Chapter 31 OSHA PDF

Chapter 31: Occupational Safety and Health Overview Chapter 32: Hazard Communication Standard Chapter 33: Laboratory Safety Chapter 34: Bloodborne Pathogens Chapter 35: Personal Protective Equipment Chapter 31: Occupational Safety and Health Overview Occupational Safety and Health Act The OSHAc...

Chapter 31: Occupational Safety and Health Overview Chapter 32: Hazard Communication Standard Chapter 33: Laboratory Safety Chapter 34: Bloodborne Pathogens Chapter 35: Personal Protective Equipment Chapter 31: Occupational Safety and Health Overview Occupational Safety and Health Act The OSHAct was enacted in 1970 It created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBrXfw Dgz0w Some states have requested to handle OSHA regulations at the state level (State Plans) State/Other Agencies Federal Agency Employees 1980 Executive Order 12196, Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees Codified at 29 CFR 1960 State/Local Government Employees Oklahoma Department of Labor Public Employee Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) OSHA Standards General Industry – 29 CFR 1910 Permissible Exposure Limits 1910.1000 https://www.osha.gov/laws- regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.1000TABLEZ1 Construction – 29 CFR 1926 Agriculture – 29 CFR 1928 Maritime Shipyard – 29 CFR 1915 Marine Terminals – 29 CFR 1917 Longshoring – 29 CFR 1918 Gear Certification – 29 1919 Chapter 32: Hazard Communication Standard Hazard Communication OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200/29 CFR 1926.59 Employees have a right to know about the health hazards and physical hazards present on the job, and what precautions to take to prevent exposure Requirements: Written Program List of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace Labeling Manufacturer’s Label Workplace Labeling Safety Data Sheets Employee Training Scope and Application Applies to hazardous chemicals (health hazards and physical hazards) in the workplace Exclusions: Hazardous waste Food, drugs, alcoholic beverages, cosmetics Consumer products where used in the workplace in a duration and frequency of exposure not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended  Health Hazard Definition “Health hazard" means a chemical that is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: acute toxicity (any route of exposure) skin corrosion or irritation serious eye damage or eye irritation respiratory or skin sensitization germ cell mutagenicity carcinogenicity reproductive toxicity specific target organ hepatotoxins nephrotoxins neurotoxins agents that act on the hematopoietic system agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes aspiration hazard  Physical Hazard Definition “Physical hazard" means a chemical that is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: explosive flammable (gases, aerosols, liquids, or solids) oxidizer (liquid, solid or gas) self-reactive; pyrophoric (liquid or solid) self-heating organic peroxide corrosive to metal gas under pressure in contact with water emits flammable gas  Hazard Classification Each chemical/product must be evaluated by the manufacturer/distributor to determine whether the chemical is classified as hazardous according to the definition The outcome of the hazard classification determines the signal word and hazard statements in the label and safety data sheet Hazard classification of mixtures must be on the mixture as a whole, rather than the individual components Labeling Requirements Based on the classification, the chemical manufacturer/importer must provide the following on each container that is shipped: Product identifier Signal word Hazard statement(s) Precautionary statement(s) Pictogram(s) Name, address, and telephone number for the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party  Product Identifier The name or number used for a hazardous chemical on a label or in the SDS that provides a unique means by which users can identify the chemical and which permits cross-referencing between the list of hazardous chemicals, label and SDS  Signal Word A word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label “Danger” – used for the more severe hazards “Warning” – used for the less severe The word to be used is specified in Appendix C based on the hazard classification  Hazard Statement Hazard statement for each level of hazard within each hazard class (from Appendix C) Example: Flammable liquids Category 1: Extremely flammable liquid and vapor Category 2: Highly flammable liquid and vapor Category 3: Flammable liquid and vapor Category 4: Combustible liquid  Precautionary Statements Precautionary statements are selected from tables in Appendix C, based on the classification Four types of precautionary statements required: Prevention Response Storage Disposal  Precautionary Statements Flammable Liquids Prevention Response Storage Disposal Keep away from