Chapter 12: Diabetes Mellitus PDF
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Mu'tah University
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Summary
This document provides information about diabetes mellitus, focusing on types, risk factors, and nutrition therapy. It explains important aspects of diabetes management and explores considerations for different age groups, such as pregnant and elderly individuals.
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Chapter 12: Diabetes mellitus * 1 Diabetes mellitus: Metabolic disorder of CHO metabolism characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) related to a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin *...
Chapter 12: Diabetes mellitus * 1 Diabetes mellitus: Metabolic disorder of CHO metabolism characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) related to a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin * 2 Types of DM Type 1 Diabetes characterized by the lack of insulin secretion usually diagnosed before the age of 30 years in people who are of normal or below normal weight Type 2 Diabetes 90-95% of diabetes cases characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance hyperglycemia provides constant stimulation for insulin secretion, further aggravating hyperinsulinemia * 3 Risk factors for type 2 diabetes 1. ≥45 years of age 2. Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) 3. 1st degree relative with diabetes 4. Chronic physical inactivity 5. History of gestational diabetes 6. Giving birth to a baby weighing > 9 pounds 7. Hypertensive 8. HDL < 35mg/dL 9. Triglyceride level ≥ 250 mg/dL 10. Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome 11. History of vascular disease * 4 Nutrition therapy cornerstone of treatment for all diabetics, regardless of weight status, use of medication, blood glucose levels, and presence or absence of symptoms goals of nutrition therapy are to – achieve optimal blood glucose (70-140 mg/dl) & 2- hour postprandial
