Chapter 3 Practical Research 2 PDF

CHAPTER 3 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2  CHAPTER 3 How does the researcher answer the questions stated in Chapter I?  Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Respondents of the Study Data- gathering Instrument Data- gathering procedure Statistical Treatment Research Desig...

CHAPTER 3 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2  CHAPTER 3 How does the researcher answer the questions stated in Chapter I?  Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Respondents of the Study Data- gathering Instrument Data- gathering procedure Statistical Treatment Research Design mode of research used  Non-Experimental Designs Survey Studies Time Orientation Retrospective Cross-sectional Longitudinal Purpose or Objective Descriptive Comparative Correlational Evaluative  SURVEY STUDIES Investigations are conducted through self-report. This design generally asks respondents to report on their attitudes, perceptions, or behaviors. Thus, survey studies aim at describing characteristics, opinions, and attributes as they currently exist in a population.  TIME ORIENTATION RETROSPECTIVE In a retrospective study, the outcome of interest has already occurred at the time the study is initiated. A retrospective study design allows the investigator to formulate ideas about possible associations and investigate potential relationships.  TIME ORIENTATION CROSS-SECTIONAL The data are collected at a single point in time. The design requires subjects who are at different points, or phases of an experience. The subjects are assumed to reporesent data collected from different time periods.  TIME ORIENTATION LONGITUDINAL Unlike in the cross-sectional survey, the researcher collects data from same people at different time. Purpose or Objective Descriptive This design aims to gather more information on certain characteristics within a particular field of study. Comparative This design is used to compare and contrast representative samples from two or more groups of subjects in relation to the variables involved in the study. Purpose or Objective Correlational This design is used to investigate the direction and magnitude of relationships among variables in a particular population. Evaluative This design involves making a judgement of worth or value. It allows the researcher to provide information that is useful for judging when conducting a program or service. It can be formative or summative.  Experimental Designs True Experiment Design Pretest-posttest control design Posttest only control group Solomon four-group Quasi-Experimental Designs Non equivalent Time Series Pre-Experimental Designs One-shot case study One group pre-test post-test  TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A design is considered a true experiment when the following are present: 1. the researcher manipulates over the independent variable 2. the research has control 3. there is at least one experimental and one comparison/ control group 4. the subjects are randomly assigned 5. the control group does not receive treatment  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention PRETEST-POSTTEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN R O1 X O2 R O1 O2  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention POSTTEST ONLY CONTROL GROUP DESIGN R X O2 R O2  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention SOLOMON FOUR - GROUP DESIGN R O1 X O2 R O1 O2 R X O2 R O2  QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A design in which either there is no control group or the subjects are not randomly assigned to groups.  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention NON-EQUIVALENT CONTROL GROUP DESIGN O1 X O2 O1 O2  R random selection O1 O2 O3 pretest 04 O5 O6 post test X intervention TIME-SERIES DESIGN O1 O2 03 X O4 05 06  PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A design in which the researcher has little control over the research. A very weak design.  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention ONE-SHOT CASE STUDY XO  R random selection O1 pretest 02 post test X intervention ONE-GROUP PRETEST POST-TEST DESIGN O1 X O2