heat/ If on skin (or hair): Store in a well- Dispose of sparks/open flames/ hot Remove/ Take off ventilated place. contents/container to… surfaces. – No smoking immediately all Keep cool contaminated clothing. … in accordance with Keep containers tightly closed. Rinse skin with local/ regional/ national/ water/shower. international regulations Ground/Bond container and (to be specified) receiving equipment. In case of fire: Use … for Use explosion-proof electrical/ extinction. ventilating / lighting/…./equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Wear protective gloves/ eye protection/ face protection  Corrosion Pictogram Corrosive to metals Skin corrosion/irritation Serious eye damage/irritation  Flame Pictogram Flammable gases Flammable aerosols Flammable liquids Flammable solids Self-reactives Pyrophoric liquids and solids Self-heating substances Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases Organic peroxides  Skull and Crossbones Acute toxicity –(oral, inhalation or dermal routes)  Exclamation Mark Acute toxicity Skin irritation/corrosion Serious eye damage/irritation Skin sensitizer  Health Hazard Pictogram Respiratory sensitizer Germ cell mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Toxic to reproduction Aspiration hazard  Flame over Circle Oxidizing gases Oxidizing liquids Oxidizing solids  Gas Cylinder Pictogram Compressed gas Liquefied gas Refrigerated liquefied gas Dissolved gas Labeling Requirements Based on the classification, the chemical manufacturer/importer must provide the following on each container that is shipped: Product identifier Signal word Hazard statement(s) Precautionary statement(s) Pictogram(s) Name, address, and telephone number for the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Workplace Labels The employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with either: The information specified for labels on shipped containers, or Product identifier and “words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof, which provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information immediately available to employees under the hazard communication program, will provide employees with the specific information regarding the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical.” Example: Gasoline - Flammable  Safety Data Sheets Employers must have an SDS for each hazardous chemical they use. SDSs must be readily accessible to employees when they are in their work areas during their workshifts Binder Electronic SDSs must be in English; they may also be kept in other languages Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) Examples: Xylenes: https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=O50814&productDesc ription=OXYLENE+R+4L&vendorId=VN00033897&countryCode=US&langu age=en Glass Cleaner: https://www.b2bcomposites.com/msds/smi/605823.pdf Training Employers shall provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment, and whenever a new chemical hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area Summary Written Hazard Communication Program List of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace Labeling Manufacturer Workplace Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) Employee Training https://compliance.ouhsc.edu/ehso/Home/Policies- Programs Chapter 33: Laboratory Safety Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1910.1450 This section shall apply to all employers engaged in the “laboratory use” of hazardous chemicals Laboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non- production basis. Laboratory scale means work with substances in which the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one person. "Laboratory scale" excludes those workplaces whose function is to produce commercial quantities of materials. Other chemicals used in labs (e.g., cleaning products) falls under Hazard Communication Standard Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1910.1450 Where this section applies, it shall supersede, for laboratories, the requirements of all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z, except as follows: For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to limit employee exposure to the specific permissible exposure limit shall apply for laboratories. Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified by any OSHA health standard shall be observed. