CHN Finals PPT PDF

Working with Groups Towards Community Development  Learning Outcomes:  At the end of the topic, the students will be able to: 1. Communicate effectively and maintain a harmonious relationship with target groups, community and partner agencies. 2. Implement...

Working with Groups Towards Community Development  Learning Outcomes:  At the end of the topic, the students will be able to: 1. Communicate effectively and maintain a harmonious relationship with target groups, community and partner agencies. 2. Implement strategies/approaches to enhance capability of population groups and communities to participate in decision making and problem solving with multidisciplinary team. 3. Ensure a working relationship with population groups and communities based on trust, respect and shared decision making.  Dr. Irvin D. Yalom is the guru of group therapy, specifically interpersonal and is mentioned in many research books and articles.  Although Dr. Yalom’s textbooks is more like a novel, he makes a group therapy and its purpose is more relatable and fun in clinical practice than most resources.  He was the first person to put a theoretical perspective on group work and believed that all groups had to go through specific phases. A. Stages/Phases of Group Development:  5 STAGES OR PHASES OF THE GROUP DEVELOPMENT: Stage 1. Forming; the orientation phase.  The leader is most active in this stage.  Universal norms are discussed such as confidentiality, attendance, and rules of communication and participation are addressed.  This is the stage that discusses the time frame/termination of the group. Stage 2. Storming; the stage of conflict.  Anxiety, ambiguity, and conflict become prevalent as group members test and act-out behaviors to define themselves and the group norms.  This stage creates an interpersonal climate where members should feel free to disagree with each other. Stage 3. Norming; the cohesiveness phase.  Members develop group-specific standards (cohesiveness) and a therapeutic alliance forms such as disapproving late-arriving members, or the level of anger/conflict that will be tolerated. Stage 4. Work Group Stage; the performing phase.  During this stage, individual growth and team productivity and effectiveness occur.  Members experiment with new ideas or behaviors and egalitarianism develops. Stage 5. Adjourning; the termination phase.  The closure for the group as a whole or the individual that left.  The primary task is to discuss and review actual outcomes and achievements, explore feelings of what work (and what didn’t), and any feelings of loss.  Introducing new concerns or initiatives are not appropriate. B. Interventions to Facilitate Group Growth.  Specific interventions in developing work groups in community nursing practice can be used by the nurse to engage the community and its resources in a partnership for the attainment of health goals  These interventions, tasks and techniques can help the group members to handle the psychological processes-the interplay of varied personalities, feelings, needs and concerns that bring about anxiety or discomfort.  It can help the nurse identify where the group is, to predict in what direction it might move, and to identify the assets within the group that might be utilized or maximized. Major Interventions to Facilitate work group: 1.Provide the necessary Orientation, Structure and Direction  During the stage of orientation, the level of anxiety can be decreased by helping provide the necessary orientation, structure and direction to the group.  For instance when the group members do not know each other, preliminaries of introductions should be made.  There is a great positive impact on group members if they got introduced by the leader or facilitator.  They can also be encouraged to get to know one another by making them introduce a co-member.  Certain structured learning exercises on group decision making and consensus may be utilized to help group members experience performing the various task and group building or maintenance functions necessary for effective group work.  The facilitator or leader creates an atmosphere for productive group work when member’s interpersonal needs are met to satisfactory degree for each one. Meeting these interpersonal needs may be initiated by the leader.  Helping group members meet their interpersonal needs to belong and to be a part of the group can be encouraged by acknowledging the importance of their presence in the group and contributions they make. 2.Process, Negotiate and Resolve Conflicts to Members Satisfaction  Hostility and conflict can not be resolve unless the group members have the necessary attitude towards conflicts and the competencies necessary to handle or manage them.. Interventions on developing the members competencies to handle conflict constructively: a. Understanding the nature of the conflicts – group members learn to develop a positive attitude towards conflict when they realize that it has the following characteristics:  Conflict is a natural part of any relationship and of any group. It is inevitable in a problem-solving group primarily because persons differ from each other in many ways- needs, motives, interest, ideas, and perspective.  Conflict is desirable and extremely valuable for several reasons: it encourages inquiry, stimulates interest and curiosity, and it greatly reduce the natural tension and frustration of working together. Members derive personal benefits from the experience of conflict.  Conflicts are managed effectively by encouraging group cooperation and by using the problem-solving approach. b. Conflict Resolution Through the Problem-Solving Approach.  A conflict can be analyzed, negotiated, and resolved utilizing the problem-solving approach.  