Chapter 8 Music PDF

Art Appreciation HUMANITIES Chapter 8 - Music  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Define what music is. 2. Enumerate and explain the elements and kinds of music. 3. Render one song number individually or by group. ...

Art Appreciation HUMANITIES Chapter 8 - Music  Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. Define what music is. 2. Enumerate and explain the elements and kinds of music. 3. Render one song number individually or by group.  History of Music Prehistoric Period Prehistoric music dates back to 4,000 years ago when the “oldest known song” from Ur was written in cuneiform. Deciphered by Prof. Anne Draffkorn Kilmer of the University of California at Berkeley, it was demonstrated to be composed in harmonies of thirds and was written using a Pythagorean tuning of the diatonic scale.  History of Music Greek Period Music during this period is exemplified by the Epitaph of Seikelos (first century A.D) engraved on a tombstone in Tralles, Asia Minor and the “Hymn to Apollo” (second century A.D) by Mesomedes of Crete (Lamucho et al, 2003). Roman Period Vocal and instrumental music (lyre, trumpet and drum) formed part of the daily lives of the early Romans. Songs and operas based on the  History of Music Medieval Period … The only repertory of Medieval music which has survived from before 800 to the present is the plainsong liturgical music of the Roman Catholic Church. The largest part of this music is called Gregorian chant, named after Pope Gregory I, who is usually claimed to be the originator of the musical portion of the liturgy in its present form. During the 9th century, the earliest polyphonic music was sung, a form of parallel singing known as organum. At the same time, musical notation was reinvented. During the late 13th century,  History of Music Medieval Period (cont...) such as the motet, conductus, discant, and clausulae were developed. In the following century, the style of the ars nova dominated European music history. Then, there was a tendency to use the forms fixes (the ballade, the virelai, the lai, and the rondeau), which correspond to poetic forms of the same names, and which were popularized by Guillaume de Machaut and Francesco Landini.  History of Music Renaissance Period The Renaissance music did not take its roots in Italy, but in northern Europe (France, the Netherlands, and Belgium) with the establishment of the first generation of the Franco-Flemish school that produced famous Burgundian composers, particularly Guillaume Dufay, Gilles Binchois, and Antoine Busnois. The middle generation of Franco-Flemish school included Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht and Josquin Desprez. The father of Galileo Galilei (Vincenzo) and Giulio Caccini worked for the restoration of the music of the ancient Greeks; they produced a  History of Music Baroque Period During this period, instrumental music became dominant and most major music forms were defined. While counterpoint was one of the major forces in both the instrumental music and the vocal music of the period, secular music came to the fore as the sonata, the concerto and the concerto grosso developed. Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel and Antonio Vivaldi were the three outstanding composers of the period.  History of Classic Music Period The music of the Classical Period is characterized by homophonic texture (an obvious melody with accompaniment). The popular instrumental music was dominated by several well-defined forms (the sonata, the symphony, and the concerto; however during the 19th century, the sonata became the primary form of instrumental compositions. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the central figure of the period although the Mannheim School composers (Johann Stamitz, Franz Xaver Richter, Carl Stamitz, and Christian Cannabich) exerted a profound influence on Joseph Haydn and on all subsequent  History of Romantic PeriodMusic During the Romantic Period, music became more expressive and emotional. Such were the compositions of the famous early Romantic composers, including Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Bellini, and Berlioz. With the dramatic expansion in the size of the orchestra and in the role of concerts as part of urban society, a new wave of famous composers emerge—Johann Strauss II, Brahms, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Verdi, and Wagner. Between 1890 and 1910, a third wave of composers (Dvorak, Mahler, Richard Strauss, Puccini and Sibelius)  History of Music Modern Period... A revolution in music listening occurred as the radio gained popularity worldwide and new media and technologies were developed to record, capture, reproduce and distribute music. Music today is no longer limited to concerts and clubs inasmuch as the almost obsolete cassette tape, the CD, the VCD, the DVD, the MP3, the MP4, and the computer are media generating music. As much, music artists can quickly gain popularity nationwide and sometimes worldwide. Music performances became increasingly visual  History of Music Modern Period (cont..) also