Chapter 8.docx

Chapter 8: Our African heritage Our African heritage Bomba, a rhythm of African origin that is integral to Puerto Rican culture. The rhythm and drums form the base of the Puerto Rican bomba. This dance requires a lot of agility. Mofongo Pasteles Alcapurrias Words as: Bembé Candungo Gongolí Monga Sig...

Chapter 8: Our African heritage Our African heritage Bomba, a rhythm of African origin that is integral to Puerto Rican culture. The rhythm and drums form the base of the Puerto Rican bomba. This dance requires a lot of agility. Mofongo Pasteles Alcapurrias Words as: Bembé Candungo Gongolí Monga Significant contributions by Afro-descendants in Puerto Rican culture: Rafael and Celestina Cordero, who founded schools accessible to children of all social classes. Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, who documented African American history in the United States. Julia de Burgos, a poet, and teacher who left a significant literary legacy. Rafael Hernández, a notable figure in pop music. José Celso Barbosa, a physician and politician. What is slavery and how did it work? Slavery is a system of forced labor where people’s rights are not recognized, and they are forced to work without pay. Causes and effects of slavery. When Taino population was reduced, Spanish government allowed African slaves to be brought to America. The aim of the colonizers was to make money. Slaves were considered the property of their master or owner. Some African kingdoms took prisoners and sold them as slaves to Europeans. They were imprisoned in barracks. Then they were put onto ships and taken to America. Traders sell them. Slaves’ job was planting and harvesting ginger, tobacco, cacao, bananas, mangoes, coconuts, oranges, and limes. These products were then exported. Livestock farming: raising animals, such as sheep, cows, and goats. Sugarcane grows, harvests and production. The sugar was produced on plantations. They used trapiche, the machine that grounds the sugarcane. Could cause accidents. The heat was unbearable in the areas around the boilers, where the guarapo or cane juice was extracted. Different types of slaves and their tasks: Domestic slaves: women worked in the kitchen and took care of the family’s children. Men worked as servants in the house. Field slaves: worked planting and harvesting. This job was particularly hard, as they spent long hours in the sun without rest. Rented slaves: Some slaves were also rented out by their owner to do a variety of other tasks like building roads and buildings. Cimarrones: fugitive slaves. Slaves that escape. Abolitionists: people that were opposed to slavery because they considered cruel and inhumane system. Ramón Emeterio Betances: abolitionist that founded the Secret Abolitionist Society. This society collected money to buy freedom for the children of slaves. Segundo Ruiz Belvis Román Baldorioty de Castro Moret Law: On July 4, 1870, was passed this law. Granting freedom to part of the slave population. The only people to not gain their freedom under this law were young adults. Abolition of slavery: March 22, 1873 Social Studies Exam: Our African Heritage and the History of Slavery I. Select the Correct Option For each of the following questions, choose the option that best answers the question. What is Bomba? a. The rhythm and drums form the base of the Puerto Rican bomba. b. This dance requires a lot of agility. Which of the following is not a Puerto Rican dish of African origin? a. Mofongo b. Pasteles c. Alcapurrias d. Rice and beans Who were Rafael and Celestina Cordero? a. They founded schools accessible to children of all social classes. b. They were notable figures in pop music. What did Arturo Alfonso Schomburg do? a. Documented African American history in the United States. b. Invented a rhythm of African influence. What is the literary contribution of Julia de Burgos? a. She left a significant literary legacy. b. She was a physician and politician. What is the primary characteristic of slavery? a. A system of paid labor with limited rights. b. A system of forced labor where people are treated as property. c. A voluntary employment arrangement with full rights. d. A temporary work program with partial rights. What was a direct consequence of the reduction in the Taino population in America? a. The increase of European settlers. b. The introduction of more democratic labor systems. c. The importation of African slaves to work on plantations. d. The development of new agricultural techniques. How did some African kingdoms contribute to the slave trade? a. By resisting European traders. b. By providing sanctuary to runaway slaves. c. By capturing and selling prisoners as slaves to Europeans. d. By negotiating trade agreements with the colonizers. What was the main purpose of slavery from the colonizers' perspective? a. To educate and convert the enslaved population. b. To maximize profits from the colonies. c. To promote cultural exchange. d. To provide employment to the underprivileged. Which of the following was NOT a task performed by slaves in the Americas? a. Planting and harvesting various crops. b. Raising livestock such as sheep, cows, and goats. c. Working in industrial manufacturing. d. Producing sugar on plantations. What was the trapiche used for on sugar plantations? a. To house slaves. b. To grind sugarcane. c. To store harvested crops. d. To cook meals for the workers. What were the conditions like around the boilers where guarapo was extracted? a. Cold and damp. b. Comfortable and safe. c. Unbearably hot and dangerous. d. Hygienic and well-ventilated. What was one of the main crop’s slaves were responsible for planting and harvesting? a. Rice b. Wheat c. Sugarcane d. Barley How were slaves typically transported to America? a. In passenger ships with adequate space and provisions. b. On foot across land bridges. c. In overcrowded ships under harsh conditions. d. By air travel in the earliest form of planes. What was the legal status of slaves in the context of property and ownership? a. Slaves were considered partially independent contractors. b. Slaves had the same rights as free citizens. c. Slaves were considered the property of their owners. d. Slavery was a loosely defined term with no legal implications. II. True or False Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. The rhythm of Bomba does not involve any drumming. _________ Slavery was a system where people are paid and treated well. _________ The Moret Law was passed on July 4, 1870. _________ Abolitionists were people who supported the continuation of slavery. _________ Domestic slaves typically worked inside the master's house. _________ Field slaves had the task of planting and harvesting crops. _________ Rented slaves could be used for tasks such as building. _________ Cimarrones were slaves who successfully sought freedom. _________ Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico on March 22, 1873. _________ Slaves were considered the property of their owners. _________ III. Critical Thinking Questions Please provide thoughtful answers to the following questions. Why the Moret Law was important? What right should be granted to formerly slavery individuals? How can the government ensure that this law is enforce? IV. Match Match each term or person with the correct description by writing the correct letter next to the number: Bomba _________ Mofongo _________ Bembé _________ Cimarrones _________ Ramón Emeterio Betances _________ Domestic slaves _________ Field slaves _________ Abolitionists _________ Moret Law _________ Abolition of slavery _________ a. Fugitive slaves who escaped from plantations. b. People opposed to slavery and fought for its end. c. A Puerto Rican dish with African roots. d. Slavery ended in Puerto Rico on this date. e. A law that granted freedom to part of the slave population. f. Worked inside the master's house, often as cooks or nannies. g. Worked outdoors in the fields, planting, and harvesting. h. A rhythm of African origin that is integral to Puerto Rican culture. i. Founder of the Secret Abolitionist Society. j. An event or social gathering with African cultural significance.