LGBTQIA+ and SOGIE: (Meaning, History, and Processes) Chapter 3.5 PDF

The LGBTQIA+ and SOGIE (Meaning, History and Processes) (Learning Guide) Lesson. 7 Intended Learning Outcomes  Trace the history of the LGBTQIA+;  Discuss the LG...

The LGBTQIA+ and SOGIE (Meaning, History and Processes) (Learning Guide) Lesson. 7 Intended Learning Outcomes  Trace the history of the LGBTQIA+;  Discuss the LGBTQIA+ terms and its meaning;  Define the SOGIE Terms and discuss its meaning; and  Explain the importance and relevance of SOGIE. Introduction  Labels are powerful words to discriminate and oppress people. The use of ‘Aryan race’ as a word which means ‘superior’ (by the German Nazi). ‘Jews’ and ‘homosexual’; to justify their mass murder – what they called as ‘inferior’ race. Use of language; empower people to claim their space in the society – political sphere. Views on LGBT in History  In china 600 BCE, they use the terms pleasures of the bitten peach and brokeback.  In Japan, ‘shudo’ or ‘nanshoku’.  In Thailand, ‘Kathoey’ – referring to lady boys.  In the Philippines, ‘babaylan’ and ‘catalonan’ – mostly women priests, but some are males who lived their lives as women.  In ancient Greek, Pedastry- all males are expected to take on a younger male lover in a practice. Other societies, like indigenous Native Americans, accepted and celebrated what they called Two-spirited’ person in a dance to the “Berdache.”  Abrahamic Religion, this branded it as Sodomy- a crime against nature.  System enforced its belief systems of viewing same-sex attractions as a sin through violence such as; killing homosexuals through burning , stoning , or being fed to the dogs.  In 19th century, homosexuality was classified as an illness and as a basis to legally persecute homosexuals, imprison , and commit them to mental institution.  What does LGBTQIA+ stand for? Lesbian Women who are emotionally and sexually attracted to men. Gay Men who are emotionally and sexually attracted to men. Bisexual Man or woman who is emotionally and sexually attracted to men and women. Transgender When your gender identity (how you feel) is different from your Physical sex (Male and Female). Queer Used by people who celebrate all gender identities, can also mean someone who do not want to be restricted as Lesbian , Gay or Bisexual. Intersex People who were born with sex genitals or chromosome patterns that do not fit the typical male or female body. Asexual People who do not feel sexual attraction to anyone but it does not mean that they do not engage in romantic or sexual relationship. + Plus Refers to all sexuality that do not fit in the LGBTQI spectrum. Why it keeps changing ? There are many variations of this acronym and it continues to build as the world becomes more and more educated on the fluidity of human sexuality. As we become more inclusive as a society, these letters vacillate sometimes having one or two of the same letter, sometimes not including one. The important part is that, whatever the combination, these letters represent anyone identifying as or in support of any person(s) who are non-heterosexual or non-cisgendered. Cisgender or 'cis' is a term for anyone whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth. (Aurelia, 2020)  LGBTQ+ Identities, Sexualities and Genders The following list is neither comprehensive nor incontrovertible, but it’s an ever- improving list of definitions for terminology relating to LGBTQ+.  advocate – 1 noun : a person who actively works to end intolerance, educate others, and support social equity for a marginalized group. 2 verb : to actively support or plea in favor of a particular cause, the action of working to end intolerance or educate others.  agender – adj. : a person with no (or very little) connection to the traditional system of gender, no personal alignment with the concepts of either man or woman, and/or someone who sees themselves as existing without gender. Sometimes called gender neutrois, gender neutral, or genderless.  ally /“al-lie”/ – noun : a (typically straight and/or cisgender) person who supports and respects members of the LGBTQ community. We consider people to be active allies who take action on in support and respect.  androgyny /“an-jrah-jun-ee”/ (androgynous) – 1 noun. : a gender expression that has elements of both masculinity and femininity; 2 adj. : occasionally used in place of “intersex” to describe a person with both female and male anatomy, generally in the form “androgyne.”  androsexual / androphilic – adj. : being primarily sexually, romantically and/or emotionally attracted to men, males, and/or masculinity.  aromantic /”ay-ro-man-tic”/ – adj. : experiencing little or no romantic attraction to others and/or has a lack of interest in romantic relationships/behavior.  