Technology in Action Chapter 1 - PDF

Technology in Action Eighteenth Edition Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Soc...

Technology in Action Eighteenth Edition Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society Impact of Tools of Modern Technology (Objective 1.1) Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram enable people to connect and exchange ideas. These same tools are also bringing together people facing similar problems to fight for social change. Crisis-mapping tools collect information and then maps it, instantly making the information publicly available. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved  Technology in a Global Society (1 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) Health care – Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop antibodies tests – Computationally intense modeling software helps increase the pace of vaccine discovery The Environment – Data could alert scientists to new trends Health Care The global pandemic brought by the COVID-19 virus infected millions, with catastrophic public health and economic consequences. Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop tests for antibodies for specific viruses. Computationally intense modeling software helps researchers increase the pace of vaccine discovery. Environment Tagged with geographical information, data could alert scientists to new trends in our environment. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society (2 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) The Digital Divide – Gap exists between levels of Internet access and availability of technical tools – Prevents use of all minds to solve planet’s problems There is a great gap in the levels of Internet access and the availability of technical tools in different regions of the world. The term coined for this difference in ease of access to technology is the digital divide. One danger of a digital divide is that it prevents us from using all the minds on the planet to solve the planet’s problems. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) Collaborating for the benefit of others – Web 2.0 ▪ Allows easy content contribution ▪ Facilitates easy connections with others – Cognitive Surplus ▪ Combination of leisure time and tools to be creative © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) Connecting through business – Support others’ dreams – Crowdfunding asks for small donations from a large number of people © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) Marketing: – Influencers – Crowdsourcing © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved  Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) The center of the image shows a circle with text: sharing economy in it. And this circle is surrounded by four different Sharing economy circles. The circle on the top is task rabbit, on the left is citi bikes, on the right is air b n b, and at the bottom is uber or lyft. – ZipCar allows people to use shared cars. – Citi Bike allows people to share bikes in a metropolitan area – Collaborative consumption implies that we are joining together as a group to use a specific product more efficiently © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved The Importance of Computer Literacy (1 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) Computer literacy – Understand capabilities and limitations of computers – Know how to use safely and efficiently © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved The Importance of Computer Literacy (2 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) Computer literacy – Avoiding hackers and viruses – Protecting your privacy – Understanding the real risks – Using the web wisely – Avoiding online annoyances – Ability to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot a computer – Keeping up to date © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (1 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Intelligence—ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills – Experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language Artificial intelligence—systems or machines that perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (2 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Goal in 1950s was to create a machine that could think like a human Central goals of AI – Natural language processing (NLP) – Perception – Knowledge representation – Planning – Problem solving – Learning © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (3 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Major developments contributing to functional AI systems – Expert systems – Artificial neural networks – Advances in machine learning ▪ Deep learning systems capable of learning from mistakes © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (1 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Retail – Data mining ▪ Process of searching huge amounts of data for patterns ▪ Respond to consumer buying/usage patterns © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (2 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Banking – Uses AI to help spot fraud Transportation – Autopilots on commercial airplanes – Autonomous vehicles Robots and Embodied Agents © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (3 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Education – Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) assist students with their individualized learning plans – Speed up the grading process – Plagiarism checkers © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved  Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (4 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Law Enforcement – Computers used in cars – Facial reconstruction – Computer forensics Computers are being used in police cars and crime labs to solve an increasing number of crimes. Facial reconstruction systems can turn a skull into a finished digital image of a face, allowing quick identification. A law enforcement specialty called computer forensics is growing in importance in order to fight modern crime. Computer forensics analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (5 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Medicine – Help doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions – Being integrated into patient information systems – Used to design and construct prosthetic devices © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (6 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Psychology – MACH—My Automated Conversation CoacH – Affective computing © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing Defining Ethics (Objective 1.8) Ethics: the study of morals and specific moral choices made Laws: formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone Unethical behavior: not conforming to approved standards Amoral behavior: no sense of right and wrong © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing Personal Ethics (Objective 1.9) Determining Your Personal Ethics – Describe yourself – List key principles you believe in – Identify external influences – Consider why – Prepare statement of values © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (1 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Intellectual Property – Work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge – Protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks Privacy – Control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (2 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Social Justice – Predictive policing to prevent crime – Military and government secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks) Liability – 3D printing can lead to quality control issues Censorship – Global differences in website blocking © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (3 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Social Activism – Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way – Often manifests as denial-of-service attacks Automated Robotic Machinery – Self-driving cars – Choose between sets of bad choices © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved