Industrialization - Sectionalism Test Review 2024 PDF

War of 1812-Sectionalism Test Review Vocabulary Protective Tariffs: Tax on foreign imports. Used to raise money for the government, and to protect American businesses by raising the prices of the foreign goods sold in the U.S. Factory Syst...

War of 1812-Sectionalism Test Review Vocabulary Protective Tariffs: Tax on foreign imports. Used to raise money for the government, and to protect American businesses by raising the prices of the foreign goods sold in the U.S. Factory System: Used water-powered machines to first make textiles (cloth items). Many unskilled laborers were hired to work in the factories. Free Enterprise System: Economic system in which there is competition between businesses, people are free to buy and sell what they want, and the government has little interference. Textiles: Cloth items Urbanization: The growth of cities Mass production: The making of large quantities of products Efficient: Maximum productivity with minimal effort Push factors: Population growth, famine, crop failures, political and religious conflict Pull factors: Freedom, economic opportunity, abundant land Sectionalism: Devotion to a particular region instead of to the country as a whole. Industrial Revolution Inventions: describe how each invention impacted America Interchangeable Parts: Parts that are made by machine could be made much faster, cheaper and easier. Products could be quickly assembled, and easily repaired. Steamboat and Canals: Upstream travel was now faster and cheaper thanks to the steamboat. Canals helped connect the regions of the West and North together and sped up the transportation of goods. The traffic along rivers and canals led to the rise of towns and cities along water routes. Telegraph: Allowed for near-instantaneous long distance communication Cotton Gin: Quickly removed seeds from cotton. Greatly increased cotton production in the South, but also led to an increase in slave labor. Mechanical Reaper and thresher: Both inventions greatly increased the speed of harvesting and processing wheat in the West. Steel Plow: Allowed western farmers to easily cut through the thick soil of the Mid-West. Railroad and Train: Fastest form of transportation. Products could be moved cheaply and easily. Railroads often connected cities together throughout the North. - What were the effects of the War of 1812? - Increase in nationalism, downfall of the Federalist Party, and an increase in American manufacturing and industries. - List the causes for the Industrial Revolution - Americans realized they were too independent on imported foreign goods and needed to push manufacturing. Population growth helped provide the labor, while technology changed the way products were made. - What geographic features of New England were necessary for early factories? - The fast-flowing rivers of the North were essential in provided the power for factories. - How were women’s lives affected by the Industrial Revolution and the rise of factories? - Many women moved to urban areas in order to work in factories and earn their own wages, as well as become independent. - What were some direct effects of improved transportation and communication? - Products could be transported much faster, cheaper, and easier. More people were willing to move out west since it was easier, and they could stay in touch with family back home with the use of the telegraph. - How did increases in population affect the Industrial Revolution? - The population growth helped provide the labor force for factory work. Also, Irish immigrants were used as a cheap labor force in the Northern factories. - What is the role of the government in a Free Enterprise system? - Government has a small and limited role in a Free Enterprise system. People are free to produce, sell, and buy as they see fit. - How did the inventions of the Industrial Revolution encourage westward expansion? - People could now easily and cheaply head west with new transportation methods. Inventions such as the steel plow, mechanical reaper, and thresher, now meant that farmers in the West could be efficient in the production of wheat. - How did the Erie Canal and others in the North East help the U.S. grow? - With all of the traffic along canals and other river routes, towns and cities began to develop. - What were some of the contributions of immigration during the 1800’s? - The Irish provided a cheap labor force in the northern factories and the building of canals. - Some Germans opened up their own shops and businesses in the North, while others migrated to the West and owned their own farms and ranches. - The Chinese were an important labor force in the building railroads in the West. They also opened up restaurants and laundry services for miners during the Gold Rush. Immigrant Reasons for immigrating Where they Jobs/Industry they worked Group primarily settled in Irish The potato famine “pushed” The cities of the northern Factory jobs and canal building the Irish out of Ireland United States Many came for economic Some settled in northern Some opened their own German opportunities in the U.S. cities, while many migrated businesses and shops, while to the West others owned their own farms and ranches in the West Chinese Hoped to get rich through the California and the West Railroads, restaurants, laundry California Gold Rush services Name three early U.S. court cases where the power of the federal government was defined as superior over states? - Marbury vs. Madison (Established judicial review) - McCulloch vs. Maryland (Federal law was superior to state law) - Gibbons vs. Ogden (Federal government handles interstate commerce) How did the economies of the North, South, and West increase growing tensions of sectionalism? - North = Supported the use of tariffs, wanted an industrial economy, used banks, relied on paid laborers and immigrants, relied on railroads and canals. - South = Supported an agricultural economy, opposed the use of tariffs, disliked banks, depended on slave labor, had few railroads and even fewer canals. - West = Primarily agricultural but used very little slave labor, supported tariffs in order to build more railroads that would connect the West and North and keep trade going. **Each region developed differently and lived differently. The people of each region focused on the needs of their particular region instead of the nation. The growing sectionalism was hurting the country.** Write out the equation for the plantation system 1. High demand for cotton coming from Europe and the North 2. Cotton gin greatly increases the speed of cotton production 3. Southern farmers increase the size of their fields to meet demands, but need workers 4. The use of slave labor in the South greatly increases