Aromanticism exists on a continuum from people who experience no romantic attraction or have any desire for romantic activities, to those who experience low levels, or romantic attraction only under specific conditions. Many of these different places on the continuum have their own identity labels (see demiromantic). Sometimes abbreviated to “aro” (pronounced like “arrow”).  asexual – adj. : experiencing little or no sexual attraction to others and/or a lack of interest in sexual relationships/behavior. Asexuality exists on a continuum from people who experience no sexual attraction or have any desire for sex, to those who experience low levels, or sexual attraction only under specific conditions. Many of these different places on the continuum have their own identity labels (see demisexual). Sometimes abbreviated to “ace.”  bicurious – adj. : a curiosity toward experiencing attraction to people of the same gender/sex (similar to questioning).  bigender – adj. : a person who fluctuates between traditionally “woman” and “man” gender-based behavior and identities, identifying with both genders (or sometimes identifying with either man or woman, as well as a third, different gender).  binder – noun : an undergarment used to alter or reduce the appearance of one’s breasts (worn similarly to how one wears a sports bra). binding – adj. : the (sometimes daily) process of wearing a binder. Binding is often used to change the  way other’s read/perceive one’s anatomical sex characteristics, and/or as a form of gender expression.  biological sex – noun : a medical term used to refer to the chromosomal, hormonal and anatomical characteristics that are used to classify an individual as female or male or intersex. Often referred to as simply “sex,” “physical sex,” “anatomical sex,” or specifically as “sex assigned at birth.”  biphobia – noun : a range of negative attitudes (e.g., fear, anger, intolerance, invisibility, resentment, erasure, or discomfort) that one may have or express toward bisexual individuals. Biphobia can come from and be seen within the LGBTQ community as well as straight society. biphobic – adj. : a word used to describe actions, behaviors, or individuals who demonstrate elements of this range of negative attitudes toward bisexual people.  bisexual – 1 noun & adj. : a person who experiences attraction to some men and women. 2 adj. : a person who experiences attraction to some people of their gender and another gender. Bisexual attraction does not have to be equally split, or indicate a level of interest that is the same across the genders an individual may be attracted to. Often used interchangeably with “pansexual”.  butch – noun & adj. : a person who identifies themselves as masculine, whether it be physically, mentally, or emotionally. ‘Butch’ is sometimes used as a derogatory term for lesbians, but is also be claimed as an affirmative identity label.  cisgender /“siss-jendur”/ – adj. : a gender description for when someone’s sex assigned at birth and gender identity correspond in the expected way (e.g., someone who was assigned male at birth, and identifies as a man). A simple way to think about it is if a person is not transgender, they are cisgender. The word cisgender can also be shortened to “cis.”  cisnormativity – noun : the assumption, in individuals and in institutions, that everyone is cisgender, and that cisgender identities are superior to trans* identities and people. Leads to invisibility of non-cisgender identities.  cissexism – noun : behavior that grants preferential treatment to cisgender people, reinforces the idea that being cisgender is somehow better or more “right” than being transgender, and/or makes other genders invisible.  closeted – adj. : an individual who is not open to themselves or others about their (queer) sexuality or gender identity. This may be by choice and/or for other reasons such as fear for one’s safety, peer or family rejection, or disapproval and/or loss of housing, job, etc. Also known as being “in the closet.” When someone chooses to break this silence they “come out” of the closet. (See coming out)  coming out – 1 noun : the process by which one accepts and/or comes to identify one’s own sexuality or gender identity (to “come out” to oneself). 2 verb : the process by which one shares one’s sexuality or gender identity with others.  constellation – noun : a way to describe the arrangement or structure of a polyamorous relationship.  cross-dresser – noun : someone who wears clothes of another gender/sex.  demiromantic – adj. : little or no capacity to experience romantic attraction until a strong sexual connection is formed with someone, often within a sexual relationship.  demisexual – adj. : little or no capacity to experience sexual attraction until a strong romantic connection is formed with someone, often within a romantic relationship.  down low – adj. : typically referring to men who identify as straight but who secretly have sex with men. Down low (or DL) originated in, and is most commonly used by, communities of color.  