XII Chemistry Practical: Salt Analysis PDF

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS m TESTS FOR ACID RADICAL (ANION) EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE 1.A little of the salt is added to Brisk effervescence. (Colourles...

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS m TESTS FOR ACID RADICAL (ANION) EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE 1.A little of the salt is added to Brisk effervescence. (Colourless gas dilute hydrochloric acid in a test evolved which turned lime water milky.) Presence of Carbonate tube No Charactertistc change. Absebnce of Carbonate, Sulphide, Sulphite and Nitrite 2. A little of the salt is rubbed with dilute Vinegar like smell is observed. Presence of Acetate. sulphuric acid in a watch glass No characteristic smell Absence of Acetate. 3. A little of the salt is heated with A colourless fuming gas is evolved concentrated sulphuric acid in a test tube. which gave dense white fumes with A glass rod dipped in ammonium ammonium hydroxide. Presence of Chloride hydroxide is shown at the mouth of the No characteristic change Absence of chloride, test tube. Bromide and Iodide. 4. A little of the salt is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid and then a paper ball is added Reddish brown gas is evolved Presence of nitrate No characteristic change Absence of nitrate 5.A little of the salt is heated with concentrated nitric acid. To this excess ammonium molybdate solution is added A deep yellow precipitate is formed. Presence of Phosphate. and cooled. No characteristic change. Absence of Phosphate 6. A little of the salt solution is added to A white precipitate insoluble in dilute barium chloride solution. hydrochloric acid is formed Presence of sulphate. No characteristic change Absence of sulphate. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CARBONATE 1. To a little of the salt solution, barium chloride solution is added. White precipitate is formed Carbonate is confirmed 2. To the above precipitate, dilute hydrochloric acid is added. Dissolved with brisk effervescence Carbonate is again confirmed. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ACETATE 1. To a little of the salt solution, neutral ferric chloride solution is added. Deep red colour is observed Acetate is confirmed 2. A little of the salt is strongly heated in a Pleasant smelling inflammable vapours dry test tube. are evolved. Acetate is again confirmed. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR CHLORIDE 1. To a little of the salt solution, dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution are White curdy precipitate, soluble in added. excess ammonium hydroxide is formed Chloride is confirmed 2. To a little of the salt solution, White precipitate, soluble in hot water lead nitrate solution is added. is formed. Chloride is again confirmed CONFIRMATROY TESTS FOR NITRATE 1. Brown ring test: To a little of the salt solution, equal volume of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution is added. To this, Nitrate is confirmed concentrated sulphuric acid is added along the sides of the test tube. A brown ring is formed 2. A little of the salt solution is heated with zinc dust and sodium hydroxide solution. Smell of ammonia Nitrate is again confirmed CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR SULPHATE 1. To a little of the salt solution, lead acetate solution is added. White crystalline precipitate is formed Sulphate is confirmed 2. To the above precipitate, ammonium acetate solution is added. Precipitate dissolved. Sulphate is again confirmed 1 Analysis of Simple Salts …….. JJJ, NVT CHEMISTRY, GVHSS Rajakumary, Idukki  TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL (CATION) 1. Test for zero group: To a little of the salt No precipitate Presence of ammonium solution, sodium carbonate solution is added. A precipitate is formed. Absence of zero group 2. Test for group I: To a little of the salt White precipitate is formed Presence of Lead solution, dilute hydrochloric acid is added. No precipitate Absence of group 1 3. Test for group II: To a little of the salt solution, dilute hydrochloric acid is added Black precipitate is formed Presence of Copper and hydrogen sulphide gas is passed No precipitate Absence of group II 4. Test for group III:To a little of the salt White gelatinous precipitate is formed Presence of aluminium solution, ammonium chloride and excess ammonium hydroxide are added. No precipitate Absence of group III 5. Test for group IV: To a little of the salt solution, ammonium chloride and excess White precipitate is formed Presence of Zinc. ammonium hydroxide are added and Flesh coloured precipitate is formed Presence of Manganese hydrogen sulphide gas is passed. No Precipitate Absence of group IV 6. Test for group V: To a little of the salt