Technology in Action - Global Edition - LDCW6123 Topic 1 PDF

Technology in Action Eighteenth Edition Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global iss...

Technology in Action Eighteenth Edition Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global issues. 1.2 Describe various global social issues that are being affected by technology. 1.3 Describe how technology is changing how and why we connect and collaborate with others. 1.4 Summarize how technology has impacted the way we choose and consume products and services. 1.5 Characterize computer literacy and explain why it is important to be computer literate. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.6 Describe artificial intelligence systems and explain their main goals. 1.7 Describe how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies are important in many careers. 1.8 Define ethics and describe various ethical systems. 1.9 Describe influences on the development of your personal ethics. 1.10 Present examples of how technology creates ethical challenges. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society Impact of Tools of Modern Technology (Objective 1.1) Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Social Media Platforms Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn provide tools that enable people to connect and exchange ideas. These platforms allow users to create profiles, share content, engage in discussions, and communicate with others. They provide a space for individuals to connect with like- minded individuals, join communities, and share their thoughts, opinions, and ideas with a wider audience. Social media has revolutionized the way people communicate and has become a powerful tool for connecting and exchanging ideas on a global scale. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Impact of Tools of Modern Technology Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram enable people to connect & exchange ideas Platform that bring together people facing similar problems to fight for social change. Eg: Twitter hashtag #MeToo began as a way of supporting women facing sexual harassment and assault but evolved to galvanize an international movement. A simple hashtag brought to light an important social issue and was a key means for revealing how widespread the problem was © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved BOTS BOT Accounts : automated programs re-tweeting news stories and quotes are used to share issues all around Eg: #enflaming the gun control in US #fanning prejudice into violence in Sri Lanka #Impact of pendemic globally © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved BOTS A bot is an automated software application that performs repetitive tasks over a network. It follows specific instructions to imitate human behavior but is faster and more accurate. A bot can also run independently without human intervention. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, chatbots are bots that can independently hold a conversation, while social media bots do not have to have that ability. Chatbots are able to respond to user input, but social media bots do not need to “know” how to converse. In fact, many social media bots don’t communicate using language at all; they only perform more simple interactions such as providing ‘follows’ and ‘likes’. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Example of a Chatbot © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Crisis – Mapping Tool Crisis mapping is a dynamic method that involves the real-time data collection © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Crisis – Mapping Tool Another example of interaction of technology and society is the software Ushahidi. Real scenario: Dispute election in Kenya, violence broke al over the country. Nairobi lawyer – Ory Okolloh trie So, two programmers saw her request for help and in created Ushahidi few day after. Ushahidi : It’s a crisis mapping tool that collects information from e-mails,text messages, blog post,tweetes an Developer made it a free platform so everyone can use it. Eg: Used in several international disasters. In what other ways may technology help us in times of crisis? © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society (1 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) Health care – Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop antibodies tests – Computationally intense modeling software helps increase the pace of vaccine discovery “Healthcare technology is any technology, including medical devices, IT systems, algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud and blockchain, designed to support healthcare organizations” © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society (1 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) Health care Infectious diseases account for about one-fifth of all deaths worldwide. Using scientific visualization tools, scientists are developing antibodies for flu viruses and even HIV and difficult viruses that continually change shape. Computationally intense modelling software – helps researcher to expediate production © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved The Environment – Data could alert scientists to new trends © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology in a Global Society (2 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) The Digital Divide – Gap exists between levels of Internet access and availability of technical tools – Prevents use of all minds to solve planet’s problems © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) Collaborating for the benefit of others – Web 2.0 ▪ Allows easy content contribution ▪ Facilitates easy connections with others – Cognitive Surplus ▪ Combination of leisure time and tools to be creative © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) Connecting through business – Support others’ dreams – Crowdfunding asks for small donations from a large number of people – Eg: Marketplace ideas , ideas selling platform (Kickstarter) – person can reach people who believe in the idea. – Donors agree to fund a money (crowdfunding0 © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) Tech is also changing how we decide what we’ll purchase and how we actually buy goods and services. 1. Marketing: – Influencers – Crowdsourcing © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) 2.Sharing economy – ZipCar – Citi Bike – Collaborative consumption © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved The Importance of Computer Literacy (1 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) Computer literacy – Understand capabilities and limitations of computers – Know how to use safely and efficiently © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved The Importance of Computer Literacy (2 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) Computer literacy – Avoiding hackers and viruses – can threaten computer security – Protecting your privacy – if identity stolen, your credit rating can be quickly ruined. Do you know how to protect yourself from identity theft online? – Understanding the real risks – Being computer literate meansable to separate real privacy and security risk. Cookies, cashe, firewall configuration – Using the web wisely – know how to utilized internet and computer wisely – Avoiding online annoyances – avoid spam, junk mail,adware,spyware, worms,viruses etc – Ability to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot a computer – Keeping up to date © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (1 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Intelligence—ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills – Experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language Artificial intelligence— systems or machines that perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (2 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Goal in 1950s was to create a machine that could think like a human Central goals of A I Natural language processing (N L P) Perception Knowledge representation Planning Problem solving Learning © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Artificial Intelligence (3 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) Major developments contributing to functional AI systems – Expert systems – Artificial neural networks – Advances in machine learning ▪ Deep learning systems capable of learning from mistakes © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (1 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Retail – Data mining ▪ Process of searching huge amounts of data for patterns ▪ Respond to consumer buying/usage patterns © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (2 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Banking – Uses AI to help spot fraud Transportation – Autopilots on commercial airplanes – Autonomous vehicles Robots and Embodied Agents © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (3 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Education – Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) assist students with their individualized learning plans – Speed up the grading process – Plagiarism checkers © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (4 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Law Enforcement – Computers used in cars – Facial reconstruction – Computer forensics © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (5 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Medicine – Help doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions – Being integrated into patient information systems – Used to design and construct prosthetic devices © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (6 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) Psychology – MACH—My Automated Conversation CoacH – Affective computing © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing Defining Ethics (Objective 1.8) Ethics: the study of morals and specific moral choices made Laws: formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone Unethical behavior: not conforming to approved standards Amoral behavior: no sense of right and wrong © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing Personal Ethics (Objective 1.9) Determining Your Personal Ethics – Describe yourself – List key principles you believe in – Identify external influences – Consider why – Prepare statement of values © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (1 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Intellectual Property – Work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge – Protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks Privacy – Control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (2 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Social Justice – Predictive policing to prevent crime – Military and government secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks) Liability – 3D printing can lead to quality control issues Censorship – Global differences in website blocking © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Ethical Computing (3 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) Social Activism – Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way – Often manifests as denial-of-service attacks Automated Robotic Machinery – Self-driving cars – Choose between sets of bad choices © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved Copyright This work is protected by United Kingdom copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. © 2023 Pearson Education Ltd. All rights reserved