According to Johnson and Johnson the following are the basic steps in problem-solving: 1.Clarify the basic issues 2.Diagnose the dimension and causes of conflict 3.Explore ways to settle the conflict 4.Decide upon and implement an agreement satisfactory of the group 5.Evaluate the success of the actions taken. c. Generating New Ways of Looking at the Situation or Problem  Conflicts can be minimized by helping members isolate/separate the ideas, beliefs, and concepts from the persons advocating them that can be done by:  putting all ideas, beliefs, and concepts on the blackboard or other visual materials, this will help free the group members from always associating these ideas with the person.  rolereversal is another way to help group members understand each others position and frame of references and be encouraged to re-create exactly how it is for the other person. d. Helping Members Analyze the Here-and-Now Experience.  During experiences of conflicts, tension and anxiety can affect group process to a degree that individual members feel the need to do something about the situation they are in.  Members can learn to assume the responsibility of sustaining the vitality of the group and to gain control over tension-laden experiences by helping them reflect back on the reasons why these experience or events happened.  Through a focus on here-and-now, the blocks or barriers to group progress are pinned down and analyzed for possible alternatives, re- direction or behavior change. 3. Be Aware of the Effects of Own Behavior on the Group  The nurse as facilitator or coordinator or leader of group discussion exerts an influence on the behavior and experience of group members.  Members look up to the facilitator, coordinator or leader for approval of certain behavior, response or actions.  Thefacilitator, coordinator or leader becomes the model of the group as regards behavior that is expected or acceptable.  Thisis exemplified by such experiences as being on time for meetings, keeping appointments and promises.  The facilitator must utilize every available opportunity to maximize group growth by making sure that she does not rail road the group's decision.  It is vital that the facilitator becomes aware of her own behavior and its effects on the group, otherwise this behavior may potentiate or mitigate such experiences and expressions of aggression, passivity, rebellion, etc.  When these conditions will be allowed to happen and are not handled effectively, the group may not grow from earlier stages, and it may eventually undergo dissolution. 4. Application of New Learnings  Groupexperiences provide varied learning opportunities for members.  More often, the basic concepts and principles for effective group life are re-lived in various group experiences.  Members gain more depth in understanding group process as they realize that the concepts and principles previously learned in handling a particular issue can be applied in dealing with another situation or issue.  Sample communication technique like: “ In analyzing what we are going through right now, is there anything we learned from our previous sessions experiences that can help us better understand this present experience?”  When the group undergoes the process of termination, there is an experience of separation, sadness, hurt and unpleasant emotions that affect the capability of establishing relationship again in the future.  By deriving the learning opportunities that group life offered to the members, the facilitator can help them realize that the advantages of investing resources, efforts and feelings for a successful group work far outweigh the unpleasant emotions of separation. C. Partnership and Collaboration:  The aim of partnership and collaboration is to get people to work together in order to address problems or concerns that affect them.  Itgives people the opportunity to learn skills in group relationship, interpersonal relations, critical analysis and most important of all, decision making process in the context of democratic leadership. Activities in Partnership and Collaboration: 1.Networking – is a relationship among organizations that consist of exchanging information about each other's goals and objectives, services or facilities. 2.Coordination – is a relationship where organizations modify their activities in order to provide better service to the target beneficiary. It requires more time since it involves trust on the part of the committed organization. Activities in Partnership and Collaboration 3.Cooperation – is a relationship where organizations share information and resources and make adjustments in one's own agenda to accommodate the other organization's agenda. 4.Collaboration – is the level of organizational relationship where organizations help each other enhance their capacities in performing their tasks as well as in the provision of services. 5.Coalition or Multi-sector Collaboration - is the level of relationship where organizations and citizens form a partnership.  Advocacy – The nurse as an advocate helps empower the people to make decisions and carry out actions that have the potential to better their lives. Advocacy work involves: 1.Informing the people about the rightness of the cause. 2.Thoroughly discussing with the people the nature of the alternatives, their content and possible consequences. 3.Supporting people's right to make a choice and to act on their choice 4.Influencing public opinion Universal Health Care Law Republic Act No. 11223  Abbreviations UHC - Universal Health Care PHIC - Philippine Health Insurance Corporation SHI - Social Health Insurance PAGCOR - Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation HMO - Health Maintenance Organization PHI - Personal Health Information NHIP - National Health Insurance Program END Module 6  Module 6: Information Technology and Community Health A.Definitions of e-health use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health (WHO). The eHealth unit works with partners at the global, regional and country level to promote and strengthen the use of ICT in health development, from applications in the field to global governance. an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. refers to the use of information and communications technologies in healthcare.  