SNC 2D Chemistry Review PDF

SNC 2D CHEMISTRY REVIEW CHEMISTRY: The study of MATTER MATTER: any substance that takes up space MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES - constant composition - variable composition...

SNC 2D CHEMISTRY REVIEW CHEMISTRY: The study of MATTER MATTER: any substance that takes up space MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES - constant composition - variable composition ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS SOLUTIONS MECHANICAL MIXTURES HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS PURE SUBSTANCE: A substance that is made up of the same particles Ex. 1 Water drop is made of millions of H2O particles ELEMENTS Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler units Ex. Hydrogen (H), Calcium (Ca) COMPOUNDS Pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion Ex. H20 (water), CO2 (Carbon dioxide), C6H12O6 (sugar) SNC 2D MOLECULES Formed when two or more atoms join together Ex. O2 is an oxygen molecule NH3 – ammonia molecule H20 – water molecule HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS MATTER: HOMOGENEOUS: -anything in which only one type of substance can be seen ex. Salt, milk, oil HETEROGENEOUS: -anything in which more than one type of substance can be seen ex. Salt and pepper mixture ex. Oil in water MIXTURES: Two or more substances are mixed together Particles in the mixture can be scattered in different ways. PROPERTIES OF MATTER  USED TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF MATTER  There are 2 types of properties:  1. Physical 2. Chemical PHYSICAL PROPERTIES These properties can be observed or measured without making a new substance Examples -temperature -volume -texture -clarity - colour - mass - taste -hardness SNC 2D -shape -density -lustre -brittleness -odour -malleability -form -ductility Characteristic Physical Properties: A property of a particular substance which does not share with any other substance Boiling Point: The boiling point of most substances is unique Ex. Only water boils at 100 °C Density To be covered later CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Describes how a substance reacts with another substance during a chemical reaction to produce a new substance Ex. It is a chemical property of: Oxygen to burn Iron to react with oxygen to form rust Chlorine to react with sodium to form salt Gasoline to burn CHANGES IN MATTER 1. PHYSICAL CHANGE When matter is manipulated but NO NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED Ex. Changes of state or dissolving 2. CHEMICAL CHANGE When matter is manipulated and A NEW SUBSTANCE IS FORMED. THIS NEW SUBSTANCE HAS DIFFERENT CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES THAN THE SUBSTANCE(S) THAT FORMED IT. Ex. Burning paper HOW CAN YOU CONCLUDE IF A CHANGE IS CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL??? 5 clues to indicate chemical change: SNC 2D 1. A temperature change occurs (gets hot or cold) 2. A colour change 3. Gas bubbles are produced 4. Materials you start with (reactants) are used up 5. The new substance does not dissolve and settles in the mixture (called a PRECIPITATE)