Psychology Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Questions PDF

 **If a patient cannot recall their past experiences but can remember general facts about their life, which type of memory is most likely impaired?** - A\) Semantic memory - B\) Episodic memory - C\) Procedural memory - D\) Iconic memory\ **Answer: B) Episodic memory**  **During a...

 **If a patient cannot recall their past experiences but can remember general facts about their life, which type of memory is most likely impaired?** - A\) Semantic memory - B\) Episodic memory - C\) Procedural memory - D\) Iconic memory\ **Answer: B) Episodic memory**  **During a memory task, a participant is exposed to a series of words. When given a hint like the first two letters of a word, their recall improves. This phenomenon is best explained by:** - A\) Maintenance rehearsal - B\) State-dependent memory - C\) The encoding specificity principle - D\) The self-reference effect\ **Answer: C) The encoding specificity principle**  **A scuba diver learns a list of words underwater. Later, they are tested on this list on land and perform poorly compared to when tested underwater. This result illustrates:** - A\) Proactive interference - B\) Context-dependent memory - C\) Mood-dependent memory - D\) State-dependent memory\ **Answer: B) Context-dependent memory**  **A person can remember their mother's birthday but struggles to recall a specific birthday celebration they had 10 years ago. This discrepancy illustrates the difference between:** - A\) Short-term and long-term memory - B\) Episodic and semantic memory - C\) Implicit and explicit memory - D\) Sensory and procedural memory\ **Answer: B) Episodic and semantic memory**  **When learning how to drive, a person eventually becomes able to perform the task without consciously thinking about every step. This is an example of:** - A\) Episodic memory - B\) Implicit memory - C\) Semantic memory - D\) Declarative memory\ **Answer: B) Implicit memory**  **A student who studies for an exam in their dorm room decides to take the test in the same room to enhance recall. This behavior reflects an understanding of:** - A\) Mood-dependent memory - B\) State-dependent learning - C\) Context-dependent memory - D\) The forgetting curve\ **Answer: C) Context-dependent memory**  **A chess expert who can recall the arrangement of pieces during a game better than a novice exemplifies:** - A\) The serial position effect - B\) The tip of the tongue phenomenon - C\) Chunking - D\) Priming\ **Answer: C) Chunking**  **If an individual encodes information while in a highly emotional state, how might this affect their recall later when they are in a different state?** - A\) Their recall would likely be unaffected - B\) Their recall may be improved by returning to the emotional state - C\) Their recall would be worse regardless of state - D\) They would only recall semantic details\ **Answer: B) Their recall may be improved by returning to the emotional state**  **Which mnemonic strategy involves associating items with specific physical locations or landmarks?** - A\) Method of loci - B\) First-letter technique - C\) Chunking - D\) Flashbulb memory\ **Answer: A) Method of loci**  **In a memory experiment, participants remember more words when they are encoded using both verbal and visual information. This is an example of:** - A\) The self-reference effect - B\) Dual coding - C\) Shallow processing - D\) Contextual encoding\ **Answer: B) Dual coding**  **A student learns a new concept and relates it to a personal experience. This strategy improves their memory through:** - A\) Maintenance rehearsal - B\) Context-dependent memory - C\) The self-reference effect - D\) Retroactive interference\ **Answer: C) The self-reference effect**  **A person is unable to recall their password until they are in front of their computer. This best illustrates:** - A\) State-dependent memory - B\) Context-dependent memory - C\) Encoding failure - D\) Procedural memory\ **Answer: B) Context-dependent memory**  **If someone witnesses a crime involving a weapon, they are more likely to remember the weapon than peripheral details. This phenomenon is called:** - A\) Change blindness - B\) Weapon focus - C\) Feature binding - D\) The recency effect\ **Answer: B) Weapon focus**  **A patient with damage to the hippocampus is likely to have difficulty with:** - A\) Retrieving old memories - B\) Forming new long-term declarative memories - C\) Remembering procedural tasks - D\) Sensory memory processing\ **Answer: B) Forming new long-term declarative memories**  **A person practices a speech multiple times and later finds it easier to recall the details during the actual event. This illustrates:** - A\) Priming - B\) Maintenance rehearsal - C\) Elaborative rehearsal - D\) The testing effect\ **Answer: D) The testing effect**  **When recalling a list of words, people often remember the last items. This illustrates:** - A\) Primacy effect - B\) Recency effect - C\) Interference effect - D\) Flashbulb memory\ **Answer: B) Recency effect**  **Which effect describes the phenomenon where information is more likely remembered when it is processed deeply and meaningfully?