Occupational Safety and Health Hazards PDF

1/2/23 O CCUPAT IO NA L S A F E TY A ND HE A LTH HA Z A RDS Week 5 IE438. Industrial Safety and Health Dr. Majed Moosa 1 DO YOU KNOW THAT EACH YEAR…..? ONLY in The UNITED STATES Source: (Brauer, 2006; p.4) 2 1 1/2/23 HE A LTH A ND S A F E TY: W HAT ARE THE Y? • Health: Avoidance of work-re...

1/2/23 O CCUPAT IO NA L S A F E TY A ND HE A LTH HA Z A RDS Week 5 IE438. Industrial Safety and Health Dr. Majed Moosa 1 DO YOU KNOW THAT EACH YEAR…..? ONLY in The UNITED STATES Source: (Brauer, 2006; p.4) 2 1 1/2/23 HE A LTH A ND S A F E TY: W HAT ARE THE Y? • Health: Avoidance of work-related illness • Safety: Avoidance of work-related injuries (including property damage and fire) 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND HEALTH q People - accidents and ill-health do harm. q The Law - breaking Health & Safety law is a criminal offence for which individuals can be fined or imprisoned. q The Business - health or safety incidents can have an immediate impact. Loss of confidence by customers and investors can be even more serious and result in job losses. 4 2 1/2/23 THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY AND HEALTH qAbove all else, it’s YOUR OWN ATTITUDE qThink SAFETY 5 UNDERSTANDING SAFETY 6 3 1/2/23 WHY ACCIDENTS HAPPEN? Ø Distraction Ø Unfamiliarity Ø Tiredness Ø Complacency Ø Hurry Don’t go ‘Dutch’ with safety! 7 Hazard vs. Risk Hazard: Ø Is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. Risk: Ø Is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard § Knife § Electricity § Wet floor 8 Cut Shock, electrocution Slips, falls Source: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_ risk.html 4 1/2/23 Hazards It takes a hazard and someone exposed to the hazard to produce an incident. Hazard + Exposure = Incident Is this an incident waiting to happen? PPT-072-01 5 9 MINIMIZE AND CONTROL HAZARDS Recognize Evaluate Control 10 5 1/2/23 HAZARDS RECOGNITION Hazards We Recognize • Vibration • Excessive Noise • Unguarded Machinery Hazards We Don’t Recognize • Chemical Hazards • Poisons • Toxic Substances • Ergonomic Hazards 11 HAZARD EVALUATION • Is the Risk Acceptable? • Can we Control it? • How Can We Evaluate Risk? • Experience • Scientific Measurements • Outside Consultants 12 6 1/2/23 HAZARD CONTROL Ø To minimize hazards, one must be able to: 1 • Elimination (including substitution) 2 • Engineering Controls 3 • Administrative Controls 4 • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Source: http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_control.html 13 14 7 1/2/23 ELIMINATION (INCLUDING SUBSTITUTION) • The best way to control a hazard is to eliminate it and remove the danger. This can be done by changing a work process in a way that will get rid of a hazard; substituting anon-toxic chemical for a toxic substance; having workers perform tasks at ground level rather than working at heights; and other methods that remove the hazard all together. • The second best way to control a hazard is to substitute something else in its place that would be non- hazardous or less hazardous to workers. For example, a non-toxic (or less toxic) chemical could be substituted for a hazardous one. 15 ENGI NEERI NG CONTROLS ( SAFEGUARDI NG TECHNOLOGY) • If a hazard cannot be eliminated or a safer substitute cannot be found, the next best approach is to use engineering controls to keep the hazard from reaching the worker. This could include methods such as using noise dampening technology to reduce noise levels; enclosing a chemical process in a Plexiglas "glove box"; using mechanical lifting devices; or using local exhaust ventilation that captures and carries away the contaminants before they can get in the breathing zone of workers. 16 8 1/2/23 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ( T R A I N I N G A N D P RO C E D U R E S ) If engineering controls cannot be implemented, or cannot be implemented right away, administrative controls should be considered. Administrative controls involve changes in workplace policies and procedures. They can include such things as: - Warning alarms - Labeling systems - Reducing the time workers are exposed to a hazard, and - Training. For example, workers could be rotated in and out of a hot area rather than having to spend eight hours per day in the heat. Back-up alarms on trucks that are backing up are an example of effective warning systems. However, warning signs used instead of correcting a hazard that can and should be corrected are not acceptable forms of hazard control. 17 P E R S O N A L P ROT E C T IV E E Q U IP M E N T (PPE) Ø It is essential protection for many hazards, BUT: Ø It is not effective for some people Ø Should be the right equipment for the hazard Ø Should fit Ø Use Ø Maintenance It should be used after trying to eliminate and reduce hazards. Remember: PPE is the last control 18 9 1/2/23 IS THIS AN APPROPRIATE HARD HAT? 19 I S T H I S A N A P P RO P R I AT E R E S P I R ATO R ? 20 10 1/2/23 IS THIS AN A P P R O P R I AT E WELDER’S MASK? 21 I S T H I S A N A P P R O P R I AT E S C A F F O L D I N G ? 22 11 1/2/23 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) HEAD PROTECTION Hazards ØFalling or flying objects ØBumping head against something ØHair becoming caught in machines ØTypes of Protection ØHelmets ØHood Ø 23 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) EYE AND FACE PROTECTION Ø Hazards ØFlying objects and particles etc Ø Excessive light and radiation ØTypes of Protection ØGoggles ØSpectacles ØFace Shields ØWelding Helmets 24 12 1/2/23 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hearing Protection Ø Hazards ØExposure to excessive noise ØTypes of Protection ØMuffs ØPlugs 25 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) FOOT AND LEG PROTECTION Hazards ØFalling objects ØContacts with chemicals ØSlipping ØStepping on nails, hot materials ØTypes of Protection ØSafety shoes Ø 26 13 1/2/23 Think Safety A millisecond makes all the difference 27 14