Organizational Behavior Chapter 1 PDF

Organizational Behavior Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Learning Objectives 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace. 1.2...

Organizational Behavior Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Learning Objectives 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace. 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB). 1.3 Show the value of systematic study to OB. 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Learning Objectives (Cont.) 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. 1.6 Identify managers’ challenges and opportunities in applying OB concepts. 1.7 Compare the three levels of analysis in this text’s OB model. 1.8 Describe the key employability skills gained from studying OB that are applicable to other majors or future careers. Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Management and Organizational Behavior Learning Objective 1.1 Good people skills are important – Good places to work have superior financial performance – Developing managers’ interpersonal skills helps attract and keep high-performing employees – There is a strong association between the quality of workplace relationships and employee job satisfaction, stress, and turnover – Increasing OB principles can foster social responsibility awareness Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Characteristics of Organizations Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd.  Exhibit 13.1Organization as Iceberg 13-6 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Who Is a Manager? Manager: someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Managerial Activities Traditional management – Decision making, planning, controlling Communication – Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork Human resources management – Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training Networking – Socializing, politicking, and interacting with outsiders Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Four Functions of Management Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Managerial Roles Interpersonal – Figurehead, leader, liaison Informational – Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson Decisional – Entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Management Skills Technical skills – Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field Human skills – The ability to work well with other people Conceptual skills – The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Efficiency and Effectiveness Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. The Field of Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior studies the influence that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations – Its chief goal is to apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd.  Focus of Organizational Behavior Individual behavior – Attitudes, personality, perception, learning, and motivation Group behavior – Norms, roles, team building, leadership, and conflict Organizational aspects – Structure, culture, and human resource policies and practices 13-14 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd.  Goals of Organizational Behavior – (1) explain, – (2) predict, and – (3) influence behavior. 13-15 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Focal Points of OB 1. Motivation 2. Leader behavior and power 3. Interpersonal communication 4. Group structures and processes 5. Attitude development and perception 6. Change processes 7. Conflict and negotiation 8. Work design Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study Learning Objective 1.3 Intuition: your “gut feeling” explanation of behavior Systematic study improves ability to accurately predict behavior – Assumes behavior is not random – Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior – These can be identified and modified to reflect individual differences Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Systematic Study Examines relationships Attempts to attribute causes and effects Bases conclusions on scientific evidence: – Data is gathered under controlled conditions – Data is measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Evidence-Based Management Evidence-based management: bases decisions on the best available scientific evidence – Complements systematic study – Forces managers to become more scientific in their thinking Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Big Data Big data: the extensive use of statistical compilation and analysis – Identify persistent and predictive statistics Current usage: predicting events, detecting risk, and preventing catastrophes New trends: understanding, helping, and managing people Artificial Intelligence (AI) Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field Learning Objective 1.4 Psychology: the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior. Social Psychology: focuses on people’s influence on one another. One major study area is change. Sociology: studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Studies: organizational culture, theories, structure, power, and conflict. Anthropology: the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. I helps understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries and within different organizations. Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Few Absolutes in OB Learning Objective 1.5 Impossible to make simple and accurate generalizations Human beings are complex and diverse OB concepts must reflect situational conditions: contingency variables Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Employment Options (Exhibit 1-2) Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Challenges and Opportunities for OB Learning Objective 1.6 1. Responding to continuing globalization 2. Understanding workforce demographics 3. Managing workforce diversity 4. Impact of social media 5. Employee well-being at work 6. Creating a positive work environment 7. Improving ethical behavior Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Responding to Globalization Increasing connectedness and cooperation Working with people from different cultures Adapting to differing cultural and regulatory norms Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Managing Workforce Demographics Longevity Birth rates Socioeconomic conditions Other changes in the workforce Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Managing Workforce Diversity Workforce diversity: organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and other characteristic Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Social Media Use of social media by employees Using social media to learn about employees Impact of social media on employee well-being Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Enhancing Employee Well-Being at Work The line between work and non-work has blurred and managers are increasingly dealing with conflicts that arise between work and life away from work Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Creating a Positive Work Environment Positive organizational scholarship: how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential – Focus on what’s good about an organization, not what’s bad Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Improving Ethical Behavior Managers facing ethical dilemmas or ethical choices are required to identify right and wrong conduct Companies promoting strong ethical missions: – Encourage employees to behave with integrity – Provide strong leadership that influences employee decisions to behave ethically Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Developing an OB Model A model is an abstraction of reality – a simplified version of some real-world phenomenon Three types of variables: – Inputs, processes, and outcomes Three levels of analysis – Individual, group, and organizational Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. A Basic OB Model (Exhibit 1-3) Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Three Levels of OB Analysis Learning Objective 1.7 The individual level The group level The organizational level Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Employability Skills Learning Objective 1.8 Critical thinking Communication Collaboration Knowledge application and analysis Social responsibility Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Implications for Managers Don’t rely on generalizations Use metrics and situational variables rather than “hunches” to explain cause-and-effect relationships Increase leadership potential by improving interpersonal skills Improve technical and conceptual skills by staying current with trends like big data Recognize the role of organizational behavior on employee work quality and productivity Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd. Discussion Questions What are some of the concerns you have with the use of artificial intelligence in organizations? A recent study found that those people who woke up in a positive mood and then regularly accessed Facebook throughout the day generally experienced declining moods as the day progressed. Facebook time has also been found to be correlated with lower satisfaction levels. How can managers address this? Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Ltd.