Chapter 1: Introduction, Atom Economy, and Sustainable Development Goals PDF

CH1 Introduction, Atom Economy, Principles of Green Chemistry,UN Sustainable Development Goals. Dr.Waseem Abu Oun  Introduction During the twentieth century chemistry changed the way we live:- Transportation – production of gasoline and diesel from...

CH1 Introduction, Atom Economy, Principles of Green Chemistry,UN Sustainable Development Goals. Dr.Waseem Abu Oun  Introduction During the twentieth century chemistry changed the way we live:- Transportation – production of gasoline and diesel from petroleum and more recently crops, fuel additives for greater efficiency and reduced emissions, catalytic converters, plastics to reduce vehicle weight and improve energy efficiency. Clothing – man-made fibres such as rayon and nylon, dyes, waterproofing and other surface finishing chemicals. Sport – advanced composite materials for tennis and squash rackets, all- weather surfaces, textiles that let the body breathe and reduce wind resistance. Safety – lightweight polycarbonate cycle helmets, fire- retardant furniture, air bags. Food – refrigerants, packaging, containers and wraps, food processing aids and preservatives  Green Chemistry ‘To promote innovative chemical technologies that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and use of chemical products.’  Atom Economy Atom Economy One of the fundamental and most important principles of Green Chemistry is that of Atom Economy. The essentially is a measure of how many atoms of reactants end up in the final product and how many end up in byproducts or waste. The percent atom economy can be calculated as 100 times the relative molecular mass, or more correctly Relative Formula Mass, (Mr) of all atoms used to make wanted product divided by Mr of all reactants. The real benefit of atom economy is that it can be calculated at the reaction planning stage from a balanced reaction equation. Taking the theoretical reaction (1.1), X + Y = P + U (1.1) The reaction between X and Y to give product P may proceed in 100% yield with 100% selectivity, but because the reaction also produces unwanted materials U its atom economy will be less than 100%. Atom Economy Atom Economy Atom Economy Atom Economy Atom Economy 1.4.1 Atom Economic Reactions  1.4.1 Atom Economic Reactions Rearrangement Reactions Diel Alder Reactions Addition Reactions  1.4.1 Atom Uneconomic Reactions Substitution Reactions Diel Alder Reactions Addition Reactions  1.4.1 Atom Uneconomic Reactions Substitution Reactions 1.4.1 Atom Economic Reactions Elimination Reactions UN Sustainable Development Goals “…meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals UN Sustainable Development Goals