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1910.1450 This section shall not apply to: Uses of hazardous chemicals that do not meet the definition of laboratory use. Laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals that provide no potential for employee exposure. Examples of such conditions might include: procedures using chemically impregnated test media such as dip sticks and test strips, and/or Commercially prepared kits such as those used in pregnancy tests in which all of the reagents needed to conduct the test are contained in the kit Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1910.1450 The purpose of this regulation is to assure that laboratory employees' exposure to any regulated substance does not exceed OSHA PELs Air monitoring shall be performed for those substances suspected to routinely exceed the listed action level, or in the absence of an action level, the PEL Medical Exams shall be provided whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the lab where exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level routinely above the action level (or in the absence of an AL, the PEL) Whenever an event takes place in the work area such as a spill, leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting in the likelihood of a hazardous exposure Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories 29 CFR 1910.1450 Requirements: Written Chemical Hygiene Plan (https://labman.ouhsc.edu/) Contains standard operating procedures for chemical use in laboratories A requirement that fume hoods and other protective equipment are functioning properly Initial training and training prior to new exposures is required Provisions for medical exams and consultations Methods of hazard identification (labels, SDSs, training) Designation of a Chemical Hygiene Officer Chapter 34: Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms carried in human blood that can cause serious disease Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) can enter your body through:  a break in the skin (cut, burn, lesion, etc.)  mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)  sexual contact Bloodborne Pathogens human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis D virus (HDV) malaria syphilis babesiosis brucellosis Bloodborne Pathogens leptospirosis arboviral infections Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease adult T-cell Leukemia/lyphoma (caused by HTLV-I) HTLV-I associated myelopathy diseases associated with HTLV-II viral hemorrhagic fever HIV HIV is a human retrovirus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) There is no vaccine Most occupational infections result from needlestick injuries Does not survive long outside the body Nearly 1.2 million people in the US are living with HIV today 13% of them don’t know it 31,800 new infections a year 5,000 deaths per year in the US Still no cure, but treatments can reduce viral loads Hepatitis B 2 billion people in the world infected with HBV 1.5 million new infections annually worldwide About 14,300 new infections in 2021 in the US (was as high as 450,000) 880,000- 2.4 million chronically infected in the US Approximately 30-50% are symptomatic Symptoms range from mild fever to liver failure 5 years ago, more than 5,000 people died annually as a result of HBV infection in the US Currently the annual amount is about 1800 Unlike HIV, in a dried state, HBV may remain viable on surfaces for up to 1 week Hepatitis C An estimated 3.9 million Americans have been infected with HCV 2.7 million are chronically infected 20% of HCV infections are symptomatic Approximately 85% become chronically infected Chronic liver disease occurs in greater than 70% Approximately 15,000 persons each year die of chronic liver disease as a result of HCV infection (more than HIV) No vaccine available No post-exposure immunoprophylaxis New drug is extremely expensive http://www.healthline.com/health/hepatitis-c-treatment-cost#3 Hepatitis C OSHA Requirements Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030 Universal precautions all human blood and “other potentially infectious materials” are to be considered infectious Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM) Human Body Fluids semen vaginal secretions pericardial fluid cerebrospinal fluid synovial fluid pleural fluid pericardial fluid peritoneal fluid amniotic fluid saliva in dental procedures any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood or where you can’t differentiate Other Potentially Infectious Materials Other any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human, living or dead HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures human organ cultures HIV- or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals only if infected with HIV, HBV or other bloodborne pathogens infectious to man human cell lines and human cell strains OSHA Requirements Written Exposure Control Plan required Identification of employees with “reasonable anticipation” of occupational exposure per 1910.1030(b) "occupational exposure" is defined as "reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties“ Healthcare Others? Training of employees with “reasonable anticipation” of occupational exposure within 10 days of employment and annually thereafter  OSHA Requirements – Engineering Controls Use safe needle devices where possible Annual sharp evaluation questionnaire Do not bend, recap or remove needles Dispose