Purpose: 1. Communicating with a patient through a teleconference, electronic mail (e-mail), short messaging services (SMS) 2. Recording, retrieving and mining data in an electronic medical record (EMR) 3. Providing patient teachings with aid of electronic tools such as radio, television, computers, smartphones, and tablet. 4. Delivery of health information for health professionals and health consumers, through the internet and telecommunications 5. Using the power of IT and e-commerce to improve public health services (Ex: education and training of health workers) 6. The use of e-commerce and e-business practices in health systems management 1. Storage Storage Options: As part of a records management plan for electronic records, you will need to determine where and how your records will be stored. Online Storage: Online storage allows immediate access to records to anyone on the system’s network. Online storage maintains the greatest functionality but requires more expensive network storage. Examples of online storage include: Storage Area Networks (SAN). SANs allow access to remote drives with the same convenience of internal hard drives. A SAN is a networked system.  Offline Storage Files that cannot be accessed immediately are said to be stored offline (e.g., files not accessible through your network such as on removable media like external hard drives or magnetic tape). Older records that do not need to be accessed frequently are often stored offline. This option trades functionality for stability. The longer records need to be maintained the more important preservation methods, back-up procedures, storage conditions, handling procedures, and security become. Offline storage can be stored in-house, off-site, or outsourced. Examples of offline storage: Removable magnetic or optical media (tape, DVD). For integrity purposes, read-only media is preferred. Flash media (solid state media has no moving parts) External hard drives (with moving parts) Retrieval Retrieval is the act of getting something back, or of accessing stored data and files in a computer. An example of retrieval is when you access a file that you saved on a hard drive on your computer. For Offline: USB, CD, External device Transmittal Data transmission (also data communication or digital communications) is the transfer of data (a digital bits tream or a digitized analog signal) over a point-to- point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples: copper wires optical fibers wireless communication channels storage media and computer buses. Methods used to transmit data between digital devices Serial data transmission sends data bits one after another over a single channel. Parallel data transmission sends multiple data bits at the same time over multiple channels. DSL is faster than standard data transmission over regular phone lines, and cable modem transmission is faster than DSL. The Internet is a worldwide computer network that connects hundreds of thousands of smaller networks. A digital subscriber line (DSL) modem is a device used to connect a computer or router to a telephone line which provides the digital subscriber line service for connection to the Internet, which is often called DSL broadband. Power of Data in Information Data are simply facts or figures — bits of information, but not information itself. When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information. Data are the fundamental elements of cognition and are defined as unanalyzed raw facts that do not imply meaning. (Gudea, 2005) Data collection in healthcare allows health systems to create holistic views of patients, personalize treatments, advance treatment methods, improve communication between doctors and patients, and enhance health outcomes.  Information is a processed, organized data presented in a given context and is useful to humans. Information is a group of data that collectively carry a logical meaning. Why ICT Data? Disadvantages of Paper-based records: 1. Continuity and interoperability of care stops in the unlikely event that a record gets misplaced 2. Illegible hand writing poses misinterpretation of data 3. Patient privacy is compromised 4. Data are difficult to aggregate 5. Actual time for patient care gets limited Advantages of ICT Data: 1. Data are readily mapped, enabling more targeted interventions and feedback 2. Data can be easily retrieved and recovered 3. Redundancy of data is minimized 4. Data for clinical research becomes more available 5. Resources are use efficiently Good Data Qualities: 1. Accuracy - This ensures that documentation reflects the event as it happened. All values should be correct and valid. 2. Accessibility - Readily available reports or statistics when needed by decision makers 3. Comprehensive - Data inputted should be complete. Done by making sure that all required fields in the patient's record are properly filled up 4. Consistency/Reliability - Having no discrepancies in the data record makes it consistent. Can be done by error detection and alerts program by the computer. 5. Currency - All data must up-to-date and timely. This is exemplified when the community nurse records data at the point-of-care or when it happened. 6. Definition - Data should be properly labeled and clearly defined.  