Chapter 6 - Human Memory: Expanded Notes PDF
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This document provides an overview of human memory processes. It examines encoding, storage, and retrieval. It also details different models of memory, like the information-processing approach.
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Chapter 6 - Human Memory: Expanded Notes Memory refers to retaining and recalling information over a period of time Nature of Memory Memory is conceptualized as comprising three interrelated processes: 1. Encoding: The process of recording and registering in...
Chapter 6 - Human Memory: Expanded Notes Memory refers to retaining and recalling information over a period of time Nature of Memory Memory is conceptualized as comprising three interrelated processes: 1. Encoding: The process of recording and registering incoming information. External stimuli are converted into neural signals and processed further. Encoding can involve structural (appearance), phonetic (sound), or semantic (meaning) processing. 2. Storage: Refers to retaining encoded information over time for future use. Involves maintaining information in either short-term or long-term memory systems. 3. Retrieval: The process of bringing stored information into awareness for use in cognitive tasks like decision-making or problem-solving. Memory failure can occur due to errors in encoding, weak storage, or retrieval challenges. Models of Memory 1. Information Processing Approach - Stage Model (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968) Compares human memory to a computer system, highlighting three distinct stages: a) Sensory Memory: ○ Registers incoming sensory information with high accuracy but for a very brief duration. ○ Types: Iconic Memory: Visual information (≤1 second). Echoic Memory: Auditory information (≤5 seconds). ○ Capacity: Large. ○ Duration: Very short (