of sharps in a nearby sharps container Dispose of other waste in a biohazard bag OSHA Requirements – Administrative Controls No eating, drinking, smoking, storing food Biohazard labels on all containers Decontamination of equipment and surfaces after contact/spill on completion of procedures end of shift/regular schedule prior to service Handwashing After removing gloves After contact with blood or OPIM If no handwashing facility, must provide antiseptic hand cleanser or towelettes until the worker can get to a sink OSHA Requirements - PPE Personal protective equipment Gloves when hand contact Masks, eye protection, goggles, etc. when splashes, spray, splatter, or droplets of infectious material can occur Gowns/clothing where other body exposure may occur OSHA Requirements Personal protective equipment The employer should provide the appropriate PPE to employees in the correct sizes at no cost to the employee PPE should be removed when contaminated disposed approved laundry OSHA Requirements Hepatitis B vaccination series offer at no cost, may decline 3 shots with titer Confidential post-exposure prophylaxis (treatment) Source blood procedures Sharps injury log must be kept The type and brand of device involved in the incident, The department or work area where the exposure incident occurred, and An explanation of how the incident occurred Bloodborne Pathogens 29 CFR 1910.1030 1. Written “Exposure Control Program” 2. Identifying employees with “reasonable anticipation of exposure” 3. Engineering controls (safer medical devices) 4. Administrative controls (handwashing) 5. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 6. Hepatitis-B vaccine and antibody test 7. Confidential follow-up in event of needlestick or other exposure incident 8. Initial and annual training 9. Sharps Injury Log 59 Chapter 35: Personal Protective Equipment  Personal Protective Equipment 1910.132 General Requirements 1910.131 Eye and Face Protection 1910.134 Respiratory Protection 1910.135 Head Protection 1910.136 Foot Protection 1910.137 Electrical Protective Equipment 1910.138 Hand Protection 1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment Assess workplace to determine if hazards are likely to necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) If hazards are present the employer shall: Select and have each affected employee use appropriate PPE for identified hazards Communicate selection decisions Select PPE that fits each employee 1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment No written program needed, but written certification of hazard assessment required which identifies: Workplace evaluated Person certifying that the evaluation has been performed Date(s) of the hazard assessment Identification of document as a certification of hazard assessment https://ehs.research.uiowa.edu/sites/ehs.research.uiowa.edu/files/forms/Certifi cation%20Of%20Hazard%20Assessment%20For%20PPE%20Use_0.pdf 1910.132(f) Training Employer must train employees before issuing PPE in at least these things: When PPE is necessary What PPE is necessary How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE PPE/Respiratory Use No written program required beyond PPE Assessment For respiratory use, under 29 CFR 1910.134, a written respiratory protection program is required that is specific to the hazards, the types of respirators used, and worksite specific procedures https://compliance.ouhsc.edu/ehso/Home/Po licies-Programs Substance Specific Standards 1910.1001/1926.1101 - Asbestos 1910.1053/1926.1153 Silica 1910.1025/1926.62 - Lead 1910.1026/1926.1126 - Chromium (VI) 1910.1028/1926.1128 - Benzene 1910.1052/1926.1152 - Methylene Chloride etc. Lead  PEL – 50 ug/m3  Action Level – 30 ug/m3  1910.1025(d)(2) “Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard shall determine if any employee may be exposed to lead at or above the action level”  If over the AL, you must sample every 6 months  If over the PEL, you must sample every 3 months  If you change something, you must resample Air Sampling Results Above the AL or PEL You must use engineering and work practice controls to reduce employee’s exposure. Examples include: Ventilation Lead free solder Worker rotation Use respiratory protection if engineering and work practice controls don’t reduce the exposures. Written Respiratory Protection Program Lead Requirement if above PEL  Must have a written compliance program that details how you will protect the employees  Post signs  Employees must be provided with clean protective clothing  Must have a change room including storage for clean and contaminated clothing  Must provide showers and ensure employees shower at the end of their shift  Employer is responsible for cleaning protective clothing  Employer must provide a clean lunchroom  Employees can not enter the lunchroom with protective clothing  Employees must wash their face and hands before eating, drinking, smoking