Chapter 6 Anatomy Study - Muscular System PDF

introduction to muscular system Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university 2024 1  Muscles of the Anter...

introduction to muscular system Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university 2024 1  Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the thigh The quadriceps femoris muscle Consisting of: 1- The rectus femoris 2- The vastus intermedius 3- The vastus lateralis 4- The vastus medialis Rectus femoris Va s t u s l a t e r a l i s Va s t u s m e d i a l i s  The quadriceps femoris muscle Va s t u s i n t e r m e d i u s Remember Quadriceps femoris is the main extensor of the knee joint Nerve supply : femoral nerve Ligamentum patellae Contents of the medial fascial compartment Muscles ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR BREVIS ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Nerve supply: O b t u r a t o r nerve Actions: Adducts thigh at hip joint  Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Thigh 1-Muscles: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus 2-Nerve supply: S c i a t i c nerve Biceps femoris  Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus  Sciatic Nerve A branch of the sacral plexus  Commonly terminates in the middle of the thigh by dividing into T i b i a l N e r v e and C o m m o n p e r o n e a l  Popliteal Fossa Is a diamond-shaped intermuscular space situated at the back of the knee  Contents of the popliteal fossa Popliteal artery and vein  The common peroneal nerve  Tibial nerve The popliteal artery AT the middle of the fossa The popliteal artery is the deepest structure While the vein is intermediate and the tibial nerve Is most superficial  Contents of the Anterior Fascial Compartment of the Leg Selected Muscles: Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus The main actions of these muscles are Extension of the foot at the ankle joint (dorsiflextion) to raise the toes up (in other words to stand up on the heels) Nerve supply of all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg: deep peroneal nerve Contents of the Lateral Fascial Compartment of the Leg Muscles: Peroneus longus: peroneus brevis: Nerve supply: Superficial peroneal nerve  Contents of the Posterior Fascial Compartment of the Leg The transverse septa of the leg divides the muscles of the posterior compartment into superficial and deep groups Deep group of muscles Superficial group of muscles Flexor digitorum longus Selected muscles Gastrocnemius Selected muscles Flexor hallucis longus Soleus Nerve supply: Tibial nerve Superficial group of muscles G a s t r o c n e m i u s P l a n t a r i s S o l e u s  Deep group of muscles Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior The femoral artery In the femoral triangle, its pulse is easily felt just inferior to the inguinal ligament midway between the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine. The popliteal artery The popliteal artery pulse is difficult to find, but usually can be detected on deep palpation just medial to the midline of the popliteal fossa. The dorsalis pedis artery Passes onto the dorsal aspect of the foot and anteriorly over the tarsal bones where it lies between and is parallel to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus and the tendon of extensor digitorum longus to the second toe. The posterior tibial artery Is palpable just posteroinferior to the medial malleolus between the heel and medial malleolus. muscles of the gluteal region  Gluteus maximus inferior gluteal nerve  Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus  Innervation Superior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve Clinical Notes The great thickness of gluteus maximus muscle makes it ideal for intramuscular injections. To avoid injury to the underlying sciatic nerve, the injection should be given well forward on the upper outer quadrant of the buttock. However, the upper lateral quadrant, most likely to be made by the Gluteus medius muscle rather than the gluteus maximus muscle. The gluteus maximus covers the posterior part only of the Gluteus medius while the anterior part (which makes the upper lateral quadrant) is covered by skin and fascia only Therefore, the intramuscular injection will be injected into the gluteus medius muscle rather than gluteus maximus muscle