became increasingly portable with the use of headphones. Thus, audiences are exposed to a wider range of music than ever before. The late 20th century and the early 21th century music brought a new freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles and forms that challenges the accepted rules of earlier periods. The invention of musical amplification and electronic instruments, particularly the synthesizer, revolutionized popular music and accelerated the development of new  Notable Local Composers Artists – Abdon, Bonifacio The first Filipino 12 conductor of oper, Abdon was among the 10 first composers who 8 elevated kundiman to Column 1 artistic level (Espina et 6 Column 2 Column 3 al., 2004) 4 – Velarde, Mike 2 Composer of Imelda 0 Romualdez- Marcos’ Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 favorite song “Dahil sa Iyo,” Velarde also did  Notable Local Composers Artists – Abelardo, Nicanor A native of Bulacan, Abelardo raised the kundiman genre to art- song status. At the age of eight, he wrote his first song entitled “Ang Unang Buko” for his grandmother. He was born to a family of  Notable Local Artists Composers – Aguilar, 12 Freddie Known as the “Bob 10 Dylan of the 8 Philippines”, Column 1 Aguilar raised folk 6 Column 2 Column 3 music to the 4 mainstream level. His ground- 2 breaking single, 0 “Anak”, which lost Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 in the Metro Pop Music Festival, was  Notable Local Composers Artists – Alcasid, Herminio Popularly Jr.as Ogie, known 12 Alcasid is a singer, 10 songwriter, composer, television host, actor, 8 comedian, and Column 1 entrepreneur. His 6 Column 2 Column 3 debut album self-title 4 “Ogie Alcasid” reached gold record status in 2 1989, while his debut single “Nandito Ako” 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 was awarded “Song of the Year” by local radio station Magic  Notable Local Artists Composers – Ayala, Joey 12 An advocate of environmental 10 protection, Ayala 8 composed songs with nature, 6 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 humanity and dying and cultures as 4 themes. Some of his 2 works are “Agila, Haring Ibon”, 0 “Dabaw”, “Manong Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Pawikan”, “Tabi Po”, “Answering Machine”  Notable Local Artists Composers 12 – Bartolome, 10 Heber 8 A proponent of Column 1 alternative music, 6 Column 2 Column 3 Bartolome 4 composed songs dealing with 2 societal problems. 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4  Notable Local Artists Composers – Buendia, 12 Eleander B. (Born November 2, 10 1970) 8 Fondly called Ely, 6 Column 1 Column 2 Buendia gained Column 3 popularity as a 4 guitarist, 2 songwriter, and lead vocalist for the 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 rock band, The Eraserheads. He composed the song  Notable Local Artists Composers – Canseco, George 12 (April 23, 1934- November 10 19, 2004) 8 One of the foremost 6 Column 1 Column 2 composers of Column 3 Original Pilipino 4 Music, Canseco 2 wrote hundreds of songs, a number of 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 which became chart hits and movie theme  Notable Local Artists Composers 12 – Canseco, Jose 10 A late 19th century composer, Jose 8 Canseco wrote Column 1 Column 2 6 hymns, zarzuelas, Column 3 military marches 4 and motets 2 (Espina et al., 2004) 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4  Notable Local Artists Composers – Cayabyab, 12 Ryan (Born May 4, 1954) 10 A holder of Bachelor of 8 Music, Major in Column 1 6 Column 2 Composition degree Column 3 from the UP College of 4 Music, Cayabyab first earned the degree of 2 Bachelor of Business 0 Administration from Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 the same university. A prolific composer for the movies, he did  Notable Local Artists Composers Named – as Celerio, the National 12 Levi Artist of the Philippines for the 10 Music in 1997, known 8 worldwide for being a leaf- player, for 6 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 which he earned a space in the Guinness 4 Book of World 2 Records. Having written lyrics 0 for more than 4,000 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 and he was awarded the Lifetime  Notable Local Artists Composers – Cornejo, 12 Wency A son of TV host- 10 newscacter Mel 8 Tiangco, Cornejo Column 1 used to be the 6 Column 2 Column 3 composer and lead for the band After 4 Image famed for the 2 song “Habang May Buhay.” Turning solo, 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 he produced compositions which he himself  Notable Local Artists Composers – Cruz, Willy 12 A prolific songwriter, Cruz has worked 10 for a number of 8 telenovelas, Column 1 including 6 Column 2 Column 3 “Babangon Ako’t 4 Dudurugin Kita,” “Kung Mahawi man 2 ang Ulap,” “My 0 Only Love,” Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 “Pasan Ko ang Daigdig,” “Pati ba  Notable Local Composers Artists – Cuenco, Ernani 12 A prolific composer, Cuenco is best 10 known for his composition, 8 “Gaano Kita 6 Column 1 Column 2 Kamahal.” Column 3 4 – De Guzman, Constancio 2 Another notable 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 composer, De Guzman set to music the lyrics of “Bayan  Notable Local Artists Composers – Felipe, The first Filipino 12 Julianof note, composer Felipe set to music 10 the lyrics of the 8 Philippine Natational Anthem, “Lupang 6 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Hinirang,” written by Jose Palma. 