Lead More Requirements  All surfaces must be kept as free as practicable of lead  Medical Surveillance  Blood lead levels and ZPP tests at least every 6 months  Medical Removal Program Employees must be removed from work when: Employee has a BLL of > 60ug/100g of blood Employee has an average BLL of > 50ug/100g of blood Benefits – the employer must maintain the earnings, seniority, and other rights of employment as though the employee had not been removed Lead Training Must inform employees of the contents of Appendix A and B if exposed at any level If exposed above the AL, then employees must be trained initially and annually. Training must include: Standard and Appendices Work that exposes employees above the AL Respiratory protection Medical surveillance and effects of lead Engineering and work practice controls Contents of compliance plan Instruction on chelation Crystalline Silica The general industry standard for silica is like most other OSHA health standards which require that the employer monitor employee exposure and compare to the PEL. The construction standard is a totally new way to look at exposure and control. Silica General Industry Standard 1910.1053 (a) Scope (b) Definitions (c) Permissible exposure limit (PEL) (d) Exposure assessment (e) Regulated areas (f) Methods of compliance (1) Engineering and work practice controls (2) Written exposure control plan (g) Respiratory protection (h) Housekeeping (i) Medical surveillance (j) Communication of silica hazards (k) Recordkeeping (l) Dates Construction Silica Standard 1926.1153 (a) Scope (b) Definitions (c) Specified exposure control methods OR (d) Alternative exposure control methods (e) Respiratory protection (f) Housekeeping (g) Written exposure control plan (h) Medical surveillance (i) Communication of silica hazards (j) Recordkeeping (k) Dates  Construction - Specified Exposure Control Methods Table 1 in the construction standard matches 18 tasks with effective dust control methods and, in some cases, respirator requirements. Employers that fully and properly implement controls on Table 1 do not have to: Comply with the PEL Conduct exposure assessments for employees engaged in those tasks  List of Table 1 Entries  Stationary masonry saws  Handheld grinders for mortar  Handheld power saws removal (tuckpointing)  Handheld power saws for fiber  Handheld grinders for other than cement board mortar removal  Walk-behind saws  Walk-behind milling machines  Drivable saws and floor grinders  Rig-mounted core saws or drills  Small drivable milling machines  Handheld and stand-mounted  Large drivable milling machines drills  Crushing machines  Dowel drilling rigs for concrete  Heavy equipment and utility  Vehicle-mounted drilling rigs for vehicles to abrade or fracture rock and concrete silica materials  Jackhammers and handheld  Heavy equipment and utility powered chipping tools vehicles for grading and https://www.osha.gov/laws- excavating regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.1153 Example of Table 1 Entry Required Respiratory Equipment/ Engineering and Work Protection and Task Practice Control Methods Minimum APF ≤4 >4 hr/shift hr/shift Stationary Use saw equipped with integrated None None masonry water delivery system that saws continuously feeds water to the blade. Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions to minimize dust emissions. Example of Table 1 Entry Required Respiratory Equipment/ Engineering and Work Protection and Task Practice Control Methods Minimum APF ≤4 >4 hr/shift hr/shift Handheld Use saw equipped with integrated power saws water delivery system that (any blade continuously feeds water to the diameter) blade. Operate and maintain tool in accordance with manufacturers’ instruction to minimize dust - When used outdoors None APF 10 - When used indoors or in an APF 10 APF 10 enclosed area Example of Table 1 Entry Required Respiratory Equipment Engineering and Work Protection and /Task Practice Control Methods Minimum APF ≤4 >4 hr/shift hr/shift Vehicle- Use dust collection system with None None mounted close capture hood or shroud drilling around drill bit with a low-flow rigs for water spray to wet the dust at the rock and discharge point from the dust concrete collector. OR Operate from within an enclosed None None cab and use water for dust suppression on drill bit.  