History of America Immigration PDF

Immigration- Why? Push: escape from prosecution and poverty, lack of food, overcrowding Pull: employment opportunities, cheap agricultural land, Usa was a booming industry. Why wre there restrictions? 1900-14 , 13 mil arrived mainly from S+E europe, italy, austria, Poland. These immigrants were ofte...

Immigration- Why? Push: escape from prosecution and poverty, lack of food, overcrowding Pull: employment opportunities, cheap agricultural land, Usa was a booming industry. Why wre there restrictions? 1900-14 , 13 mil arrived mainly from S+E europe, italy, austria, Poland. These immigrants were often poor, illiterate, could not speak English, Catholic or Jews, reducing work oppertunities for other Americans. Wanted WASP immigrants. First WW encouraged opposition to immigrants who might be spies. 1917 Literacy Act, charged a fee of $8, read a 40 word passgae in english 1921- Emergency quota act, new immigrants were allowed in only 3% of the population of their nationality that were there in 1910, targeting eastern europeans 1924 The national Origins Act, reduced the EQA to 2% of the 1890 census 1929 Immigration Act, restricted to 150K immigrants per year, none from Asia, N+W euopans got 85% of places.Led to low tolerance to minority groups, favoured WASP immigrants, Reduction in allowance of other groups, more racism and isolation, reduce diversity in the country, Strike Action-3600 strikes in 1919 about poor working condition and pay, ploive went to a strike in Boston, herald the statert of a communist revolution, Strike in Seattle saw the brith of the Industrial Workers of the World, a oragnisations which name suggested communism. The strikes failed, led to loss of orders for the dockyards, and more unemployment. Press portrayed strikers as anit-american, and foreign-born. Immegrants not at fault but plamed due to existing fear of communism and reveals that xenophobia was present and increased due to the media. Bombings- 1919 a series of bombings by extreme anarchist groups, aim to disrupt and ultimately destroy the government. The Attorney General Mitchell Palmer was bombed. In April a Church in Milwaukee bombed, killing 10. MAy, letter box bombs were sent by Galleanists, Italian supporters of Luigi Galleani. 2nd June second wave of bombing detonated in eight American cities. Valid concern about immigrants as attacks led to harm and were done with malicious intent. Wanted to disrupt the gov however was a direct response to the publicly xenophobic leaders and politicians. I was only a few that actually carried this out, the reaction was too strong. Palmer Raids, Press reported on the attack on the home of Mitchell Palmer saying it was a communist plot to take over,on May day 1920 police attacked socialist parades and raided the offices of socalista organismations. Many innocent people were arrested from ethnic minrites. These raids were illegal, those arrested were kept for a long time dispit no evidence, more than 6000 suspected communists in 36 cities, several hundred Russians sent back on a ship nicknamed the ‘soviet Ark’. Sacco And Vanzetti. What? 5 May 1920, two Italian labourers were arrested and charged with murder , robbery of a shoe company, murder of a paymaster and security gaurd. Trail: reported world wide, evidence of racial discrimination in the US, Italian immigrants and were denied legal rights that they were entitaled to, exposed faulty legal system, flisy evidence, 45 days long, in 1970 Governor of MAssachusetes granted a formal pardon and said it was a mistrailInnocent:107 people confirmed alibi, many Italian, poor and witnesses, other men confessed, the judge Webster Thayer seemed determined to arrest, Vanzetti feared his political activites and his support for anarchism would be focused on. Guilty: they were anarchists, 61 eyewitnesses, they were carrying guns, forensic evidence matched the pitol that killed the gaurd to Saccos. Xenophobia?Moderate, judjment was made on weak evidence, denied rights, judgements made based on their anarchist beliefs. Reglion and Race-. Bible Belt- southern states in the 1920s, traditionally religious, many did not like the changes brought by the jazz era , thought it emphasised sex, material goods and loose morals. A grap between rural and urban america could be seen in the argument over evaluation, In 1925 an evangelist preacher Billy Sunday referred to it as “God-forsaken bastard theory of evolution”. Preachers used radios to spread messages, Aimee Semple McPherson had a show “Foursquare Gospel hour” which was broadcasted from the Angeles Temple in LA, built the temple using $1mill she raised herself, seated 5,200. Monkey trials Native Americans Segrigation Jim Crow Black reaction Migration NAACP UNIA KKK Crime and Corruption Life under prohibition Enforcement Organised crime- st valentine's day masacre Corruption: HArding’s Ohio Gang Teapot dome scandal Economic boom The end of prosperity Popular ebternainment Role of women