Introduction to Research in Physical Activity
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following research methods is NOT considered a type of descriptive research?

  • Experimental research (correct)
  • Observational research
  • Case study
  • Job analysis

What is the first step in the scientific method of problem solving?

  • Analyzing and interpreting results
  • Formulating the hypotheses
  • Developing the problem/Question (correct)
  • Gathering the data

What is the purpose of a literature review in a research proposal?

  • To summarize existing knowledge on the topic (correct)
  • To present the findings of the research
  • To describe the methods used in the research
  • To discuss the implications of the research findings

What is the main goal of experimental research?

<p>To establish cause and effect relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research is used to investigate the relationship between two or more variables?

<p>Correlational research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important aspect of quality research?

<p>Specifying and defining testable hypotheses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a meta-analysis?

<p>To synthesize findings from multiple studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method of problem-solving as described in the text?

<p>Critically analyzing the data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of research involves establishing general relationships from data?

<p>Reductive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of applied research?

<p>Finding immediate solutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the aspect of research that emphasizes the evaluation of conclusions through procedures?

<p>Logical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research is characterized by being theory-driven and conducted in laboratory settings?

<p>Basic Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which level of the continuum of research is the approach similar to real-world settings?

<p>Level II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for research to be replicable?

<p>Its actions are recorded for repetition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of research validity questions whether participants perceive the research as intended?

<p>Ecological validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked in applied research?

<p>How can children improve fine motor skills? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of a literature review in research?

<p>Developing hypotheses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is not part of the research proposal's method section?

<p>Results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the statement of the problem according to the literature review format?

<p>Hypotheses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an independent variable in the context of the scientific method?

<p>It is the factor manipulated by the researcher (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered when analyzing and interpreting results?

<p>External Validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary source in research literature?

<p>An original report of research findings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the introduction in a literature review?

<p>To explain the purpose and organization of the review (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential when developing a research problem?

<p>The ability to acquire new skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to establish both internal and external validity in research?

<p>To ensure results are accurate and applicable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an effective literature review structure?

<p>Organized around topics with a clear introduction and conclusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Research

A thorough and systematic investigation into a topic, typically involving the collection and analysis of data.

Literature Review

The process of finding and reviewing existing research related to your topic.

Research Problem

A specific question that your research aims to answer, often stemming from a gap in existing knowledge.

Hypotheses

Testable statements that predict an outcome or relationship between variables.

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Descriptive Research

Research studies that focus on describing existing phenomena, patterns, or characteristics.

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Experimental Research

Research studies that aim to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

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Research Proposal

A detailed, written plan outlining the methodology and procedures for conducting research.

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Research Abstract

A concise summary of your research findings and their significance.

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Systematic Research

Research follows a structured plan, focusing on identifying variables, designing studies, collecting data, and evaluating relationships. It aims to establish a logical connection between research questions and findings.

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Logical Research

Research uses logical reasoning to check the validity of procedures and conclusions. It analyzes information using established principles to ensure conclusions are sound.

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Empirical Research

Research relies on empirical evidence or real-world data to make decisions and draw conclusions. It avoids personal biases and instead uses tangible information for analysis.

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Reductive Research

Research seeks to identify general principles or relationships based on specific findings. It aims to reach conclusions that can be applied to wider situations.

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Replicable Research

Research actions are documented thoroughly so that others can repeat the study and verify results. The process is transparent and repeatable.

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Basic Research

Focuses on theoretical concepts and understanding of fundamental principles in a controlled laboratory setting.

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Applied Research

Aims to solve practical problems and address real-world scenarios. It uses methods relevant to real life settings to find solutions.

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Ecological Validity

The appropriateness of a study's context to real-world applications. This involves considering if the methods and setting are realistic and generalizable to everyday life.

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Independent Variable

The factor that is manipulated, changed, or controlled by the researcher to see its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent Variable

The factor that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

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Internal Validity

The degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatment or independent variable, rather than other factors.

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External Validity

The extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or situations.

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Research Plan

A detailed plan that outlines the steps and procedures involved in conducting a research study.

