A1L1 The Heart PDF

Living Systems Respond to Their Environment SCIENCE 30 UNIT A A1 Lesson 1 Outcomes I can ▪ describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and vei...

Living Systems Respond to Their Environment SCIENCE 30 UNIT A A1 Lesson 1 Outcomes I can ▪ describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries ▪ describe the rhythmic contraction of the heart and its function in the general circulation of blood through pulmonary and systemic pathways ▪ map blood flow through a mammalian heart Circulatory System ▪ Also called the cardiovascular system ▪ Consists of: ▪ Heart ▪ Blood vessels ▪ Blood What is the circulatory system ▪ A vast network of blood vessels (tubes) and a pump (the heart)  4 Key Functions 1. Transport and deliver oxygen and nutrients in exchange for carbon dioxide and waste 2. Transports chemical messengers such as hormones 3. Distributes body heat 4. Defends against disease Lung and Heart Connection ▪ Lungs: give oxygen to the blood, and remove carbon dioxide from the blood ▪ Heart: pump/transport blood to all areas of the body  Circulation ▪ The circulatory system is made up of two closed loops A1.2 describe the rhythmic contraction of the heart and its function in the general circulation of blood through pulmonary and systemic pathways  Circulation ▪ Pulmonary circulation: from the heart to the lungs and back ▪ Pick up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide at the lungs A1.2 describe the rhythmic contraction of the heart and its function in the general circulation of blood through pulmonary and systemic pathways  Circulation ▪ Systemic circulation: from the heart to the whole body and back ▪ Picks up carbon dioxide and delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body A1.2 describe the rhythmic contraction of the heart and its function in the general circulation of blood through pulmonary and systemic pathways  A1.1k describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves Circulation (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries ▪ Coronary Circulation: the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscles. ▪ The vessels that deliver oxygen- rich blood to the heart are known as coronary arteries. ▪ The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as cardiac veins  The Heart ▪ The heart is located above the diaphragm and between the lungs in the center of your chest ▪ Composed of two parallel pumps ▪ Separated by the septum (blood from the two sides never mix) ▪ Right side pumps to the lungs ▪ Left side pumps to the body A1.1k describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries  The Heart ▪ Each pump (side) is composed to two chambers (4 chambers total) ▪ Upper chambers (atria) are the receiving chambers ▪ Lower chambers (ventricles) are the discharging chambers A1.1k describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries  The Heart ▪ One way valves connect the atria and the ventricles ▪ Valves – flap of tissue that open and close to control blood flow ▪ You do not need to know the name of the valves. A1.1k describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries  Connecting to the rest of the body ▪ Artery - a vessel (tube) that ALWAYS carries blood away from the heart ▪ Aorta – carries blood to the body ▪ Pulmonary artery – carries blood to the lungs ▪ Vein – a vessel (tube) that ALWAYS carried blood towards the heart ▪ Vena cava – carry blood from body to heart ▪ Pulmonary veins – carries blood from lungs to heart A1.1k describe the principal structures and associated blood vessels of the heart; i.e., ventricles, atria, septum, valves (specific names of valves not required), aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary arteries and veins, coronary arteries  A1.3s (SK3) map blood flow through a mammalian heart Blood Flow Through the Heart  A1.3s (SK3) map blood flow Blood Flow Through the Heart through a mammalian heart 1. Deoxygenated (without oxygen) blood returning from the body enters through the vena cava and flows into the right atrium 2. The right atrium contracts and pushes blood into the relaxed right ventricle 3. Right ventricle contracts and pushes blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs 4. At the lungs blood drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen 5. Oxygenated (with oxygen) flows from the lings through the pulmonary vein and into the left atrium 6. Blood if pushed from the left atrium to the left ventricle 7. The left ventricle contracts and blood is pushed through the aorta to the rest of the body The Heart Beat ▪ Diastole – phase of the hearts cycle where a heart chamber (ventricle) relaxes and fills with blood ▪ Systole – phase of the hearts cycle when the ventricles contract the eject blood from within the chamber ▪ The “lub dub” sound comes from the AV (between the atria and the ventricles) valves closing during systole (lub) and the semi-lunar (between the ventricles and the arteries) valves closing during diastole (dub) ▪ Again, you do not need to know the names of the valves The Heart Beat ▪ Cardiac Cycle – 1 complete heart beat ▪ Diastole – ventricles relax and expand and fill with blood that flows in from the atria contracting ▪ Systole - ventricles contract, pressure increases and blood is pumped out of the aorta or pulmonary artery ▪ We will discuss these terms more in lesson 2, when we talk about blood pressure! The Heart Beat ▪ Heart 101 – National Geographic Video The Heart Beat ▪ The heart beats because of the pacemaker in the right atrium ▪ A defective pacemaker results in an irregular heart beat or stoppage of the heart Quick Question ▪ Starting with deoxygenated blood entering the heart, order the above structures numerically according to blood flow through the circulatory system 1. Pulmonary artery Answer: 2. Vena cava 1. Vena cava 3. Right atrium 2. Right atrium 4. Left atrium 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary artery 5. Left ventricle 5. Pulmonary veins 6. Aorta 6. Left atrium 7. Pulmonary vein 7. Left ventricle 8. Aorta 8. Right ventricle The blurb mentions the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle. Remember the left and right are opposite when you’re looking at a diagram of the heart Answer: B The diagram show a defect in the separation of the atria, therefore it’s either A or B The different sides of the heart separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, therefore the answer is: Answer: B The structures that prevent backflow in the heart are the valves. Answer: C Your Task ▪ The Heart Practice ▪ Missing assignments