E-Health Situation in the Philippines In 2001, roughly 2.5 % of the country's population had internet access In the span of 10 years, this rate steadily increased to 29% The Philippines has a mobile phone penetration rate of 80%, with 73 million subscriber in 2009 Ranked 1st in terms of short messaging system usage in the entire world (Business wire, 2010) ICT changed the Filipino access to information and on how the government utilized this (Ex. traffic conditions, currents events, critical weather reports) Health sector also utilized ICT to improved their services. Example: Electronic Filed Health Service Information System Online Electronic Injury Surveillance System Philippine Health Atlas Unified Health Management Information System Factors Affecting eHealth in the Country 1. Limited Health Budget 2. The Emergence of Free and Open Source Software 3. Decentralized Government 4. Target Users are unfamiliar with the Technology 5. Surplus of “Digital Native” Registered Nurses eHealth Strategic Framework in the Philippines  A. eHealth Plan Development Methodology Methodology used to develop and/or update the eHealth Strategic Framework and Plan: 1. Review of the national health priorities of the country; current eHealth context; assessments, findings and recommendations; planned strategies and activities; and environment to gain better understanding and focus (Document Sources – Universal Health Care or Kalusugang Pangkalahalatan, NOH 2011-2016, DOH HEA Version 1.0, PHIS Strategic Plan 2010-2016, Information System Strategic Plan 2011-2013, ICT4H Findings and Recommendations, and National HIS forum country commitments). 2. Review of the existing eHealth Framework - vision, mission, goals, and objectives and the National eHealth Toolkit. 3. Review of the existing priority focus areas and identification of activities required to deliver the national eHealth vision. 4. Hold series of focus group discussions to comment and provide recommendations on the existing eHealth Strategic Framework and Plan. 5. Review of the outputs of the focus group discussions. 6. Updating or refining of the existing eHealth Strategic Framework and Plan based on the review of outputs. B. National Health System Goals The Department of Health (DOH) is mandated to be the over-all technical authority on health that provides national policy direction and develop national plans, technical standards and guidelines on health. It is also a regulator of all health services and products, and provider of special or tertiary health care services and of technical assistance to other health providers especially to local government units. The implementation of Kalusugang Pangkalahatan or Universal Health Care is directed towards ensuring the achievement of the health system goals of better health outcomes, sustained health financing and responsive health system.  C. eHealth Strategic Guiding Principles Guiding principles in the development of Philippines eHealth Strategic Framework: 1. Client-focus or person centered information 2. Collaboration and/or partnerships with different stakeholders 3. Users’ Involvement 4. Strategic approach in phases to achieve the eHealth vision so as to gain more focus, judiciously and efficiently use resources 5. Harmonization and Independence to guide alignment of eHealth activities at the national level without controlling health care providers to implement local eHealth solutions Guiding principles in the development of Philippines eHealth Strategic Framework: 6. Recognize the presence of entities that have already started eHealth so as not to constraint their continuing advancement and gain their support 7. Availability of human resource to implement the eHealth agenda in the country and promote transparency and public accountability 8. Compliance to laws and regulations 9. Optimize use of resources so as not to duplicate time, effort and investments D. eHealth Vision: By 2020 eHealth will enable widespread access to health care services, health information, and securely share and exchange patients’ information in support to a safer, quality health care, more equitable and responsive health system for all the Filipino people by transforming the way information is used to plan, manage, deliver and monitor health services. Using e-Health in the Community The main focus of eHealth in the community are health promotion and health maintenance of individuals, families, and groups within the community “Community Health Systems” connotes those computerized IT systems specifically developed and designed for use by community health agencies, local and state health departments, community programs, and services. (Essentials of Nursing Informatics 4th edition p. 369) Assist community health agencies in the decision-making processes for the management of nursing facilities Use to evaluate the impact of non-institutional nursing services on patients, families, and community health conditions eHealth in the Community: 1. Universal Health Care and ICT Implementation of “Kalusugang Pangkalahatan” or Universal Health Care through ICT Provide evidence for policy and program development Improvement of province-wide management health system 2. Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) or Electronic Health records (EHRs) comprehensive patient records that are stored and accessed from a computer or server community health centers have the capacity to rapidly adapt EMRs /EHRs because they utilize a standard process eHealth in the Community: 3. Telemedicine “the delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health care professionals using ICT for exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, research and evaluation, and for the continuing education of health care providers, all in the interest of advancing the health of individuals and their communities”. to provide better health services to geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) to support Millenium Development Goal (MDG) to disseminate information to citizens and providers through telemedicine and mobile health to bridge the gaps in the health referral eHealth in the Community: 4. eLearning use of electronic tools to aid in teaching which can be done synchronously or asynchronously can be done with simple instructional videos and interactive simulations with eLearning community nurse can elicit community interest by showing instructional videos on measures to control a particular disease educate fellow professionals and continuing education can be availed Areas of Community Health Systems: 1. Healthcare Programs 2. Agencies 3. Settings They support health promotion and disease-preventive programs, statistical information required by state/local health department programs, funding information and grants Typically used community health systems 1. Categorical