Social Behavior: Chapter 13 PDF

CHAPTER 13 Social Behaviour 1  Social Psychology ▪ Person perception ▪ Attribution processes ▪ Interpersonal attraction ▪ Attitudes ▪ Conformity and obedience ▪ Behaviour in groups 2  Person Perception: Fo...

CHAPTER 13 Social Behaviour 1  Social Psychology ▪ Person perception ▪ Attribution processes ▪ Interpersonal attraction ▪ Attitudes ▪ Conformity and obedience ▪ Behaviour in groups 2  Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Others ▪ Effects of physical appearance ▪ Cognitive schemas ▪ Stereotypes ▪ Prejudice and discrimination ▪ Subjectivity in person perception ▪ Evolutionary perspective 3 4  Attribution Processes: Explaining Behaviour ▪ Attributions – Internal vs. External ▪ Biases in attributions – Fundamental attribution error – Defensive attribution – Self-serving bias ▪ Cultural influences – Individualism vs. Collectivism 5 6 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving ▪ Key factors in attraction – Physical attractiveness – Matching hypothesis – Similarity – Reciprocity – Romantic Ideals ▪ Perspectives on love – Hatfield & Berscheid – Passionate vs. Companionate love – Sternberg - Intimacy and commitment – Hazen & Shaver – love as attachment 7 8  Infant attachment and romantic relationships. According to Hazan and Shaver (1987), people’s romantic relationships in adulthood are similar in form to their attachment patterns in infancy, which are determined in part by parental caregiving styles. The theorized relationships between parental styles, attachment patterns, and intimate relationships are outlined here. (Data for parental caregiving styles and adult attachment styles based on Hazan and Shaver, 1986, 1987; infant attachment patterns adapted from Shaffer, 1985) 9 ▪ Culture and close relationships ▪ Evolutionary Perspectives – Mating priorities ▪ The Internet and close relationships 10  Attitudes and Attitude Change ▪ 3 components – cognitive, affective, and behavioural 11  Attitudes and Attitude Change ▪ 3 components – cognitive, affective, and behavioural The possible components of attitudes. 12  Attitudes and Attitude Change ▪ 3 components – cognitive, affective, and behavioural ▪ Factors in changing attitudes (persuasion) 13 14 15  Attitudes and Attitude Change ▪ 3 components – cognitive, affective, and behavioural ▪ Factors in changing attitudes ▪ Theories of attitude change – Learning theory – Dissonance theory – Self-perception theory – Elaboration likelihood model 16 17 18 19 20 Attitudes: Implicit and Explicit 21  Attitudes: Implicit and Explicit ▪ Explicit attitudes we hold consciously and can easily describe ▪ Implicit attitudes are covert and expressed in subtle automatic responses ▪ Implicit Association Test (IAT) 22 23  Yielding to Others: Conformity ▪ Conformity – Solomon Asch (1950s) – Classic experiment Group size Group unanimity ▪ Normative influence ▪ Informational influence 24  Yielding to Others: Obedience ▪ Obedience – Stanley Milgram (1960s) – Controversial landmark experiment – “I was just following orders” presence of a dissenter 25  Behaviour in Groups: The Influence of Other People ▪ The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968) – Diffusion of responsibility 26  Behaviour in Groups: The Influence of Other People ▪ The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968) – Diffusion of responsibility ▪ Group productivity and social loafing 27 28  Behaviour in Groups: The Influence of Other People ▪ The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968) – Diffusion of responsibility ▪ Group productivity and social loafing ▪ Decision making in groups ▪ Groupthink ▪ Group Polarization 29 30  Social Neuroscience ▪ Social neuroscience – an approach to research and theory in social psychology that integrates models of neuroscience and social psychology to study the mechanisms of social behaviour. – E.g., the role of amygdala in cross-racial processing, physical and social pain similarities. 31