oxygen the organism uses (the demand rate) What things are needed to be transported in our body? Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nutrients Urea Hormones, antibodies, heat  The circulation From where to where? 1. Oxygen (O2): lungs → all body parts 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) : all body partsto→where? From where lungs 3. Nutrients: gut From → allwhere body parts to where? 4. Urea: liverFrom → kidney where to where? 5. Hormones, antibodies, heat  Three basic components of circulatory system The heart Blood vessels Blood Watch the videos Read your book page 72-74, highlights and/ underline all of the organ’s name and its function in the circulatory system GCR activity The structure of human heart  M A G H H The structure of human C I heart F J D L B E K The function of human heart structure  The position of human heart The human heart is located in the chest, slightly to the left side of the middle of your body. It is protected by the rib cage and sits between the two lungs, resting on the diaphragm. Instruction 1. Sit in group 2. Use the paper shared to make the table will be shown next. 3. Open the google docs about the blood vessel characteristics. 4. Read the book to decide which characteristics belong to a certain blood vessel (76-77) 5. Write the answers in the table you have made. Characteristics Arteries Veins Capillaries Function Pressure Lumen diameter Wall thickness Valves Location Deeper in the body Contain of smooth High amount of smooth muscle cell muscle Lowest pressure Low pressure No smooth muscle (made of one cell thick)  Structure of blood vessels in cross section Thick wall with muscle Thin wall with little muscle Lining and elastic tissue Capillary wall (one cell fibers and elastic tissue (endotelium) thick) Lining (endotelium) Small lumen Large lumen (central cavity) (central cavity) Artery Vein Capillary The veins Blood cannot flow backward Valve Valve Blood can flow in this direction  Blood component activity - Lab Instruction: 1. Sit in group. 2. Read and highlight the textbook pg 78-80. 3. Read the worksheet. 4. Do each step provided on the worksheet. 5. Answer the questions at the last part of the worksheet.  Blood composition Red blood cells/ White blood cells/WBC Platelets Plasma RBC (Erythrocyte) (Leukocytes) (Thrombocytes)  Blood composition Red blood cells/ White blood cells/WBC Platelets Plasma RBC (Erythrocyte) (Leukocytes) (Thrombocytes) Function: carries the function: to bind function: protect the body blood cells oxygen & transport it. against invasion by Fragment of large around the Biconcave shape: to disease-causing cells to produce body, exchange oxygen at microorganism (pathogens), chemicals, causes dissolved faster rate. nutrients, such as bacteria and viruses. fibrinogen change No nucleus: to store hormones, Two main ways: into fibrin. Fibrin more haemoglobin CO2,urea, phagocytosis (breakdown forms a network Contain haemoglobin: distribute microorganisms), produces across the wound. It iron-containing heat. antibodies to stick to the prevents blood loss protein & combines Liquid part of pathogen’s markers and pathogens entry. with O2 → blood, mainly (antigens) & destroy it. oxyhaemoglobin. water. Full name: Class/ no: Instruction: Lung 1. Label the parts shown by the letters. 2. Draw the arrows in the heart and the blood vessels start from number 1 to show the direction of blood movement. Superior vena cava G Left Right atrium H Atrium Inferior vena cava F Left 1 ventricle Right ventricle I Aorta Capillary Discuss in your group: Which one: Pulmonary vein 1. has the highest pressure. D A 2. Has the high pressure. 3. Has the low pressure. 4. Has the lowest C B pressure. Give reason for your answer.  Two main types of circulatory systems in animal Single circulatory system Double circulatory system The blood is pump from the heart to the gas The blood is pumped from the heart to the exchange organ and then directly to the rest gas exchange organ, back to the heart and of the body. then to the rest of the body. Double circulatory system Pulmonary circulation: Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries, and is circulated through the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart through pulmonary vein. Systemic circulation: Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the aorta and is circulated through all other parts of the body, where it unloads its oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns through the vena cava. The Heart Beat A heartbeat is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. Normal heart beat 70 times a minute. It can change according to the body needs for oxygen: exercise, angry/ afraid, sleep. Phases of the Heartbeat Systole (Contraction): When the ventricle contracts (‘lub’ sound) to pump blood to the lungs and the body, tricuspid valve and the mitral valve close. Diastole (Relaxation): When the ventricle relaxes (‘dub’ sound) and fills with blood- the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve close. Solve the problem a. C, heart rate increasing so more blood can be pumped to muscles. b. E, brief jump in heart rate. c. A, lowest rate d. B, increases from minimum to steady rate.  The Coronary Heart Disease A condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle. Risk Factors: High cholesterol, High blood pressure, Smoking, Obesity, Lack of physical activity, Diabetes, Family history of heart disease Prevention: Healthy diet, Regular exercise, Quitting smoking, Stress management