systems Categorical Program Systems are designed to support data processing and tracking specific programs such as cancer program, MCH immunization, or Family planning. Collect longitudinal data for specific disease that can be use for national databases for tracking incidence and prevalence of disease conditions Generally count, track, and identify the health status of registered clients 2. Screening Programs use to detect individuals affected with specific disease or predisposing health condition results of the screening test are tracked so that data analysis can be used to measure the effectiveness of the screening program tracking lead screening in high-risk pediatric populations  Typically used community health systems 3. Client Registration System designed to identify state/local residents/clients eligible for CHN services in clinics and home consist of an online communication network, with terminals located in each of the local/district offices that are linked to a central computer facility used to collect, store, and process all data. the centralized registry can then be accessed from the local/district units prior to providing services 4. Management Information Systems (MIS) focus on the management of statistical and operational needs of the agency and professionals provides framework on collecting and reporting statistical and financial data needed for the management of personal/client and programs data are used for the management of consumer care both clinically and administratively, quality improvement and public accountability Typically used community health systems 5. Statistical Reporting System these are community health computer applications that have been developed to collect and process statistical information primarily for state/local health departments such as epidemiologic data and immunization data 6. Public Health Information Network enable consistent exchange of response (during emergencies/disaster), health, and disease tracking data between public health partners through defined data and vocabulary standards 5 key components: a. Detection and Monitoring b. Analysis c. Information Resources and Knowledge Management d. Alerting and Communication e. Response  Typically used community health systems 7. National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) promote the use of data and information system standards to advance the development of efficient and integrated surveillance systems at the national and local level Designed to: a. Detect outbreaks rapidly and monitor the health of the nation b. Facilitate the electronic transfer of appropriate information from clinical health departments c. Reduce provider burden in the provision of information d. Enhance he timeliness and quality of information  Typically used community health systems 8. Special Purpose Systems Collect statistical data for administering a specific program, regardless of what type of agency offers the program Collect and summarize management data on services in clinics, schools, and homes Provide statistics needed to obtain funds from state or local units for grants 9. School Health Systems Improved data collection, monitor and evaluate health of school age students Could be individual school base or district base Include healthcare plans, student activity records, medication logs, appointment scheduling, and referral/tracking Typically used community health systems 10. Home Health Information Systems Designed to support home healthcare, hospice, and private duty programs and hospital based programs Designed to collect and process data in order to prepare the documents required by third party payer for the payment of home healthcare services  Roles of the community health nurse in e-health Nursing and e-Health Author: Paula M Procter Reader in Informatics and Telematics in Nursing Sheffield Hallam University, UK The World Health Organization (WHO) defines e-health as "… the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for health to, treat patients, pursue research, educate students, track diseases and monitor public health." (WHO, 2010) Nursing is more difficult to define. “Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well in all settings” (ICN, 2010). Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.” This definition gives an indication of the diverse range of nursing roles, and it is such diversity that causes some difficulties in determining collectivity amongst nurses. When Florence Nightingale alive today she would be a champion for e-health from a nursing perspective. She who invented the pie chart to demonstrate more clearly the issues of disease and public health in the Crimea. Roles of Nurses in e-Health: 1. understand and improve, influence and use new technologies and informatics, including remote care; 2. find the most reliable sources of information to support evidence-based practice; 3. guide patients through publicly available information sources; 4. incorporate ICT into patient consultations; 5. manage the nurse patient relationship when the nurse is not physically in the same place as the patient; Roles of Nurses in e-Health: 6. perform a quick and accurate data entry at the point of care; 7. understand the legal and ethical issues associated with 8. managing and sharing patient information; 9. extract data to support decisions and monitor the outcomes of practice; 10. understand the role of technology in the delivery and organization of care, and 11. train other users such as patients and careers how to use relevant ICTs. Roles of Community Health Nurse in eHealth 1. Data and Records Manager monitor trends of disease through EMR/EHR allowing for targeted interventions for health promotion, disease prevention, curative services or rehabilitation make sure all data are accurate, complete, consistent, correct, and current perform regular data audits Roles of Community Health Nurse in eHealth 2. Change Agent work closely with the community in implementing eHealth with them and not for them inform and guide the community in