4 – Kasilag, 2 Lucrecia 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Known as the “First Lady of Philippine Music,” Kasilag did  Notable Local Artists Composers – Ocampo, Louie Known for his association with Martin Nievera, Ocampo wrote numerous hits, most of which were done in collaboration with other artists.  Notable Local Composers Artists – Santiago, Francisco Credited with timeless pieces such as “Pakiusap,” “Kundiman,” and “Madaling Araw,” Santiago is the first Filipino composer to be conferred the degree of Doctor of Music abroad  Notable Local Artists Composers – Silos, Juan Jr. 12 Best known for his rondalla 10 music. 8 – Umali, 6 Column 1 Column 2 Restituto Column 3 4 Known to many as Resty, Umali is one 2 of the most prolific composers the 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Philippines has ever produced. He did many  Notable Foreign Artists Composers – Adams, An American 12 John with composer Coolidge 10 strong roots in minimalism, Adams 8 is known for his 6 Column 1 Column 2 opera “Nixon in Column 3 China” and “On the 4 Transmigration of 2 Souls” 0 – Arne, Thomas Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Augustine An English composer,  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) A German composer of the Baroque period, Bach wrote all forms of except opera. – Bartok, Bela (1881-1945) A Hungarian  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Beethoven, Ludwig van A German composer, Beethoven wrote symphonies, opera (Fidelio), chamber music, and piano sonatas. – Bizet,  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Cannabich, Johann Christian Innocenz Bonaventur a German composer of the Classical era, a pupil of Johann Stamitz (1717- 1757), and a friend of Wolfgang  Notable Foreign Artists Composers Chopin, FredericChopin is A Polish composer, 12 known as the “Poet of the 10 Piano.” He wrote preludes, waltzes, and concertos. 8 Column 1 – Donizetti, Gaetano 6 Column 2 Column 3 An Italian composer, 4 Donizetti wrote the following 2 operas: “Wiiliam Tell,” “Lucia 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 di Lammermoor,” and “L’Elisir d ‘Amore” (“The  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Haydn, Franz- Joseph 12 (1732-1809) 10 A German Classic 8 composer, Haydn Column 1 wrote symphonies, 6 Column 2 Column 3 oratorios, (Creation” 4 and “Seasons”), and chamber music. 2 – Leoncavallo, 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Ruggiero An Italian composer,  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Liszt, Franz A Hungarian virtuoso pianist and composer, Liszt invented symphonic poem. Among his works are “Les Preludes,” “Hungarian Rhapsodies” and 13 symphonic poem. – MacDowell,  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Machaut, Guillaume De (1300-1377) A French composer of the ars nova, Machaut is noted for his “Mass of Notre Dame.” – Mascagni An Italian composer, Mascagni wrote  Notable Foreign Composers Artists – Menotti, Gian Carlo An Italian composer, Menotti is noted for his opera entitled “The Medium.” – Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus An Austrian Classic  Notable Foreign Artists Composers – Rossini, An Italian composer of 12 Gioachino Romantic operas, Rossini did “Barber 10 of Seville” and 8 “William Tell” based Column 1 on Beaumarchais’ 6 Column 2 Column 3 comedy and 4 Schiller’s drama, respectively. 2 – Scarlatti, 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Allesandro A Neapolitan  Notable Foreign Artists Composers – Scarlatti, 12 Giuseppe Domenico 10 An Italian Baroque 8 composer, Scarlatti Column 1 spent much of his Column 2 Column 3 life in Spain and 4 Portugal. Influential in the 2 development of the Classical 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 6style, he attracted notable admirers,  Notable Foreign Artists Composers He is– Stravinsky, known for his 12 Igor works, “Firebird,” “Petrouchka,” and 10 “Rite of Spring.” 8 – Tschaikovsky, 6 Column 1 Column 2 Peter Illich Column 3 4 A Russian composer, Tschaikovsky is 2 noted for the 0 following: “Sixt h Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 Symphony” (“Pathetique”),  Notable Foreign Artists Composers 12 – Verdi, 10 Giuseppe 8 (1813-1903) Column 1 Column 2 An Italian composer, 6 Column 3 Verdi wrote the 4 operas: “Aida,” “Rigoletto,” “Ill 2 Trovatore,” “La 0 Traviata,” and Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 “Otello.”  ACKNOWLEDMENT Introduction to Humanities By: Jesus Z. Menoy  Chapter 5 - MUSIC, ELEMENTS, KINDS http://historyofmusic.tripod.com/id6.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/28841479/What-Are-th http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0151192.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-m