drag king – noun : someone who performs (hyper-) masculinity theatrically.  drag queen – noun : someone who performs (hyper-) femininity theatrically.  dyke – noun : referring to a masculine presenting lesbian. While often used derogatorily, it is also reclaimed affirmatively by some lesbians and gay women as a positive self identity term.  emotional attraction – noun : a capacity that evokes the want to engage in emotionally intimate behavior (e.g., sharing, confiding, trusting, inter-depending), experienced in varying degrees (from little-to-none to intense). Often conflated with sexual attraction, romantic attraction, and/or spiritual attraction.  fag(got) – noun : derogatory term referring to a gay person, or someone perceived as queer. While often used derogatorily, it is also used reclaimed by some gay people (often gay men) as a positive in-group term.  feminine-of-center; masculine-of-center – adj. : a phrase that indicates a range in terms of gender identity and expression for people who present, understand themselves, and/or relate to others in a generally more feminine/masculine way, but don’t necessarily identify as women or men. Feminine-of-center individuals may also identify as “femme,” “submissive,” “transfeminine,” etc.; masculine-of-center individuals may also often identify as “butch,” “stud,” “aggressive,” “boi,” “transmasculine,” etc.  feminine-presenting; masculine-presenting – adj. : a way to describe someone who expresses gender in a more feminine/masculine way. Often confused with feminine- of-center/masculine-of-center, which generally include a focus on identity as well as expression.  femme – noun & adj. : someone who identifies themselves as feminine, whether it be physically, mentally or emotionally. Often used to refer to a feminine-presenting queer woman or people.  fluid(ity) – adj. : generally with another term attached, like gender-fluid or fluid- sexuality, fluid(ity) describes an identity that may change or shift over time between or within the mix of the options available (e.g., man and woman, bi and straight).  FtM / F2M; MtF / M2F – abbr. : female-to-male transgender or transsexual person; male-to-female transgender or transsexual person.  gay – 1 adj. : experiencing attraction solely (or primarily) to some members of the same gender. Can be used to refer to men who are attracted to other men and women who are attracted to women. 2 adj. : an umbrella term used to refer to the  queer community as a whole, or as an individual identity label for anyone who is not straight.  gender binary – noun : the idea that there are only two genders and that every person is one of those two.  gender expression – noun : the external display of one’s gender, through a combination of clothing, grooming, demeanor, social behavior, and other factors, generally made sense of on scales of masculinity and femininity. Also referred to as “gender presentation.”  gender fluid – adj. : a gender identity best described as a dynamic mix of boy and girl. A person who is gender fluid may always feel like a mix of the two traditional genders, but may feel more man some days, and more woman other days.  gender identity – noun : the internal perception of an one’s gender, and how they label themselves, based on how much they align or don’t align with what they understand their options for gender to be. Often conflated with biological sex, or sex assigned at birth.  gender neutrois – adj. : see agender.  gender non-conforming – 1 adj. : a gender expression descriptor that indicates a non-traditional gender presentation (masculine woman or feminine man). 2 adj. : a gender identity label that indicates a person who identifies outside of the gender binary. Often abbreviated as “GNC.”  gender normative / gender straight – adj. : someone whose gender presentation, whether by nature or by choice, aligns with society’s gender-based expectations.  Genderqueer – 1 adj. : a gender identity label often used by people who do not identify with the binary of man/woman. 2 adj. : an umbrella term for many gender non-conforming or non-binary identities (e.g., agender, bigender, genderfluid).  Gender variant – adj. : someone who either by nature or by choice does not conform to gender-based expectations of society (e.g. transgender, transsexual, intersex, genderqueer, cross-dresser, etc).  Gynesexual / gynephilic /“guy-nuh-seks-shu-uhl”/ – adj. : being primarily sexually, romantically and/or emotionally attracted to woman, females, and/or femininity.  Hermaphrodite – noun : an outdated medical term previously used to refer to someone who was born with some combination of typically-male and typically-female sex characteristics. It’s considered stigmatizing and inaccurate. See intersex.  