selecting and applying appropriate ICT tools Collaborate with health leaders, policy makers, stakeholders and other community health professionals Help develop appropriate eHealth tools for the community Roles of Community Health Nurse in eHealth 3. Educator provide health education to the individuals, families, groups and community through ICT tools (teleconference, SMS, e- mail and virtual) participate in making eLearning videos on specific disease use scheduled text messages to patients among catchment population to send important health information, reminders, etc. Roles of Community Health Nurse in eHealth 4. Telepresenter In the event that a patient needs to be referred to a remote medical specialist Nurse present the patient's case to a remote medical specialist Noting salient points for case assessment, evaluation treatment Roles of Community Health Nurse in eHealth 5. Client Advocate Must safeguard clients records ensuring that security, confidentiality and privacy of all patient information are being upheld Must also guarantee that all eHealth interventions are performed in a safe ethical manner, making sure that personnel involved in eHealth are competent and have received eHealth training/certification Client must be informed about the benefits and challenges of EMRs, telemedicine and other eHealth tools. 6. Researcher responsible for identifying possible points for research and developing a framework, based on data aggregated by the system Pursues continuing informatics education Module 8 Health Related Entrepreneurial Activities A.Community-based Projects A community project is a term applied to any community-based project. This covers a wide variety of different areas within a community or a group of networking entities Refers to a philosophical approach in which communities have an active role and participate in highlighting and addressing the issues that matter to them. This challenges community members to identify what the issues are and to work together to address those issues (Van Bibber 1997). Community-based health education projects. The basic idea is to take health and health education to the community in a way that helps them learn ways to take care of simple needs, as well as learn ways to stay healthy. Some of these community-based projects has a specific and target groups such as vulnerable children, mother and child, diabetics, “at risk” groups (e.g. HIV/AIDS), etc. 10 Steps for Starting a Successful Community Service Project 1.Find Out What Is Needed in Your Community Start out by asking your friends and family members if there are things that they have seen that need a solution. Talk to neighbors. Engage in a community discussion Talk to community officials (local government) and police officers, and speak with non-profit groups in the area. 10 Steps for Starting a Successful Community Service Project 2. See What You Have the Ability to Do Ask yourself specific questions. Remember to be honest and realistic as you answer them: What skills and talents do you have? How many people do you realistically think you will be able to get to help you? What skills and talents will they have? How many hours per week can you devote to the project? How soon do you want to do the project? What is a realistic amount of money you will be able to raise for the project? Do you have any materials at hand that will be helpful? 10 Steps for Starting a Successful Community Service Project 3. Choose a Project List your activity ideas. If you have a group of people you're going to work with, allow them to help you rank the ideas from most to least important. Vote on or decide which activity you want to do. Make sure it is reasonable, within your means, and that you can actually make an impact to the community. 10 Steps... 4. Develop a Plan Write down exactly what you are hoping to accomplish. This will include a big-picture goal as well as the specific smaller tasks that you need to do in order to get the main goal. Go into the practicalities of the project. Do some background work to check out your liabilities and research the potential complications that can arise from the project you're planning. 10 Steps... 5. Recruit Your Volunteers If you don’t already have a group of people helping you, now is the time to get some people involved. Also, ask friends and family if they know people who would like to be involved. Make sure that you have their contact information (email and phone number), as well as what areas they are best able to help in Get specific time commitments from your members. How much time can they contribute every week? How much time can they contribute on the day of the event? Make sure they are realistic and don’t commit more than their schedules will allow. 10 Steps... 6. Make a Budget Now that you know your goals, you have to get specific with how much money is going to be needed to make your plan come to life. Make sure you list the type of items that you need – be specific! How many will you need of each item? What is the cost per item? What is the total cost? Don’t forget that your budget has to include more than just the physical items involved in your project. If you need a license to have an event or if you are going to pay someone to make an appearance, that will need to be factored into the budget as well. Finally, be sure to consider practical needs, like the cost of transportation and food on the day of the event for your volunteers. 10 Steps... 7. Make a Timeline You should already have a rough idea of how long your project will take, but now you need to narrow it down to the specifics. Pick an end date for your project that will give you enough time to put it together. Make sure that the date is approved by all necessary authorities. 10 Steps... 