Fermentation Grade 11 Biology

Fermentation Objectives 01 Explain how organisms get energy in the absence of oxygen. 02 Identify the pathways the body uses to pro- duce ATP during exercise.  Glycolysis- anaerobic process ATP: Net Gain: Glycolysis produces a total of 4 ATP molecule...

Fermentation Objectives 01 Explain how organisms get energy in the absence of oxygen. 02 Identify the pathways the body uses to pro- duce ATP during exercise.  Glycolysis- anaerobic process ATP: Net Gain: Glycolysis produces a total of 4 ATP molecules, but since 2 ATP molecules are used in the process, the net gain is 2 ATP per glucose molecule. NADH: Glycolysis generates 2 NADH molecules, which are used as electron carriers. These can later be utilized in the electron transport chain to produce additional ATP in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate: The end product of glycolysis is 2 molecules of pyruvate. This is a crucial intermediate that can be further processed in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions  Glycolysis Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell – NOT MITOCHONDRIA Produces = Energy Carrier Molecules 2 ATP Fermentation We have to keep the glycolysis process repeating ( our only way of producing ATP when theres no oxygen  ) Fermentation In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP. Fermentation - During fermentation, cells convert NADH to NAD+ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid. - This action converts NADH back into the electron carrier NAD+, allowing glycolysis to keep going and to produce a steady supply of ATP.  Lactic Acid Fermentation During heavy exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain. Your muscles are now lacking oxygen. There must be a way to make ATP without the help of oxygen. But your muscles need ATP if you want to continue your exercise. Glycolysis Glucose (6C) broken down into two pyruvates (3C)4ATP + NADH created L.A.F Step 1: Happens when muscles do not receive oxygen NADH breaks down pyruvates into lactic acid (causes burn)Lactic acid breaks down upon oxygen returning L.A.F Step 2: NAD returns to glycolysis Glycolysis can break down another glucose to create 4 ATP The mitochondria The mitochondria is the organelle where the final stages of cellular respiration occurs. Cells that use a lot of energy have high numbers of mitochondria. Example: Muscle cells in the heart!!