Heteronormativity – noun : the assumption, in individuals and/or in institutions, that everyone is heterosexual and that heterosexuality is superior to all other sexualities. Leads to invisibility and stigmatizing of other sexualities: when learning a woman is married, asking her what her husband’s name is. Heteronormativity also leads us to assume that only masculine men and feminine women are straight.  Heterosexism – noun : behavior that grants preferential treatment to heterosexual people, reinforces the idea that heterosexuality is somehow better or more “right” than queerness, and/or makes other sexualities invisible.  Heterosexual/straight – adj. : experiencing attraction solely (or primarily) to some members of a different gender.  Homophobia – noun : an umbrella term for a range of negative attitudes (e.g., fear, anger, intolerance, resentment, erasure, or discomfort) that one may have toward LGBTQ people. The term can also connote a fear, disgust, or dislike of being perceived as LGBTQ. homophobic – adj. : a word used to describe actions, behaviors, or individuals who demonstrate elements of this range of negative attitudes toward LGBTQ people.  Homosexual – adj. & noun : a person primarily emotionally, physically, and/or sexually attracted to members of the same sex/gender. This [medical] term is considered stigmatizing (particularly as a noun) due to its history as a category of mental illness, and is discouraged for common use (use gay or lesbian instead).  Intersex – adj. : term for a combination of chromosomes, gonads, hormones, internal sex organs, and genitals that differs from the two expected patterns of male or female. Formerly known as hermaphrodite (or hermaphroditic), but these terms are now outdated and derogatory.  lesbian – noun & adj. : women who are primarily attracted romantically, erotically, and/or emotionally to other women.  LGBTQ; GSM; DSG – abbr. : shorthand or umbrella terms for all folks who have a non-normative (or queer) gender or sexuality, there are many different initialisms people prefer. LGBTQ is Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and Queer and/or Questioning (sometimes people at a + at the end in an effort to be more inclusive); GSM is Gender and Sexual Minorities; DSG is Diverse Sexualities and Genders. Other options include the initialism GLBT or LGBT and the acronym QUILTBAG (Queer [or Questioning] Undecided Intersex Lesbian Trans* Bisexual Asexual [or Allied] and Gay [or Genderqueer]).  Lipstick lesbian – noun : Usually refers to a lesbian with a feminine gender expression. Can be used in a positive or a derogatory way. Is sometimes also used to refer to a lesbian who is assumed to be (or passes for) straight.  Metrosexual – adj. : a man with a strong aesthetic sense who spends more time, energy, or money on his appearance and grooming than is considered gender normative.  MSM / WSW – abbr. : men who have sex with men or women who have sex with women, to distinguish sexual behaviors from sexual identities: because a man is straight, it doesn’t mean he’s not having sex with men. Often used in the field of HIV/Aids education, prevention, and treatment.  Mx. / “mix” or “schwa” / – noun : an honorific (e.g. Mr., Ms., Mrs., etc.) that is gender neutral. It is often the option of choice for folks who do not identify within the gender binary: Mx. Smith is a great teacher.  Outing – verb : involuntary or unwanted disclosure of another person’s sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status.  Pansexual – adj. : a person who experiences sexual, romantic, physical, and/or spiritual attraction for members of all gender identities/expressions. Often shortened to “pan.”  passing – 1 adj. & verb : trans* people being accepted as, or able to “pass for,” a member of their self-identified gender identity (regardless of sex assigned at birth) without being identified as trans*. 2 adj. : an LGB/queer individual who is believed to be or perceived as straight.  PGPs – abbr. : preferred gender pronouns. Often used during introductions, becoming more common as a standard practice. Many suggest removing the “preferred,” because it indicates flexibility and/or the power for the speaker to decide which pronouns to use for someone else.  polyamory (polyamorous) – noun : refers to the practice of, desire for, or orientation toward having ethical, honest, and consensual non-monogamous relationships (i.e. relationships that may include multiple partners). Often shortened to “poly.”  Queer – 1 adj. : an umbrella term to describe individuals who don’t identify as straight and/or cisgender. 2 noun : a slur used to refer to someone who isn’t straight and/or cisgender. Due to its historical use as a derogatory term, and how it is still used as a slur many communities, it is not embraced or used by all LGBTQ people. The term “queer” can often be use interchangeably with LGBTQ (e.g., “queer people” instead of “LGBTQ people”).  