Fully and Properly Implementing Controls Specified on Table 1 Presence of controls is not sufficient. Employers are required to ensure that: Controls are present and maintained Employees understand the proper use of those controls and use them accordingly 80  Respiratory Protection Requirements on Table 1 Respirators required where exposures above the PEL are likely to persist despite full and proper implementation of the specified engineering and work practice controls Where respirators required, must be used by all employees engaged in the task for entire duration of the task  Alternative Exposure Control Methods For tasks not listed in Table 1 or where employer does not fully and properly implement the controls described in Table 1: Exposure Assessment (initial monitoring/objective data) PEL: 0.05 mg/m3 AL: 0.025 mg/m3 Methods of Compliance: dust controls/ PPE  Construction – Medical Surveillance Employers must offer medical examinations to workers: Who will be required to wear a respirator under the standard for 30 or more days a year Employers must offer examinations every three years to workers who continue to be exposed above the trigger Exam includes medical and work history, physical exam, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function test (TB test on initial exam only) Engineering Controls- Wet Methods Grinding stone without engineering controls Polishing stone using water to control the dust Engineering Controls- Wet Methods Jackhammer use without engineering controls Jackhammer use with water spray to control dust  Engineering Controls- Vacuum Grinding without engineering controls Grinding using a vacuum dust collector Asbestos Regulations EPA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) 40 CFR 763 Asbestos School Hazard Abatement and Reauthorization Act (ASHARA) 40 CFR 763 Appendix C National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) - for demolition and renovation activities 40 CFR Part 61 OSHA 1910.1001 – Worker Protection in General Industry 1926.1101 – Worker Protection in Construction 1910.1200 – Hazard Communication DOT – Transport of Hazardous Materials Oklahoma DOL – Abatement of Friable Materials Regulations Oklahoma DEQ – EPA delegates NESHAP authority to DEQ, and DEQ regulates asbestos landfills  AHERA Requires schools to inspect for and manage asbestos Requires accreditation (training) for inspectors, management planners, project designers, contractors, workers Training must be provided by approved training providers with specified content Inspector course is 3-day training/annual 4-hour refresher Closed book exam Also need a license through the Oklahoma DOL Provides worker protection regulations, including required safety training, for public school workers since they are not covered by OSHA workplace regulations  ASHARA Extends accreditation (training) requirements to perform inspections or abatement in public and commercial buildings Also need a license through the Oklahoma DOL EPA NESHAP 40 CFR 61.145(a)…prior to the commencement of the demolition or renovation, (the owner or operator must) thoroughly inspect the affected facility or part of the facility where the demolition or renovation operation will occur for the presence of regulated asbestos containing material (RACM) If RACM is present, it must be removed prior to the renovation or demolition NESHAP notification to DEQ is required 10 days in advance of the renovation/demolition  OSHA General Industry 1910.1001(j)(2)(i) Building and facility owners shall determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at the work site. Employers and building and facility owners shall exercise due diligence in complying with these requirements to inform employers and employees about the presence and location of ACM and PACM. "Presumed asbestos containing material" (PACM) means thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. The designation of a material as "PACM" may be rebutted pursuant to paragraph (j)(8) of this section.  OSHA General Industry 1910.1001(j)(8)(ii) An employer or owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain asbestos by the following: 1910.1001(j)(8)(ii)(A) Having a completed inspection conducted pursuant to the requirements of AHERA (40 CFR 763, Subpart E) which demonstrates that no ACM is present in the material; or 1910.1001(j)(8)(ii)(B) Performing tests of the material containing PACM which demonstrate that no ACM is present in the material. Such tests shall include analysis of bulk samples collected in the manner described in 40 CFR 763.86. The tests, evaluation and sample collection shall be conducted by an accredited inspector or by a CIH. OSHA General Industry 1910.1001(j) Communication of hazards to employees— Introduction. …employees engaged in housekeeping activities in industrial facilities with asbestos product manufacturing operations, and in public and commercial buildings with installed asbestos containing materials may be exposed to asbestos fibers. Most of these workers are covered by this general industry standard, with the exception of state or local governmental employees in non-state plan states. Housekeeping employees, regardless of industry designation, should know whether building components they maintain may expose them to asbestos.  