Chemist Practical PDF
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Summary
This document contains a practical exam/lab focusing on the identification of cations in salts, covering groups I through VI. It includes tests and observations for different cations, along with their corresponding results. The format uses tables to display the data effectively.
Full Transcript
# Identification of Cations in Salts ## Group (I) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + Dil.HCl | White ppt | PbCl<sub>2</sub>↓ (White ppt) (Lead chloride) **ppt = precipitate** | | Small portion of ppt + water | Soluble | | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | |...
# Identification of Cations in Salts ## Group (I) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + Dil.HCl | White ppt | PbCl<sub>2</sub>↓ (White ppt) (Lead chloride) **ppt = precipitate** | | Small portion of ppt + water | Soluble | | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1-Sol. + K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> (Potassium chromate) | Bright yellow ppt | PbCrO<sub>4</sub> (lead chromate) | | 2-Sol.+KI→ | Yellow ppt | PbI<sub>2</sub> | ## Group (II) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + Dil.HCl +H<sub>2</sub>S | Yellow ppt | CdS↓ (Cadmium sulphide) | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1-Sol. + NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) | White ppt | Cd(OH)<sub>2</sub>↓ (Cadmium Hydroxide) | | 2- Sol. +NH<sub>3</sub> Small portion of ppt +excess NH<sub>3</sub> | White ppt soluble | Cd(OH)<sub>2</sub>↓ [Cd(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] | ## Group (III) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + excess NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + aq. NH<sub>3</sub> till alkalinity add red litmus paper turn to blue. | White gelatinous ppt | Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>↓ (Aluminum Hydroxide) | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1-Sol.+ NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) | White gelatinous ppt | Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>↓ (Aluminum Hydroxide) | | 2- Sol. + Na<sub>3</sub>PO4 | White gelatinous ppt | AlPO<sub>4</sub> (Aluminum phosphate) | ## Group (IV) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + excess NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + aq. NH<sub>3</sub> till alkalinity+ H<sub>2</sub>S | White ppt | ZnS↓ (Zinc sulphide) | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1-Sol. + NaOH | White ppt | Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>↓ (Zinc Hydroxide)| | 2- Sol. + KCN | White ppt | Zn(CN)<sub>2</sub>↓ (Zinc cyanide) | ## Group (V) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + excess NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + aq. NH<sub>3</sub> till alkalinity+ (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | White ppt | CaCO<sub>3</sub>↓ (White ppt) (Calcium Carbonate) | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1- Sol. +CaSO<sub>4</sub> | -ve | | | 2-Flame test | Brick red color | | ## Group (VI) | Test | Observation | Result | |---|---|---| | **Main Test:** Sol. + excess NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + aq. NH<sub>3</sub>till alkalinity+ Na<sub>3</sub>PO4 (Sodium phosphate) | White ppt | Mg<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ (Magnesium phosphate) | | **Confirmatory Test:** (C.T) | | | | 1-Sol.+ Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> | White ppt | MgCO<sub>3</sub>↓ (Magnesium Carbonate) |