Questioning – verb, adj. : an individual who or time when someone is unsure about or exploring their own sexual orientation or gender identity.  QPOC / QTPOC – abbr. : initialisms that stand for queer people of color and queer and/or trans people of color.  Romantic attraction – noun : a capacity that evokes the want to engage in romantic intimate behavior (e.g., dating, relationships, marriage), experienced in varying degrees (from little-to-none, to intense). Often conflated with sexual attraction, emotional attraction, and/or spiritual attraction.  Same gender loving (SGL) – adj. : sometimes used by some members of the African- American or Black community to express an non-straight sexual orientation without relying on terms and symbols of European descent.  Sex assigned at birth (SAAB) – abbr. : a phrase used to intentionally recognize a person’s assigned sex (not gender identity). Sometimes called “designated sex at birth” (DSAB) or “sex coercively assigned at birth” (SCAB), or specifically used as “assigned male at birth” (AMAB) or “assigned female at birth” (AFAB): Jenny was assigned male at birth, but identifies as a woman.  Sexual attraction – noun : a capacity that evokes the want to engage in physically intimate behavior (e.g., kissing, touching, intercourse), experienced in varying degrees (from little-to-none, to intense). Often conflated with romantic attraction, emotional attraction, and/or spiritual attraction.  Sexual orientation – noun : the type of sexual, romantic, emotional/spiritual attraction one has the capacity to feel for some others, generally labeled based on the gender relationship between the person and the people they are attracted to. Often confused with sexual preference.  Sexual preference – noun : the types of sexual intercourse, stimulation, and gratification one likes to receive and participate in. Generally when this term is used, it is being mistakenly interchanged with “sexual orientation,” creating an illusion that one has a choice (or “preference”) in who they are attracted to.  Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) – noun : used by some medical professionals to refer to a group of surgical options that alter a person’s biological sex. “Gender confirmation surgery” is considered by many to be a more affirming term. In most cases, one or multiple surgeries are required to achieve legal recognition of gender variance. Some refer to different surgical procedures as “top” surgery and “bottom” surgery to discuss what type of surgery they are having without having to be more explicit.  Skoliosexual – adj. : being primarily sexually, romantically and/or emotionally attracted to some genderqueer, transgender, transsexual, and/or non-binary people.  Spiritual attraction – noun : a capacity that evokes the want to engage in intimate behavior based on one’s experience with, interpretation of, or belief in the supernatural (e.g., religious teachings, messages from a deity), experienced in varying degrees (from little-to-none, to intense). Often conflated with sexual attraction, romantic attraction, and/or emotional attraction.  Stealth – adj. : a trans person who is not “out” as trans, and is perceived/known by others as cisgender.  Straight – adj. : a person primarily emotionally, physically, and/or sexually attracted to some people who are not their same sex/gender. A more colloquial term for the word heterosexual.  Stud – noun : most commonly used to indicate a Black/African-American and/or Latina masculine lesbian/queer woman. Also known as ‘butch’ or ‘aggressive’.  Third gender – noun : for a person who does not identify with either man or woman, but identifies with another gender. This gender category is used by societies that recognize three or more genders, both contemporary and historic, and is also a conceptual term meaning different things to different people who use it, as a way to move beyond the gender binary.  Top surgery – noun : this term refers to surgery for the construction of a male-type chest or breast augmentation for a female-type chest.  Trans* – adj. : an umbrella term covering a range of identities that transgress socially-defined gender norms. Trans with an asterisk is often used in written forms (not spoken) to indicate that you are referring to the larger group nature of the term, and specifically including non-binary identities, as well as transgender men (transmen) and transgender women (transwomen).  Transgender – 1 adj. : a gender description for someone who has transitioned (or is transitioning) from living as one gender to another. 2 adj. : an umbrella term for  anyone whose sex assigned at birth and gender identity do not correspond in the expected way (e.g., someone who was assigned male at birth, but does not identify as a man).  