Chapter 7 Study Guide US History 1 PDF

**Chapter 7 Study Guide US history 1** **[Eli Whitney]** - The first man to create a musket with interchangeable parts, his efforts were the first steps toward developing tools with which unskilled workers could make uniform parts. He also made the Cotton Gin that set the course for southern cotton...

**Chapter 7 Study Guide US history 1** **[Eli Whitney]** - The first man to create a musket with interchangeable parts, his efforts were the first steps toward developing tools with which unskilled workers could make uniform parts. He also made the Cotton Gin that set the course for southern cotton production. **[Interchangeable Parts -]** Parts that are exactly alike that can be substituted for another. **[Cotton Gin -]** Eli Whitney\'s invention, it helped to set the south on a different course of development compared to the north. Short-staple (or short-fiber) cotton was easier to grow but harder to clean than long-staple cotton. **[Mass Production -]** The production of goods in large quantities. These factories that use streams of water and coal to produce energy mass produce a lot of textiles. **[Industrial Revolution -]** social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed. It first started in New England during the 18th century, inventors came up with ways to use coal and water streams. The revolution in America started off with international trade, making tobacco or grain. Then after the war of 1812 and the Embargo act international trade to England stopped. **[Why New England?]** **[Lots of water streams]** New England wants to industrialize more than anyone. A lot of their economy relied on Agriculture and that was not highly profitable anymore. Samuel Slater, the first man to make a successful textile factory in the U.S. In 1813, three bostonians **[Henry Clay -]** A house speaker that promoted the American System. He explained that the American System would unite the nations economically and help both sides. **[American System]** An increasingly industrial north can produce manufactured goods to the south and the farmers in the south can produce the grain and meat needed in the north. **[Erie Canal -]** Stretched across 363 miles, linked the Hudson river to Lake Erie or to the Atlantic. New York became the dominant port in America. **[Tariff of 1816 -]** Ever since the war Britain had stock piled iron and textiles and were sold below the normal cost of them. Not many bought the American goods because it was too expensive. By placing tariffs on imports would help balance things out and help America focus on industrializing. A 25% tax on all wool and cotton goods imported into the United States from foreign nations. **[John Marshall -]** John Marshall a supreme court justice that guided McCulloch vs Maryland and Gibbon vs Ogden to strengthen our control over our economy. **[McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (95) -]** The government has powers not said in the constitution. Does the state have power to tax the government? **[Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) (94-95) -]** the states have to power to regulate interstate commerce **[John Quincy Adams (95) -]** Established a foreign policy based on nationalism **[Nationalism (97) -]** the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries. **[Adams-Onis Treaty (96) -]** Spain gave up Florida and their claim on the Oregon territory to the U.S. It was very important because international trade, the gulf of mexico, and it kicked Spain out from North America. **[Monroe Doctrine (96) -]** Europe could not interfere with the western hemisphere and the U.S won\'t interfere with them. This would help nationalism making them "better" than everyone else. **[Missouri Compromise (97) -]** Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The line between north and south was changed to 36 degrees and 30 lines. 36° 30´ north latitude. **[Andrew Jackson (99) -]** When John Adams died, his son John Quincy Adams was in the second year of his single term as president. He had succeeded James Monroe as president but was not effective as the nation's chief executive. The principal reason was Andrew Jackson, his chief political opponent. **[Election of 1824 (4-Way race) (99) -]** The tension between the two was increasing. Jackson won the popular votes but not the majority (over half of votes) of electoral votes. It came down to the house of representatives to decide who won since no one received a majority of electoral votes. **[Democratic-Republican Party (100) -]** After Adams was elected and chosen by the house of representatives Jacksonians accused Adams of stealing the presidency. The Jacksonians left the republican party and made the democratic-republican party (or the forerunner of the democratic party). They did everything in their power to sabotage Adams policies. Called "The Corrupt Bargain" **[Election of 1828 (Jackson Wins!)(100) -]** During the election Jackson acted humble and said that Adams is an intellectual elitist. Jackson won the election by a landslide. **[Spoils system (101)]** - Incoming officials throw out the former appointees and replace them with their own friends. Jackson ended up firing 10% of federal employees. **[Indian Removal Act (1830) (101) -]** This act would be passed in 1830 making the Indians move west being funded by the U.S government.In 1830, Jackson pressured the Choctaw to sign a treaty that required them to move from Mississippi. In 1831, he ordered U.S. troops to forcibly remove the Sauk and Fox from their lands in Illinois and Missouri. In 1832, he forced the Chickasaw to leave their lands in Alabama and Mississippi. **[Trail of Tears (map-102, 104) -]** Along the way, government officials stole the Cherokee's money, while outlaws made off with their live-stock. The Cherokee buried more than a quarter of their people along what came to be known as the Trail of Tears. When they reached their final destination, they ended up on land far inferior to that which they had been forced to leave. **[Worcester v. Georgia (1832) (103) -]** The state could not impose their laws on the Cherokee. Jackson did not like this at all and continued to support Indian removal. [ ] **[Daniel Webster (MA) (105) -]** Massachusetts senator, he gave an amazing speech. **[John C. Calhoun (SC) (105) - Jackson\'s Vice President,]** Webster\'s opponent in state rights and federal authority, "Liberty first Union afterward" was his motto. **[Tariff of Abominations (1828) (105) -]** Increased price of the tariff of 1824 **[Bank of the United States (107) -]** Although Andrew Jackson never did resort to sending troops into South Carolina he did wage a very personal war on the Bank of the United States (BUS). In fact, during the same year he dealt with the South Carolina crisis, 1832, he vetoed the bill to recharter the Bank. He did not support it **[- Nicholas Biddle -]** The Bank of the United States president who often gave extended loans to congressmen at much lower interest rates. **[- Pet Banks (108) -]** Jackson did not like the BUS and appointed his secretary of treasury to place all government funds into state banks. It was called Pet Banks because of its loyalty to the Democratic party. **[Whig Party (109) -]** Many people were angered with what Jackson was doing, including John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster created the Whig party. They backed the idea of the American system. **[Martin Van Buren (109) -]** Martin Van Buren, the democratic president running for office. **[Panic of 1837 (109) -]** The pet banks now known as the wildcat banks, used a lot of bank notes. People are trying to pay for land but these bank notes are basically useless. Jackson ordered that people can use only silver and gold to pay for land. Many people rushed to banks to trade in their papers for gold and silver. A lot of these banks did not have a lot of gold and silver and ran out of it quickly. Banks began to stop accepting paper currency, starting in New York. A lot of these banks are shutting down and ruining people\'s credit, bankrupting many businesses, and putting a third of the population unemployed. **[William Henry Harrison (110) -]** The Whig party president candidate. The whigs had a plan to paint Harrison as a war hero. **[John Tyler (110) -]** Harrison\'s vice president and his successor.