** - A\) The forgetting curve - B\) Maintenance effect - C\) Levels of processing - D\) The encoding specificity effect\ **Answer: C) Levels of processing**  **A person remembers a traumatic event vividly and with many details, even years later. This is an example of:** - A\) Episodic memory - B\) Flashbulb memory - C\) Context-dependent memory - D\) Mood-dependent memory\ **Answer: B) Flashbulb memory**  **A person remembers a traumatic event vividly and with many details, even years later. This is an example of:** - A\) Episodic memory - B\) Flashbulb memory - C\) Context-dependent memory - D\) Mood-dependent memory\ **Answer: B) Flashbulb memory**  **If a person frequently forgets their tasks after entering a new room, this could be explained by:** - A\) The tip of the tongue phenomenon - B\) Context-dependent forgetting - C\) Retroactive interference - D\) Memory decay\ **Answer: B) Context-dependent forgetting**  **A student remembers an important formula during a math exam because they studied in a quiet environment, just like the exam setting. This illustrates:** - A\) Context reinstatement effect - B\) Flashbulb memory - C\) Shallow processing - D\) Sensory memory\ **Answer: A) Context reinstatement effect**  **An athlete practices a routine repeatedly and can perform it perfectly without conscious effort. This demonstrates:** - A\) Implicit memory - B\) Episodic memory - C\) Semantic memory - D\) Working memory\ **Answer: A) Implicit memory**  **A witness to a crime recalls the suspect's face better when they return to the crime scene. This memory retrieval is due to:** - A\) State-dependent learning - B\) The recency effect - C\) Context-dependent memory - D\) Proactive interference\ **Answer: C) Context-dependent memory**  **If a participant in a study learns a list of words while intoxicated, which condition would likely lead to better recall?** - A\) Testing while sober - B\) Testing while intoxicated - C\) Testing in a familiar environment - D\) Testing using a mnemonic\ **Answer: B) Testing while intoxicated**  **Which of the following best demonstrates the encoding specificity principle?** - A\) Failing to recall a word despite knowing it - B\) Better recall when environmental cues at encoding match those at retrieval - C\) Learning material in chunks for better memory retention - D\) The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list\ **Answer: B) Better recall when environmental cues at encoding match those at retrieval**  **A person has difficulty learning new information because their previous knowledge interferes. This is an example of:** - A\) Retroactive interference - B\) Proactive interference - C\) The serial position effect - D\) The forgetting curve\ **Answer: B) Proactive interference**  **After witnessing an emotional event, a person has a vivid and detailed memory of the experience that lasts for years. This is known as:** - A\) Flashbulb memory - B\) Context-dependent memory - C\) Implicit memory - D\) Procedural memory\ **Answer: A) Flashbulb memory**  **A student uses a rhyme to remember the order of planets in the solar system. This memory aid is an example of:** - A\) Elaborative rehearsal - B\) A mnemonic - C\) Chunking - D\) The method of loci\ **Answer: B) A mnemonic**  **A patient who suffers from retrograde amnesia can no longer remember past events. Which type of memory is most affected?** - A\) Semantic memory - B\) Procedural memory - C\) Episodic memory - D\) Sensory memory\ **Answer: C) Episodic memory**  **During a test, a student recognizes an answer from a multiple-choice list even though they couldn't recall it earlier. This is an example of:** - A\) Recall - B\) Recognition - C\) Retrieval cue failure - D\) Proactive interference\ **Answer: B) Recognition**  **Which phenomenon describes the inability to notice changes in a visual scene or environment, even when they are significant?** - A\) Flashbulb memory - B\) Change Blindness - C\) Weapon Focus - D\) Context-Dependent Memory\ **Answer: B) Change Blindness**  **The process of combining visual features, such as color and shape, into a single, cohesive memory unit is known as:** - A\) Episodic buffering - B\) Feature Binding - C\) Dual Coding - D\) Chunking\ **Answer: B) Feature Binding**  **Which component of working memory is primarily responsible for storing and rehearsing verbal information?** - A\) Episodic Buffer - B\) Visuospatial Sketchpad - C\) Phonological Loop - D\) Central Executive\ **Answer: C) Phonological Loop**  **How do chess experts use chunking differently compared to novices when remembering positions on a chessboard?** - A\) They visualize each piece individually - B\) They chunk pieces based on their shape - C\) They group pieces into meaningful patterns - D\) They rely on procedural memory alone\ **Answer: C) They group pieces into meaningful patterns**  **What is the context-reinstatement effect?** - A\) The tendency to forget details when in a new environment - B\) Enhanced memory retrieval when returning to the original context of encoding - C\) Difficulty recalling information outside of the learning environment - D\) The ability to recognize information based on mood similarity\ **Answer: B) Enhanced memory retrieval when returning to the original context of encoding**  **A person fails to notice a significant change in their surroundings, such as a new painting on the wall when they walk into a room. This is an example of:** - A\) Episodic memory - B\) Change Blindness - C\) Flashbulb memory - D\) Retroactive interference\ **Answer: B) Change Blindness**  **When a person looks at a red, circular object and automatically recognizes it as an apple by combining its color and shape into one memory unit, they are demonstrating:** - A\) Feature Binding - B\) Context reinstatement - C\) Shallow processing - D\) Chunking\ **Answer: A) Feature Binding**  **While reading aloud in a study session, a student repeats information to themselves to help remember it for an upcoming test. Which component of their working memory are they using?** - A\) Episodic buffer - B\) Central executive - C\) Phonological loop - D\) Visuospatial sketchpad\ **Answer: C) Phonological loop**  **A chess master can recall the positions of pieces on a chessboard after a brief glance because they group them into meaningful patterns based on their expertise. This demonstrates:** - A\) Procedural memory - B\) Context-dependent memory - C\) Phonological rehearsal - D\) Chunking through Chess Expertise\ **Answer: D) Chunking through Chess Expertise**  **If a person returns to the location where they first learned information and finds it easier to recall that information, this is an example of:** - A\) State-dependent memory - B\) The testing effect - C\) Context-Reinstatement Effect - D\) Proactive interference\ **Answer: C) Context-Reinstatement Effect**