Transition / transitioning – noun, verb : referring to the process of a transgender person changing aspects of themself (e.g., their appearance, name, pronouns, or making physical changes to their body) to be more congruent with the gender they know themself to be (as opposed to the gender they lived as pre-transitioning).  Transman; transwoman – noun : An identity label sometimes adopted by female-to- male transgender people or transsexuals to signify that they are men while still affirming their history as assigned female sex at birth. (sometimes referred to as transguy) 2 Identity label sometimes adopted by male-to-female transsexuals or transgender people to signify that they are women while still affirming their history as assigned male sex at birth.  Transphobia – noun : the fear of, discrimination against, or hatred of trans* people, the trans* community, or gender ambiguity. Transphobia can be seen within the queer community, as well as in general society. Transphobic – adj. : a word used to describe an individual who harbors some elements of this range of negative attitudes, thoughts, intents, towards trans* people.  Transsexual – noun and adj. a person who identifies psychologically as a gender/sex other than the one to which they were assigned at birth. Transsexuals often wish to transform their bodies hormonally and surgically to match their inner sense of gender/sex.  Transvestite – noun : a person who dresses as the binary opposite gender expression (“cross-dresses”) for any one of many reasons, including relaxation, fun, and sexual gratification (often called a “cross-dresser,” and should not be confused with transsexual).  Two-spirit – noun : is an umbrella term traditionally within Native American communities to recognize individuals who possess qualities or fulfill roles of both genders.  ` – alternate pronouns that are gender neutral and preferred by some trans* people. They replace “he” and “she” and “his” and “hers” respectively. Alternatively some people who are not comfortable/do not embrace he/she use the plural pronoun “they/their” as a gender neutral singular pronoun. The Importance and Relevance of SOGIE Suchlike other parts of our identity; race and ethnicity, SOGIE really Matters. Indeed, it is an essential part of our identity that can determine and shape our needs and experiences. Here are the following some importance and relevance of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and/or Expression:  Understanding Individuals SOGIE Everybody has SOGIE. This is where SOGIE becomes useful as a first step to understanding not only those who are in CISGENDER but also the LGBTQIA+ and personal identity. SOGIE is an abbreviation of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression. In detail, Sexual Orientation refers to what type of gender one prefers sexually, Gender Identity is how one identifies oneself in gender, and Gender Expression is how people express themselves as what to wear or how one makes up. It is useful for questioning individuals to understand themselves better, but it also provides a framework that the public can use to empathize with the multitudes of sexual orientation and identity.  SOGIE as a catalyst for Human Rights There is an understanding at an international level that the issue should come from the equality of all people, the respect for human rights. SOGIE can bridge the current gap. At the international level, “human rights” are “the minimum standard that must be protected,” and it’s not a radical idea that has recently emerged. The United Nations adopted the idea of human rights and sexual issues, gender identity in 2011 for the first time. It means they expanded the protection to more people to the SOGIE level at this time. Since then, there’s been an awareness campaign called “Free & Equal.”  To Promote the Understanding of SOGIE SOGIE is essential to help everyone understand that sexuality is not binary nor lies along a binary scale. SOGIE shows us the myriad forms of sexual orientation and identity, and will foster a base of understanding for us to build foundations of human civilization. “End” References American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Sexual orientation and gender identity. American Psychological Association. Retrieved January 27, 2023, from https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/sexual-orientation Peralta, E.P.D., Botor, N.J.B.,& Laude, T.M.P. Laude (2019). A Course Module for Gender and Society: A Human Ecology Approach. Rex ook store, inc. (rbsi), Sampaloc, Manila. First edition. ISBN 978-621-04-0099-1 Inoue, N. (2022, February 15). Everyone has a SOGIE: Understanding orientation, gender and expression: Sustainability from Japan. Zenbird. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from https://zenbird.media/everyone-has-a-sogie-understanding-orientation-gender-and- expression/#:~:text=SOGIE%20is%20essential%20to%20help,build%20foundations %20of%20human%20civilization.