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Abstract

A document that summarizes the research topic, research question, methods, and findings.

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Introduction

The section of a research paper that introduces the research topic, problem, and significance.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Research in Physical Activity

  • The study of physical activity involves several key aspects, including research characteristics, basic vs. applied research, quality research, different research types, research settings, and research paper components.

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the five characteristics of research.
  • Define and distinguish between basic and applied research.
  • Discuss elements of quality research.
  • Describe different research types, settings, and research paper organization.

Five Characteristics of Research

  • Systematic: Plan and identify variables, design to test relationships, collect data, evaluate relationships, examine procedures to evaluate conclusions.
  • Empirical: Decisions are based on data.
  • Reductive: General relationships are established from data collected.
  • Replicable: Actions are recorded.

Continuum of Basic to Applied Research

  • Level I (Basic Research): Goal is theory-driven, approach is laboratory based.
  • Level II (Moderate Relevance): Goal is theory-based using relevant movements in a laboratory setting similar to real-world tasks.
  • Level III (Applied Research): Goal is immediate solutions in real-world settings.

Basic vs. Applied Research

  • Basic Research Question Example: What effect would inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling have on obesity? (Mice used.)
  • Applied Research Question Example: Which program is more effective in losing weight: jogging or aerobic dance? (Comparison of a jogging program and an aerobic program.)

Applied Research Example: Ecological Validity

  • Treatment groups include jogging, aerobic dance, and a control group.
  • Dependent variable is bioelectric impedance.
  • Ecological validity questions include if participants perceive the study as intended and if the setting generalizes to the real world.

Quality Research Begins

  • Research begins with knowledge of the field, starting at the library.
  • Essential steps include searching, reviewing, critically analyzing, integrating, and effectively summarizing literature to identify and delimit a problem.

Computer Searches/Discussion with Librarian

  • Use the Anderson University library OneSearch database or Google Scholar and other databases.

Quality Research Aligns

  • Define and specify testable hypotheses.
  • Design research to test hypotheses.
  • Select, describe, test, and treat participants.
  • Analyze and report results.
  • Discuss the meaning and implications of the findings.

Reading Research

  • Become familiar with relevant publications.
  • Read studies of interest.
  • Read as a practitioner would.
  • Read the abstract first.
  • Don't worry too much about statistics.
  • Be critical but objective.

Scientific Method of Problem Solving

  • Step 1: Develop the problem/question (defining and delimiting); including defining independent and dependent variables.
  • Step 2: Formulate hypotheses, with expected results.
  • Step 3: Gather data; consider internal and external validity.
  • Step 4: Analyze and interpret results.

Types of Research

  • Analytical: includes Historical, Philosophic, Reviews, Research synthesis (meta-analysis)
  • Descriptive: includes Questionnaire, Interview, Normative survey, Case study, Job analysis, Observational research, Developmental studies, Correlational studies,Epidemiologic research
  • Experimental Research: establishes cause and effect.
  • Qualitative Research: uses a different paradigm.

Figure 1.2 - The Total Research Setting

  • Visual Representation of the research process, including theoretical and empirical aspects, data collection, findings, and discussion.

Parts of Your Team's Research

  • Proposal: Research plan, includes abstract, introduction, problem and hypotheses, literature review, method (participants, instruments and measurements, procedures, and design and analysis).
  • Completing the Research: includes results discussion and conclusions, past tense editing, and the research poster.

Team

  • Discusses topic areas for research problem definition and team formation.

Chapter 2 Review

  • Focuses on developing the research problem and using the literature.

Purposes of the Literature Review

  • Identifying the problem/question.
  • Developing hypotheses.
  • Developing the method.

Writing the Literature Review

  • Structure: Introduction, body (topics based on outline), and summary/conclusions.
  • Critical vs. Related Studies: Distinguish critical from related studies in the literature review.
  • Organization: Using a topical outline to help readers understand the literature.

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Introduction To Research In Physical Activity PDF

Description

This quiz covers key characteristics of research in physical activity, including distinctions between basic and applied research, and the essential components of quality research. You will learn about research types, settings, and how to organize a research paper effectively.

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