8.Raise Money There are a number of ways to raise money: street collection, organized events like raffles or an auction, direct mail donations, asking for contributions through church newsletters, and more. You can also contact local businesses for sponsorship. Offer them some sort of advertisement in return. Top Tips for Raising Money: Get in touch with local officials to see if they have any tips, advice, or restrictions on how you can raise money Check into grants. Many charities will give money to projects that benefit their causes. Try to get money from a variety of sources so that you're not too reliant on just one if it happens to fail. Always have a backup plan. 10 Steps... 9.Get Publicity Make a list of contacts at TV stations, newspapers, blogs, magazines, and radio stations. You are generally looking for journalists and editors. You'll want to talk with them both about the specifics of the project, and why you're doing it. Make sure you let them know who is going to benefit from your project. 10 Steps... 10.Implement the project Carry out activities proposed in the application form with the aim to achieve project objectives and deliver results and outputs. Make Contingencies Its success depends on many internal and external factors. Examples of community health projects 1.Water and sanitation projects. Water is a critical need for good health because sanitation goes hand in hand with water. These projects can range from hand-washing stations at schools and public venues, to sanitary latrines and toilets, to clean water projects such as deep wells. Elimination or reduction of water-borne diseases can have a tremendous effect on people’s health. Examples of community health projects 2.Food and nutrition projects. Getting undernourished people to a good level of nourishment can tremendously impact their health. Healthy people are not immune to diseases but they are much less susceptible to become sick. They also tend to have quicker recovery times. Examples of community health projects 3.Mobile Medical and Health Programs In the last few decades, we have seen a growth of mobile services. These programs include medical care, dental care, physical therapy, and more. This is a way to take good health care to the community. Examples of community health projects 4. Community Gardens green spaces in urban neighborhoods that have been transformed from idle vacant lots into colorful and vibrant crowd-pleasing gardens where community dwellers converge Benefits: Increase access to fresh foods. Improve food security Increase physical activity through garden maintenance activities. Improve dietary habits through education. Increase fruit and vegetable intake. Reduce risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Improve mental health and promote relaxation Examples of community health projects 5. Environmental Health Projects environmental health works to advance policies and programs to reduce chemical and other environmental exposures in air, water, soil and food to protect residents and provide communities with healthier environments. Examples of community health projects 6. BOTIKA SA BARANGAY Refers to a drug outlet managed by a legitimate community organization (CO)/non- government organization (NGO) and/or the Local Government Unit (LGU), with a trained operator and a supervising pharmacist. Refers to a drug outlet wherein primary, non-prescription generic drugs listed in the Philippine National Drug Formulary (PNDF) and selected prescription drugs (Cotrimoxazole, Amoxicillin, Metoprolol, Captopril, Metformin, Glibenclamide and Salbutamol) are sold/made available. Health and Wellness Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life. Wellness is more than being free from illness, it is a dynamic process of change and growth. Dimensions of Wellness 1. Physical Dimension Caring for your body to stay healthy now and in the future 2. Intellectual Dimension Growing intellectually, maintaining curiosity about all there is to learn, valuing lifelong learning, and responding positively to intellectual challenges Expanding knowledge and skills while discovering the potential for sharing your gifts with others Dimensions of Wellness 3. Emotional Dimension Understanding and respecting your feelings, values, and attitudes Appreciating the feelings of others Managing your emotions in a constructive way Feeling positive and enthusiastic about your life Dimensions of Wellness 4. Social Dimension Maintaining healthy relationships, enjoying being with others, developing friendships and intimate relations, caring about others, and letting others care about you Contributing to your community Dimensions of Wellness 5. Spiritual Dimension Finding purpose, value, and meaning in your life with or without organized religion Participating in activities that are consistent with your beliefs and values Dimensions of Wellness 6. Vocational Dimension Preparing for and participating in work that provides personal satisfaction and life enrichment that is consistent with your values, goals, and lifestyle Contributing your unique gifts, skills, and talents to work that is personally meaningful and rewarding Dimensions of Wellness 7. Financial Dimension Managing your resources to live within your means, making informed financial decisions and investments, setting realistic goals, and preparing for short-term and long-term needs or emergencies Being aware that everyone’s financial values, needs, and circumstances are unique Dimensions of Wellness 8. Environmental Dimension Understanding how your social, natural, and built environments affect your health and well-being Being aware of the unstable state of the earth and the effects of your daily habits on the physical environment Demonstrating commitment to a healthy planet Importance of Wellness Activities in the Community 1. Communities that participate in sport and recreation develop strong social bonds, are safer places and the people who live in them are generally healthier and happier than places where physical activity isn't a priority. 2. Sport and recreation builds stronger, healthier, happier and safer communities. 3. Communities that are attentive to public health can even reduce inequality among their residents. 