Immigration Notes PDF

IMMIGRATION  Why come to America? JOBS AND THE AMERICAN DREAM.  Open Door Policy Colonial immigration – NORTHERN Europe: England, Germany, Ireland The Second Wave 1783-1880- 8 million- OLD IMMIGRATION BEFORE 1880 NORTHERN and WESTERN Europe Irish- potato famine-1840...

IMMIGRATION  Why come to America? JOBS AND THE AMERICAN DREAM.  Open Door Policy Colonial immigration – NORTHERN Europe: England, Germany, Ireland The Second Wave 1783-1880- 8 million- OLD IMMIGRATION BEFORE 1880 NORTHERN and WESTERN Europe Irish- potato famine-1840ʼs; settled in East coast cities (industry jobs), eventually moved to Midwest farms – Germans – Scandinavians (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark) CHINESE- settled out west, worked in construction, railroad industry, as cooks  Industrial Era Immigration 1880-1920- 23 million- LARGEST PERIOD OF IMMIG NEW IMMIGRATION AFTER 1880 EASTERN and SOUTHERN Eur- Italy, Russ, Austria-Hungary, Yugoslavia, Poland immig were looking for economic opport, to escape polit and relig discrimin disliked b/c of differences (religion, language, smell) jobs: factory workers and miners LIMITS PLACED ON IMMIGRATION – 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act- worked for too little 1920ʼs- immigrants of Eastern Europe caused Americans to fear communism, Catholics, Jewish = NATIVISM KKK, groups were revived, Congress passed many Quota Acts to limit immig – NO OPEN DOOR POLICY  Americanization what do we expect of immigrants? pre/early Industrial Era- Anglo-Conformity- give up native culture, be American Industrial Era- Melting Pot- combine immig cult to produce new American culture now?- Salad Bowl- accept American culture and still hold on to their native traditions  1950s to Present US offers educational/economic opport; jobs: business workers (skilled and unskilled) Cubans, Asians, Indians, Middle Easterners So…all of these people are coming, where are they going to?? And even more specifically? "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” - Emma Lazarus  URBANIZATION Immigrants lived in cities: could not afford to move further inland, immigrant neighborhoods (China Town, Little Italy), influence of political bosses, factory jobs  Problems of Major Cities Overcrowding tenements- “solution” to housing shortage- apartments designed to hold a lot of people, START OF THE GHETTO Pollution sanitation problems Diseases fire hazards- Chicago Fire of 1871 crime and corruption  Sweatshops horrible factory conditions long hours- 12 a day unsafe- poorly lit, poor ventilation, hot, uncomfortable, chained doors low wages- 6 days a week, 12 hour days, $2.00/day little if any insurance/disability inexperienced/unskilled workers=hazardous working conditions child labor- no education In my opinion, no job was worse than this…  Progressive Movement reform attempts caused by Industrial Era settlement houses- started by Jane Addams (Hull House) and others; centers to provide services to the poor (nursery, classrooms, theater, health clinic) Social Gospel- Jesusʼ teachings should be applied to society – old view: financial success is a sign of Godʼs favor – new view: Social Gospel pushed people/ church to help poor Salvation Army created in 1880 in response to this belief  So…why come to cities??? Attractions, entertainment, talented people, various neighborhoods, everything you needed, “the place to be” Crash Course Document D Document F