solution, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, and excess ammonium White precipitate is formed Presence of Barium or Calcium carbonate solution are added. No precipitate Absence of group V 7.Test for group VI: To a little of the salt solution, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide and disodium hydrogen phosphate solution are added. The inner side of the test tube is scratched with a glass rod. White crystalline precipitate is formed. Presence of Magnesium CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR AMMONIUM 1. To a little of the salt solution, sodium hydroxide solution is added and boiled in a test tube. A glass rod dipped in A colourless pungent smelling gas is concentrated hydrochloric acid is shown evolved, which gave dense white fumes at the mouth of the test tube. with concentrated hydrochloric acid Ammonium is confirmed 2. To a little of the salt solution Nessler’s reagent is added. Brown precipitate is formed Ammonium is again confirmed CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR LEAD 1. To a little of the salt solution, potassium Yellow precipitate is formed, which iodide solution is added. dissolved in hot water and reappeared as golden spangles on cooling. Lead is confirmed 2. To a little of the salt solution, acetic acid and potassium chromate solution are added. Yellow precipitate is formed Lead is again confirmed CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR COPPER 1. To a little of the salt solution Blue precipitate is formed which ammonium hydroxide solution is added dissolved in excess ammonium drop by drop till in excess. hydroxide to give deep blue solution. Copper is confirmed 2. To a little of the salt solution, acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanide solution are added. Chocolate brown precipitate is obtained. Copper is again confirmed CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ALUMINIUM 1. To a little of the salt solution, sodium White gelatinous precipitate is formed, hydroxide solution is added drop by drop which dissolved in excess sodium till in excess. hydroxide Aluminium is confirmed 2.Ash test: A little of the salt solution is boiled with a few drops of concentrated nitric acid and cobalt nitrate solution. A filter paper dipped in it is burnt to ash. Blue tinted ash is formed Aluminium is again confirmed. 2 Analysis of Simple Salts …….. JJJ, NVT CHEMISTRY, GVHSS Rajakumary, Idukki  CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR ZINC 1. To a little of the salt solution, potassium ferrocyanide solution is added. White precipitate is formed Zinc is confirmed 2.Ash test: A little of the salt solution is boiled with a few drops of concentrated nitric acid and cobalt nitrate solution. A filter paper dipped in it is burnt to ash. Green tinted ash is formed Zinc is again confirmed. CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR MANGANESE 1. To a little of the salt solution, sodium White precipitate is formed, which hydroxide solution is added in excess. turned brown on keeping. Manganese is confirmed 2. Permanganic acid test: A little of the salt is boiled with concentrated nitric acid and a pinch of lead dioxide. It is cooled and allowed to stand The supernatent liquid got pink colour Manganese is again confirmed TEST TO DISTINGUISH BARIUM AND CALCIUM 1. To a little of the salt solution, acetic acid Yellow precipitate is formed Barium is present and potassium chromate solution are added. No yellow precipitate Barium is absent. 2. To a little of the salt solution, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate solution are added. White precipitate is formed Calcium is present CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BARIUM Flame test: A little of the salt is made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The paste is then introduced into a Bunsen flame by means of a charred splinter. Green coloured flame Barium is confirmed CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CALCIUM Flame test: A little of the salt is made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The paste is then introduced into a Bunsen flame by means of a charred splinter. Brick red flame Calcium is confirmed CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR MAGNESIUM 1. To a little of the salt solution a few drops of Magneson reagent and excess sodium hydroxide solution are added Blue precipitate is formed Magnesium is confirmed 2. Ash test: A little of the salt solution is boiled with a few drops of concentrated nitric acid and cobalt nitrate solution. A filter paper dipped in it is burnt to ash. Pink ash is formed Magnesium is again confirmed REPORT : The given salt contains.......................................as anoin and.......................................as cation. 3 Analysis of Simple Salts …….. JJJ, NVT CHEMISTRY, GVHSS Rajakumary, Idukki