4. “[Community health] also helps to reduce health gaps caused by differences in race and ethnicity, location, social status, income and other factors that can affect health,” The Benefits of Wellness Exercise It Can Make You Feel Happier It Can Help with Weight Loss It Is Good for Your Muscles and Bones It Can Increase Your Energy Levels It Can Reduce Your Risk of Chronic Disease It Can Help Skin Health It Can Help Your Brain Health and Memory It Can Help with Relaxation and Sleep Quality It can reduce pain Examples: Tai Chi, Walking, Jogging, Yoga, Stretching, Balance, Zumba, TAebo, Weight lifting and etc. Other Wellness Programs in the Community 1. Smoking cessation programs 2. Health Promotion Activities 3. Vaccination Programs 4. Alcoholic Anonymous 5. Mental Health Awareness Module 9 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SANITATION Environmental Health is a branch of public health that deals with the study of preventing illnesses by managing the environment and changing people’s behavior to reduce exposure to biological and non- biological agents of disease and injury. Environmental health mainly focuses on preventing diseases , which is more cost-effective than curing and treating diseases. Environmental Sanitation is defined as the study of all factors in man’s physical environment, which may exercise deleterious effect on his health well-being and survival. These factors include: Water sanitation Food sanitation Refuse and garbage disposal Excreta disposal Factors Insect vector and rodent control Housing Air pollution Noise Radiological Protection Institutional Sanitation Stream Pollution The Environmental and Occupational Health Office (EOHO), under the National Center for Disease Prevention and Control Program of the DOH  is responsible for the promotion of healthy environmental conditions and prevention of environmental related diseases through the following strategies which include: Quality water surveillance Evaluation of food establishments Proper solid waste management Sanitation of public places Sanitation management of disaster areas Impact management of environmentally critical projects Enforcement of sanitation laws, rules and regulations and standards WATER SUPPLY SANITATION PROGRAM Certification of potability of an existing water source is issued by the secretary of Health or dully authorized representative (local health authority). Approved Types of Water Facilities: LEVEL I (Point Source) – protected well or developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system, generally adaptable in rural areas where the houses are thinly scattered. Level I facility normally serves around around 15-25 households and its outreach must not be more than 250 meters from the farthest user. The yield or discharge is generally 40-140 liters per minute. Approved Types of Water Facilities: LEVEL II (Communal Faucet system or Stand –post) – a system composed of a water source a reservoir, a pipe distribution network and communal faucet, located at not more than 25 meters from the farthest house. Generally suited in rural areas where houses are clustered. LEVEL III (Water work systems or Individual House Connection) – A system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and household taps. Generally suited for densely populated urban areas. Unapproved Type 0f Water Facility Water coming from doubtful sources: Open dug wells Unimproved springs Wells that need priming Disinfection of water supply is required on the following: Newly constructed water supply facilities Water supply facility that has been repaired/improved. Water supply source found to be positive bacteriology analysis Container disinfection of drinking water collected from water facility that is subject for recontamination.  PROPER EXCRETA AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL PROGRAM POLICIES Approved Types of Toilet Facilities LEVEL I Non-water carriage toilet facility – no water is needed to wash the waste into the receiving space; eg. Pit latrines, reed odorless earth closet Toilet facilities requiring small amount of water to wash the waste into the receiving space; eg. Pour flush toilet, aqua privies LEVEL II – on site toilet facilities of the water carriage type with water-sealed and flush type with septic vault/tank. LEVEL III – water carriage type of toilet facilities connected to septic tanks and/or to sewerage system. FOOD SANITATION PROGRAM POLICIES: Food establishment shall be appraised for: Inspection/approval of all food sources, containers, transport vehicles. Compliance of sanitary permit requirement. Provision of health certificates for food handlers, cook, cook helpers. DOH AO 1-2006 – requires all laboratories to use formalin ether concentration tech. instead of direct fecal smear analysis of stools of food handlers. Destruction/banning of food unfit for human consumption. Training of food handlers and operators on food sanitation POLICIES: Food establishment shall be rated and classified as: Class A – Excellent Class B – Very satisfactory Class C – Satisfactory Ambulant food vendors shall comply with the requirements as to the issuance of health certificate Household food sanitation are to be promoted and monitored. Four Rights in Food Safety Right Source Right preparation Right cooking Right storage HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Policies: All newly constructed/ authorized and existing government and private hospitals shall prepare and implement a Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Program. The use of appropriate tech and indigenous materials for HWM shall be adopted. Training of personnel involved in HWM) shall be essential part of hospital training program. Public information campaign on health and environment hazards arising from mismanagement of hospital shall be the responsibility of hospital admin.  NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) R.A. 6969 – Toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear waste Control Act of 1990 R.A. 8749 – Clean Air Act R.A. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 R.A 9275 – Clean Water Act of 2004