Sensation & Perception Chapter 5 PDF

10/2/24 Announcements Chapter 4 Laulima Online Assignment due on 10/7 (Mon) at 11:55 pm. Sensation & Chapter 5 Laulima Online Assignment due on 10/14 (Mon) at 11:55...

10/2/24 Announcements Chapter 4 Laulima Online Assignment due on 10/7 (Mon) at 11:55 pm. Sensation & Chapter 5 Laulima Online Assignment due on 10/14 (Mon) at 11:55 Perception pm. Chapter 5 Midterm 2 on 10/11 (Fri). Midterm 2 Review on 10/9 (Wed) 1 2 Same Same Color! Color! 3 4 1  10/2/24 5 6 What is perception? Do we perceive the world in an exact same way? Or is our perception subjective? 7 8 2  10/2/24 Chapter 5 Concepts Part I: Visual Perception What is perception? How does it differ from sensation? What is the difference between bottom-up & top-down processing of perception? How does our brain process visual information? Part II: Top-Down Influence on Perception How do context, memory, experience, expectation, and bias all affect perception? Part III: Illusions What are illusions? What do they inform us about perception? 10 11 Sensation & Perception Sense – a system that translates information from outside the nervous system into neural activity Sensation – initial message from senses; representation of stimulus energy Perception – selection, organization, and interpretation; conscious experience; meaning Part I: Visual Perception 12 13 3  10/2/24 Action Processing Perception (mind) Sensation 14 15 Action Sensation & Perception Experience Memory So how does our mind process sensory information into perception to make sense of our reality? Processing Perception (mind) Bottom-Up Processing Bias & Knowledge Top-Down Processing Sensation 16 17 4  10/2/24 Bottom-up & Top-down Processing Bottom-up & Top-down Processing Bottom-up processing: perceptual processing that starts with the Top-down processing: perceptual processing that starts with higher processing of raw sensory information from the environment and cognitive processing, such as prior knowledge, expectations, and works upward to construct perceptions (or interpretations of reality). contexts to interpret sensory information. It is data or sense driven. It is driven by prior knowledge, expectations, and experiences. It is more objective, as it relies on what is directly perceived. It is subjective and influenced by various cognitive factors. It is essential for fast recognition of objects and making quick sense of the environment. Perception is the result of both bottom-up & top-down processing 18 19 Action Top-Down Processing Experience Memory Processing Perception Perception is the result of both Bottom-Up & (mind) Top-Down Processing. Bias Knowledge Sensation Bottom-Up Processing 20 21 5  10/2/24 Bottom-up & Top-down Processing Bottom-up & Top-down Processing This Top-Down information (from knowledge) completely changes your perception of this image 22 23 Bottom-up & Top-down Processing Perception is not a veridical representation of reality. What if someone from Sentinel Island 🇮🇳 sees this image? They don’t have KFC there. What would they perceive? What is their reality? 24 25 6  10/2/24 Action Sensation & Perception Senses Processing (mind) ? To understand perception, Hearing Vision Touch we need to discuss how sensory information travels from the senses and throughout the brain. Sensation Smell Taste 26 27 Sensation & Perception Sensation & Perception Transduction Transduction Sensory information is transduced at the senses by sensory coders that interpret it into meaningful signals that the brain can understand. Sense Sensory Info. Sensory Coders Vision Light waves Photoreceptors Sensory coders are processors responsible for transducing raw sensory information from the world into neural signals that the brain Hearing Sound waves Cochlear receptors can understand. Taste Chemical molecules Mechanoreceptors Transduction: the translation process by which the sensory coders Smell Chemical molecules Olfactory receptors convert sensory information into electrochemical signals. Touch Pressure on skin Taste receptors 28 29 7  10/2/24 Visual Processing Vision: the process by which we perceive and interpret visual stimuli from the external world. Part II: Visual Processing Visual stimuli: light wave A collection of one or more photons propagating through space as electromagnetic waves. 30 31 Eye color The iris is made up of two layers Epithelium: dark tissue at the back Stroma: colorless collagen and muscle fibers Sometimes contain brown melanin pigmentation Sometimes contain excess collagen The combination of these elements determines eye color. 32 33 8  10/2/24 34 35 36 37 9  10/2/24 Eye Color Rarest eye colors: 8th place: Brown (55-79%) 7th place: Blue (8-10%) 6th place: Hazel (5%) 5th place: Amber (5%) 4th place: Gray (3%) 3rd place: Green (2%) 2nd place: Red (