Chapter 2 Test - Earth & Environmental Science PDF

Name: Date: Earth & Environmental Science Chapter 2 Test Earth’s Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology Multiple Choice 1....

Name: Date: Earth & Environmental Science Chapter 2 Test Earth’s Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology Multiple Choice 1. The basic units of matter, the smallest units that maintain the chemical properties of an element, are called a. atoms. b. lipids. c. compounds. d. molecules. 2. Which layer of Earth is made of solid metal? a. Inner core b. Upper mantle c. Outer core d. Lower mantle 3. The law of conservation matter states that ________. a. matter can be created but not destroyed b. matter can be destroyed but not created c. matter cannot be created or destroyed d. matter is a nonrenewable resource 4. Because of their large size, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are together called a. solutions. b. elements. c. hydrocarbons. d. macromolecules. 5. Which type of plate boundary is where the plates collide? a. Divergent b. Transform c. Transpiration d. Convergent 6. Enzymes are an example of a _________________________ a. protein b. nucleic acid c. carbohydrate d. lipid 7. All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space is called a. covalent. b. compound. c. matter. d. carbon. 8. Sugars are an example of a ________________________ a. protein b. nucleic acid c. carbohydrate d. lipid 9. The central core of very atom, containing particles called protons and neutrons, is called a(n) a. electron. b. bond. c. nucleus. d. compound. 10. All of the following are compounds except ________. a. water b. methane c. oxygen gas d. glucose 11. Plastics are ________. a. naturally occurring macromolecules b. unstable and break down easily c. moldable, petroleum-based hydrocarbons d. assembled by enzymes in cells 12. Many organisms that undergo chemosynthesis use ________ instead of ________ to fuel the processes that convert carbon dioxide into sugars. a. sunlight; water b. hydrogen sulfide (H2S); sunlight c. sunlight; carbohydrates d. energy; sunlight 13. Which of the following describes mass wasting? a. deterioration of an atom because of radioactivity b. the destruction of sedimentary rock by earthquakes c. blockage of sunlight by volcanic ash d. downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity 14. River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of ________. a. kinetic energy b. potential energy c. chemical energy d. entropy 15. Cellular respiration ________. a. releases carbon dioxide and water b. results in a net consumption of energy c. represents a decrease in entropy d. requires the green pigment chlorophyll 16. Undersea earthquakes and volcanic eruptions may produce ________. a. mudslides b. pyroclastic flow c. tsunamis d. hurricanes 17. Earthquakes result from ________. a. energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults b. surges of magma from Earth's core c. global climate change d. separation of layers within sedimentary rock 18. What is the type of rock formed when magma or lava cools? a. igneous b. sedimentary c. lithospheric d. metamorphic 19. Which of the following statements about the rock cycle is true? a. Sedimentary rock forms metamorphic and igneous rock via the process of lithification. b. The cooling of magma forms metamorphic rock. c. Weathering and erosion can cause all three rock types to become sediments. d. Sediments form igneous rock via lithification. 20. The force driving plate tectonics is ________. a. solar radiation b. the freezing and thawing of water in Earth's crust c. nuclear reactions in magma d. heat in the inner layers of Earth 21. ________ rock has undergone heat or pressure, causing it to change form. a. Conglomerate b. Igneous c. Sedimentary d. Metamorphic 22. Geologists have divided the geologic timescale using evidence compiled using stratigraphy, which is the study of ________. a. layers of igneous rock b. layers of sedimentary rock c. tree rings d. ancient cave drawings 23. What are the three distinct layers of Earth? a. core, mantle, crust b. mantle, magma, crust c. core, mantle, lithosphere d. mantle, crust, lithosphere 24. At a ________, tectonic plates push apart from one another as magma rises upward to the surface. a. subduction fault b. transform boundary c. strike-slip fault d. divergent boundary e. convergent boundary 25. The "ring of fire" is ________. a. the underground layer of Earth's crust that is most prone to volcanic activity b. the "wing" of the supervolcano found in Yellowstone National Park c. the region around the Pacific Ocean most prone to catastrophic wildfires d. a belt of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur around the Pacific Ocean  26. Why was the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 so much more deadly than the earthquake that struck Tohoku, Japan, in 2011? a. The Tohoku earthquake struck a rural area, whereas the Haiti earthquake centered on the capital city. b. The Haiti earthquake was much more powerful than the Tohoku quake. c. Japan has a stricter building code. d. Buildings in Japan are more rigidly built and less flexible than those in Haiti. 27. You live in the Pacific Northwest and hear a news story about the dangers associated with pyroclastic flow. Which of the following is the news story about? a. geysers b. mudslides c. tsunamis d. volcanic eruptions 28. The second law of thermodynamics states that energy ________. a. becomes more ordered in the absence of counteracting forces b. becomes less ordered in the absence of counteracting forces c. becomes matter d. does not change 29. At a ________, tectonic plates come together and either collide or subduct. a. transform boundary b. strike-slip fault c. divergent boundary d. convergent boundary 30. Sandstone is formed from cemented sand particles and therefore is a type of ________ rock. a. conglomerate b. igneous c. sedimentary d. metamorphic Matching A. The smallest components of elements that still maintain the 31. Atoms chemical properties of the elements B. Negatively charged particles 32. Autotroph C. Elements with the same atomic number but different atomic 33. Electrons masses D. Atoms or molecules with a charge 34. Ions E. Uncharged particles that contribute to an atoms mass number 35. Isotopes F. Positively charged particles 36. Mineral G. Combinations of elements held together with bonds 37. Molecules H. Organisms that use the sun’s radiation directly to produce their 38. Neutrons own food. I. Any solid aggregation of minerals. 39. Photosynthesis J. Any naturally occurring solid element or inorganic compound with a crystal structure, specific chemical composition, and distinct 40. Protons physical properties. K. Sunlight is used to power chemical reactions that turn water and 41. Rock carbon dioxide into sugar. Short Answer 42. In what ways are macromolecules essential to life? Describe three macromolecules, and describe their major role(s) in organisms. 43. Briefly explain the concept of plate tectonics and why it is important for the study of geography.