Hazard Communication in 1910.1001 29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos in General Industry: 1910.1001(j)(1)(iii): Employers shall include asbestos in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of asbestos and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of the HCS  Labeling 1910.1001(j)(4)(iv) “At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain ACM and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed.” 1910.1001(j)(5)(i) “Warning labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers.”  Hazard Communication/ Workplace Labeling 1910.1200(f)(6) Workplace labeling….(T)he employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with either: (i) The information specified under paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (v) for labels on shipped containers (GHS labeling); or, (ii) Product identifier and words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof, which provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information immediately available to employees under the hazard communication program, will provide employees with the specific information regarding the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical. Labeling Signs may be posted in lieu of labels 1926.1101 Construction Standard Class I asbestos work means activities involving the removal of TSI and surfacing ACM Class II asbestos work means activities involving the removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material (asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastics) Class III asbestos work means repair and maintenance operations, where “ACM”, including TSI and surfacing ACM is likely to be disturbed Class IV asbestos work means maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM and activities to clean up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities Requirements to take Samples Class III work Must be accredited (trained) and licensed Must establish a regulated area (where only trained workers can enter) Respirators are required Dropcloth below Air monitoring (exposure assessment) Minimum numbers of samples Surfacing 3 if 1000 but 5000 ft2 Thermal 3 of thermal 1 of patched At least 2 of fittings Miscellaneous At least 2 Asbestos in Construction (Abatement) OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 Competent Person Initial Exposure Assessment Permissible Exposure Negative Assessment Limits (PELs) Periodic Monitoring 0.1 fibers per cubic Oklahoma requires daily centimeter of air (0.1 f/cc) 8-hour time Regulated Area weighted average Signs (TWA8) Labels 1.0 f/cc 30-minute Methods of Compliance short-term exposure limit (STEL) Training Medical Surveillance 0.01 f/cc Oklahoma Recordkeeping  Abatement 2 layers of poly Z-flap on entrance Respirators and Tyvek suits Shower out Separate loadout area Negative pressure Shut down HVAC Remove all movable Asbestos abatement area contained and objects enclosed Wrap or remove lights Library Auditorium Asbestos Abatement Must be performed by an accredited and licensed contractor with accredited and licensed workers. The Oklahoma Department of Labor (DOL) oversees and inspects all abatement projects. Notices must be provided to both DEQ (for NESHAPs) and DOL 10 days in advance  Training AHERA: Maintenance and custodial staff who work in a building containing ACBM – 2 hour awareness training within 60 days OSHA 1910.1001 and 1926.1101: Include asbestos in the HazCom program Provide training at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter 1926.1101 Class IV (maintenance), 2 hours annually 1910.1001 Housekeeping, annual, no time specified (If in a school, initial has to be 2 hour, refresher not specified) OSHA HazCom: at time of initial assignment Employer’s Responsibility Summary – what is it the employer needs to do? Determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM in the workplace Cannot sample/inspect unless AHERA trained (accredited) and licensed Label it (if it can’t be labeled, post signs) Include in Hazard Communication Program Train employees OSHA Individual Compliance Programs Hazard Communication – 1910.1200 Lockout/Tagout (Energy Control Procedures)- 1910.147 Respiratory Protection – 1910.134 Process Safety Management – 1910.119 Personal Protective Equipment – 1910.132 Bloodborne Pathogens – 1910.1030 Emergency Action Plans – 1910.38 Permit-required Confined Spaces – 1910.146 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response – 1910.120 Electrical 1910.304 and 1910.333 Fire Prevention Plans – 1910.39 Laboratory Standard – 1910.1450 General Duty Clause All four of the following conditions must be met: A hazard exists in the workplace The hazard is recognized The hazard is causing, or is likely to cause, serious physical harm to employees A feasible means exists to reduce the hazard Ergonomics, heat/cold stress Individual Compliance Programs Next week we will cover: Comprehensive Safety and Health Compliance Programs What about all the hazards that don’t require a written program under OSHA? Ergonomics Heat Stress Laser Safety Etc. Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems