Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organisms get energy from food molecules?
What is the name of the process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organisms get energy from food molecules?
Fermentation
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
- Carbon Dioxide (correct)
- ATP
- Pyruvate
- NADH
Glycolysis occurs within the mitochondria.
Glycolysis occurs within the mitochondria.
False (B)
What is the net gain of ATP per glucose molecule during glycolysis?
What is the net gain of ATP per glucose molecule during glycolysis?
What are the two main types of fermentation?
What are the two main types of fermentation?
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Why is fermentation essential for organisms in anaerobic conditions?
Why is fermentation essential for organisms in anaerobic conditions?
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen.
What is the primary function of NADH in glycolysis?
What is the primary function of NADH in glycolysis?
What is the main organelle involved in cellular respiration, where the final stages occur?
What is the main organelle involved in cellular respiration, where the final stages occur?
Flashcards
Fermentation
Fermentation
A process that releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen, producing ATP.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
An anaerobic process where glucose is broken down to produce energy (ATP) and electron carriers (NADH).
ATP
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate; the main energy currency of the cell.
NADH
NADH
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Pyruvate
Pyruvate
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Anaerobic
Anaerobic
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Aerobic
Aerobic
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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Glucose
Glucose
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Net ATP gain from glycolysis
Net ATP gain from glycolysis
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Electron Carriers (NADH)
Electron Carriers (NADH)
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Muscle cells/exercise
Muscle cells/exercise
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Energy production
Energy production
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Organelle
Organelle
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Study Notes
Fermentation
- Fermentation is the process of releasing energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen, producing ATP.
- Glycolysis is a crucial process in fermentation, continuously repeating to create ATP when oxygen is absent.
- During fermentation, cells convert NADH to NAD+ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid. This allows glycolysis to continue, creating a steady supply of ATP.
- Lactic acid fermentation is a type of fermentation that occurs in muscles during strenuous exercise when oxygen is low.
- Lactic acid fermentation converts glucose to pyruvate, generating ATP. Pyruvate is later converted to lactic acid when there's no oxygen, resulting in muscle fatigue.
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm.
- It does not need oxygen to break down glucose.
- It breaks down glucose, a 6-carbon molecule, into two pyruvates, 3-carbon molecules.
- Glycolysis initially uses 2 ATP molecules to begin the reaction.
- 4 ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis
- Glycolysis results in a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
- Glycolysis also generates 2 NADH molecules which can be later used to produce additional ATP in the presence of oxygen.
- Pyruvate is a crucial intermediate produced in glycolysis and can be further processed in either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Mitochondria
- Mitochondria are organelles where the final stages of cellular respiration occur.
- Cells requiring high energy levels, such as muscle cells in the heart, have a high concentration of mitochondria.
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