US History 1 Chapter 7 Study Guide

Parts of a machine that are identical and can be used interchangeably, allowing for easier assembly and repair.

Eli Whitney's invention that used a rotating cylinder with teeth to separate seeds from cotton fibers, dramatically increasing production speed.

The large-scale production of goods using machines and factories, leading to a significant increase in output and affordability.

A period of major technological advancements, particularly in manufacturing, which dramatically changed how goods were produced and economies functioned.

The shift from a primarily agricultural economy to one based on manufacturing and industrial production, with a focus on factories and machines.

The region that led the Industrial Revolution in America, primarily due to its abundance of water power and a readily available workforce.

A prominent political figure who promoted the American System, advocating for a balanced national economy with strong industrial and agricultural sectors.

A plan by Henry Clay to foster a more unified and balanced national economy, encouraging industrial development in the North and agricultural expansion in the South.

A 363-mile canal that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, significantly boosting transportation and trade, making New York City a dominant port.

A tariff imposed on imported goods, such as cotton and wool, in 1816, aimed at protecting American industries from foreign competition.

A pivotal Supreme Court justice who played a key role in shaping the authority of the federal government, particularly in economic matters.

A Supreme Court case that emphasized the implied powers of the federal government, ruling that the state of Maryland could not tax the national bank.

A Supreme Court case that affirmed the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce, significantly strengthening its role in trade and transportation.

The belief that the interests of the nation should take precedence over those of individual states or foreign countries, often expressed through strong foreign policy decisions.

A treaty signed in 1819 where Spain ceded Florida to the United States, strengthening American control over the Gulf of Mexico and its strategic coastline.

A foreign policy statement by President Monroe in 1823 that declared that the United States would not tolerate European interference in the Western Hemisphere.

A compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing a line along 36°30´ North latitude to determine slavery's expansion.

A charismatic and popular military hero who served as the seventh President of the United States, known for his democratic ideals and strong personality.

The contentious presidential election of 1824, which resulted in a four-way race with no candidate receiving a majority of electoral votes, leading to a heated contest in the House of Representatives.

The predecessor to the modern Democratic Party, formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson, who felt he had been cheated out of the presidency in 1824.

The highly competitive presidential election of 1828, where Andrew Jackson won a landslide victory over incumbent John Quincy Adams.

The practice of replacing government officials with supporters of the newly elected president, often seen as a way to reward loyalists and control the government.

A federal act passed in 1830 that forced Native American tribes to relocate westward, leading to the tragic Trail of Tears.

The tragic forced relocation of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to reservations west of the Mississippi River, resulting in immense hardship and loss of life.

A Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of the Cherokee Nation, stating that the state of Georgia had no jurisdiction over them, but Andrew Jackson disregarded the ruling.

Massachusetts senator and a prominent orator, known for his strong opposition to the expansion of slavery and his eloquent defenses of the Union.

Andrew Jackson's vice president who strongly believed in states' rights over federal power, often clashing with Webster on issues like tariffs and federal authority.

A tariff law passed in 1828 that significantly increased the tariffs of 1824, facing strong opposition from the South for its perceived economic disadvantages.

A national bank established in 1791 to manage the country's financial system, which Andrew Jackson strongly opposed, ultimately leading to its demise.

The president of the Bank of the United States who faced constant criticism from Andrew Jackson for his perceived power and influence.

State banks chosen by Andrew Jackson to hold federal funds after he vetoed the rechartering of The Bank of the United States.

A new political party formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson's policies and actions, which supported the American System and a stronger central government.

The Democratic president who succeeded Andrew Jackson but faced a severe economic crisis known as the Panic of 1837.

A severe economic downturn that struck the United States in 1837, characterized by bank failures, widespread unemployment, and financial instability.

The Whig Party candidate who won the presidency in 1840 but tragically died after only one month in office.

The vice president who became the 10th President of the United States after the death of William Henry Harrison, facing challenges to his legitimacy and facing internal conflicts within the Whig Party.